Lead Outside Sales Representative Alleviation Enterprise LLCLead Outside Sales RepresentativeSpringfield, OregonWeekly draw pay option plus commissions (no caps and short sales cycle-3 business days) as well as monthly cash sales bonuses, quarterly stock share bonuses, incentive trips, and vested renewal commissions. Bachelor's degree or minimum of 4 years post-high school work experience (candidates within 6 months of degree completion or less than 4 years of professional work experience with relevant sales or athletic background will be considered).
Outside Sales Rep Hi-Peak StaffingOutside Sales RepHappy Valley, ORKey Responsibilities: Develop the assigned territory through prospecting, cold calling, qualifying leads, and following up on referrals, while setting appointments and delivering sales presentations. Ironclad, a leader in specialty containment and waste management, offers the benefits of a large company with the close-knit feel of a small one, plus competitive benefits and career growth opportunities.
["Sales Manager","Sales Manager"] Brookdale Senior Living["Sales Manager","Sales Manager"]TroutdaleBrookdale supports our Sales associates through: 3-week on-boarding & orientation program featuring in-depth instruction in Brookdale's unique approach to sales, the systems to help you be successful, one-on-one coaching with your District Director, ongoing monthly continuing education for knowledge growth, and customized tools designed to help you best market your community for your unique geographic area. This is a great opportunity for a strong sales leader looking to take the next step in their professional career or for an experienced Sales Manager looking to join a reputable mission and purpose-driven organization where you can make a contribution.
HVAC Sales at Apollo Plumbing, Heating & Air Conditioning HireAlignedHVAC Sales at Apollo Plumbing, Heating & Air ConditioningTroutdale, OREGONWork with customers to answer questions regarding estimates in ServiceTitan. Meet with customers in their homes to evaluate needs and present options.
Regional VP, Sales - Enterprise (West Coast) EXIGERRegional VP, Sales - Enterprise (West Coast)Portland, ORRemoteExiger is named a Leader in the Gartner Magic Quadrant for Supplier Risk Management, twice selected as one of Fast Company's 'Brands That Matter,' and recipient of the Third Party Risk Association's Innovator Award, Exiger's technology has been recognized by leading analyst evaluations and 50+ awards. Trusted by 550+ global customers, including Fortune 500 companies and U.S. government agencies, Exiger is a recognized, award-winning leader in supply chain AI and a FedRAMP authorized provider to the federal government.
Regional VP, Sales – Enterprise (West Coast) ExigerRegional VP, Sales – Enterprise (West Coast)Portland, ORRemoteExiger is named a Leader in the Gartner ® Magic Quadrant for Supplier Risk Management, twice selected as one of Fast Company's 'Brands That Matter,' and recipient of the Third Party Risk Association's Innovator Award, Exiger's technology has been recognized by leading analyst evaluations and 50+ awards. Trusted by 550+ global customers—including Fortune 500 companies and U.S. government agencies—Exiger is a recognized, award-winning leader in supply chain AI and a FedRAMP® authorized provider to the federal government.
International Seed Sales Rep GpacInternational Seed Sales RepEugene, OR110000–150000GPAC (Growing People and Companies) is an award-winning search firm specializing in placing quality professionals within multiple industries across the United States since 1990. To apply for the International Seed Sales Rep role, or to inquire on other Ag positions, contact Carolyn Milligan at 605-401-6344 or carolyn.milligan@gogpac.com .
Portland Sales & Education Specialist tarte cosmeticsPortland Sales & Education SpecialistPortland, ORtarte is the pioneer of high-performance naturals & one of the fastest growing cosmetic companies in the U.S. Nearly 25 years ago, founder & CEO Maureen Kelly set out to create a cruelty-free line of easy-to-use, life-proof products packed with good-for-you ingredients that deliver real results without compromise. The brand is 85% vegan (with 100% vegan skincare!) & proud to be the #1 concealer brand in the US.* tarte is committed to sharing its passion for skinvigorating ingredients with the world: it has in-store presence in over 20 countries & online at tarte.com, shipping to over 50 countries worldwide!
Dedicated Sales Representative - Redistribution| Portland, OR BunzlDedicated Sales Representative - Redistribution| Portland, ORClackamas, ORFull timeAbility to understand and utilize Bunzl’s selling process to effectively pre-qualify leads, set appointments, identify customer GAPs, present solutions, handle objections and close & implement sales. With more than 10,000 team members and over 400,000 supplies, Bunzl is recognized as a leading supplier across North America—and proudly certified as a Great Place to Work®.
Field Sales Professional R.I.S.E. FinancialField Sales ProfessionalLa Grande, Oregon$75,000–$100,000 / yearProspect and Build Relationships : Engage with businesses, uncovering needs, and creating tailored insurance solutions that provide real value and help companies secure their employees' futures. If you are someone who thrives on overcoming challenges, is ready to break through limitations, and is committed to achieving new heights in your career, RISE Financial is the place for you.
NewAdministrative Sales Assistant Pacific Office AutomationAdministrative Sales AssistantBeaverton, OR$20–$25 / hourYou will play a key role in keeping operations running smoothly, supporting account management, and ensuring a high level of service both internally and with clients. With 50 years of success in office equipment and technology sales and service, we have built strong partnerships with industry leaders such as Canon, Sharp, Konica Minolta, HP, Ricoh, and Lexmark.
Regional Sales Manager RDO Equipment CoRegional Sales ManagerPortland, OR$85,000–$100,000 / yearAt RDO Equipment Co., you'll lead the Vermeer product line as a Regional Sales Manager - guiding a high-performing sales team, shaping strategy, and building strong customer partnerships across the region. RDO Equipment Co. in Portland belongs to our Vermeer division, focused on providing a variety of Vermeer products, parts and services to customers around the U.S. RDOs Vermeer division includes eight locations.
Sales Representative Sleep Number CorpSales RepresentativePortland, OR$49,000–$57,000 / yearThis is exemplified through our 4,000+ mission-driven team members who passionately innovate to drive value creation through our vertically integrated business model, owning the process from start to finish, including selling in our over 650 stores nationwide. We are committed to maintaining a safe and healthy work environment for all team members that are consistent with CDC guidelines, U.S. Department of Labor's Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), and state/local laws.
Regional Sales Coordinator RDO Equipment CoRegional Sales CoordinatorPortland, OR$65,000–$85,000 / hourCoordinate equipment from order to delivery: Help locate equipment and attachments, place inventory orders, track deliveries, coordinate logistics, and partner with the yard and service teams to keep everything flowing. What You Will Do: Be the engine behind the sales team: Keep the sales process moving from quote to close by supporting Sales Managers and Sales Professionals every step of the way - paperwork, tracking, follow‑ups and all.
Director Technology Sales RxCloudDirector Technology SalesOregonof Prior recent experience in selling services related to Java, QE Services (Digital Assurance), AI/ML Solutions, Cloud & Open Source Technologies involving digital transformations and Migrations. Looking for Director of Technology Sales position with a minimum of 10+ years of experience who is focused in selling software services to Large & Mid-level enterprises.
Lumber Sales Coordinator Parr LumberLumber Sales Coordinatorwarrenton, OR$23.27–$25.51 / hourStrong focus, planning, organizational and time management skills with the ability to manage changing priorities, handle multiple projects, and do what is necessary to meet deadlines, while maintaining a high degree of attention to detail and accuracy. Voted as one of the "Top Places to Work" by the Oregonian for the 3rd year in a row, we offer industry-leading benefits: Everyone starts earning 2 weeks of vacation per year on day 1, and gains an additional day every year worked up to 4 weeks off.
Sales Director - Northwest Region - Animal Health Cencora IncSales Director - Northwest Region - Animal HealthOR$110,500–$220,990 / yearMinimum Skills, Ability and Knowledge Requirements: Foster Innovation and Entrepreneurial Thinking: Recognizes and capitalizes on risk-taking opportunities which have high potential benefits for the company and the customer; understands importance of and looks for potential networks and strategic alliances; generates and/or recognizes imaginative solutions, fresh ideas and new areas to explore; brings a unique and flexible viewpoint to the planning and decision-making process. Know the Customer and the Market: Knows customers in the market territory; keeps up to date on key competitors; understands and is responsive to the needs and expectations of relevant customer segments; establishes effective working relationships with customers to gain respect and loyalty; identifies opportunities presented by changes and shifts in the marketplace.
Manager, Field Sales - AEC Rand Worldwide IncManager, Field Sales - AECPortland, OR$110,000–$120,000 / yearLead, mentor, and grow a high-performing sales team focused on selling IMAGINiT solutions including Autodesk Construction Solutions, Bluebeam, Leica, IP, and Consulting Services. This is a high-impact leadership role focused on developing people, scaling revenue, and driving long-term customer value in the construction industry.
Inside Sales Representative Better Business Bureaus, Inc.Inside Sales RepresentativeORHold meaningful conversations with business owners and key stakeholders that support the BBBs objective of understanding customer challenges while presenting the value of accreditation with the BBB. Conduct routine discovery and qualifying sales inquiries with customers to drive consistent growth in new accredited businesses joining our community.
2026 Management & Sales Training Program (Cascade) Sherwin-Williams Co2026 Management & Sales Training Program (Cascade)Springfield, ORThe wage range listed for this role takes into account the wide range of factors considered in making compensation decisions including skill sets; experience and training; licensure and certifications; and other business and organizational needs. You will grow the company's market share by selling to large, commercial users such as painting contractors, purchasing agents, manufacturers, and other commercial users who need large volumes of our high-quality products.
Sales Development Rep - Owner & Public Sector Trimble IncSales Development Rep - Owner & Public SectorLake Oswego, OR$29–$30 / hourWe are looking for an energetic, results-oriented Sales Development Representative to join our Owner & Public Sector team, where you will lead high-impact conversations and connect prospective buyers with industry-leading solutions that transform how the world builds and operates. You'll work on projects that truly matter: Our purpose-driven culture means you'll be helping to build and deliver solutions that make work faster, safer, and more sustainable for millions of people worldwide.
Territory Sales Manager (Oregon/Western Coast) Ivoclar North AmericaTerritory Sales Manager (Oregon/Western Coast)Salem, OregonThe Territory Sales Manager is responsible for developing new business opportunities, managing existing client relationships within the industry, closing sales, presenting solutions and maintaining long term partnerships that drive revenue growth. The base salary range for this position is $80,000-$100,000 along with a monthly sales incentive and an annual profit participation incentive plus a monthly car allowance.
VP of Sales BlockHiresVP of SalesOregonRemoteOur client is the leading talent acquisition platform that delivers top candidates to enterprises by leveraging the largest community of recruiters and search firms along with its award-winning sourcing technology platform. Prospect large enterprise companies (Fortune 1000), manage sales opportunities, present solutions, provide product demonstration and close sales.
Lumber Contractor Sales Parr LumberLumber Contractor Saleswarrenton, OR$58,522–$74,483 / yearVoted as one of the "Top Places to Work" by the Oregonian for the 3rd year in a row, we offer industry-leading benefits: Everyone starts earning 2 weeks of vacation per year on day 1, and gains an additional day every year worked up to 4 weeks off. Interacts regularly with corporate employees (Central Purchasing Department, Account Management Team, Human Resources Department, and IT Department.)
Distribution & Contractor Sales Manager, Portland, Oregon Job Armstrong World Industries IncDistribution & Contractor Sales Manager, Portland, Oregon JobPortland, ORWe are committed to: Engaging a diverse, purpose-driven workforce; Transforming buildings from structures that shelter into structures that serve and preserve the health and well-being of people and planet; Pursuing sustainable, innovative solutions for spaces where we live, work, learn heal and play; Being a catalyst for change with all of our stakeholders; and. Additionally, the Distribution & Contractor Sales Manager will provide proactive and professional sales assistance to all defined accounts and for all sales, relationships, and customer interactions while expanding customer base and Armstrong footprint in all the spaces we live, learn, heal, and play.
Sales Executive - HR Solutions (Portland/Vancouver/Salem Metro Area) Paychex IncSales Executive - HR Solutions (Portland/Vancouver/Salem Metro Area)Portland, OR$55,000–$145,000 / yearReview client data using Paychex sales tools to prepare for discovery meetings, uncover client needs, and propose Paychex solutions, referring to partners as needed. Participate in weekly team meetings to review strategies, team results, collaborate on best practices, and discuss opportunities to achieve personal and district sales quotas.
Immunology Sales Specialist (Oregon) - Ophthalmology, Neurology Mallinckrodt PharmaceuticalsImmunology Sales Specialist (Oregon) - Ophthalmology, NeurologyPortland, OregonRemote$101,000–$145,000 / yearThe successful candidate will be able to show documented success as a top producer using superior clinical selling skills, while effectively managing their territory operating within all compliance and company policies and procedures, as a results-oriented salesperson, business partner and consultant. Clinical Acumen – Possesses strong clinical and disease state knowledge that enables impactful clinical selling and strong decision making, while showing a deep understanding of the market and customers patients/practice.
Sales Associate Chefs WarehouseSales AssociateBend, ORYou will be responsible for selling our fine products to restaurants, caterers, hotels, and retail establishments by performing the following duties: Growing Revenue: Generate sales through the development of new business opportunities and by expanding relationships with existing accountsBuilding Customer Portfolio: Compile lists of prospective customers for use as sale leads that are based on information from networking, newspapers, business directories, industry ads, trade shows, websites, and other sourcesStaying On The Move: Travel throughout your assigned territory and call on existing and prospective customers to secure ordersShowcasing Our Value: Present our products using samples or catalogs that highlight key features and benefits that fit customer needsSealing The Deal: Quote prices and credit terms to prepare contracts for orders obtainedMaintaining Timelines: Provide estimated date of delivery to customers that is based on knowledge of our production and delivery schedules as well as collect payments from customers in a timely mannerStaying Organized: Maintain detailed records of business transactions, update expense reports, keep internal systems current with customer and sales data, and manage account receivablesConnecting & Teaming Up: Collaborate with inside sales representatives to keep account activities and literature up to dateManaging Inventory Awareness: Track stock levels to align product availability with customer demandBuilding Lasting Relationships: Develop and maintain relationships with purchasing contracts that are rooted in trust and built for long-term collaboration. How To Thrive In This Role: Relevant Experience: 1-2 years of experience in restaurant sales, food sales, professional catering sales, and/or working as a Chef is highly desired and preferredPositive Attitude: High energy, enthusiastic, a strong team player, and motivated to take responsibility and ensure successful outcomes despite obstaclesRelevant Skills: Excellent organizational skills, outstanding verbal and written communication skills used to develop a culture of participation and involvement, and ability to handle and prioritize multiple projects and initiativesSelf-Starter: Eager to ask questions and learn new skills quickly on the jobEducation: College degree desired but not requiredLeader: Able to foster a positive and innovative atmosphere that motivates others to take initiative and go above and beyond to achieve key objectivesData-Driven: Comfortable with gathering facts and figures to monitor individual and team progress in a timely and accurate mannerDetermined: Brings a sense of urgency to our fast-paced environment so that tight deadlines are met with short turnarounds.
Distribution & Contractor Sales Manager Armstrong CeilingsDistribution & Contractor Sales ManagerPortland, ORWe are committed to: Engaging a diverse, purpose-driven workforce; Transforming buildings from structures that shelter into structures that serve and preserve the health and well-being of people and planet; Pursuing sustainable, innovative solutions for spaces where we live, work, learn heal and play; Being a catalyst for change with all of our stakeholders; and. Armstrong World Industries (AWI) is an Americas leader in the design and manufacture of innovative interior and exterior architectural applications including ceilings, specialty walls and exterior metal solutions.
VP of Sales & Marketing, Senior Living GenerationsVP of Sales & Marketing, Senior LivingClackamas, OregonWorking closely with Executive Directors, Regional Operations leaders, and community sales teams, this individual will develop and execute strategies that drive occupancy, increase market awareness, and deliver exceptional customer experiences. You'll join a collaborative, mission-driven organization that values innovation, teamwork, and servant leadership while providing opportunities to grow alongside a company with a proud history and an exciting future.
Account Executive, Direct Sales Ezee FiberAccount Executive, Direct SalesSalem, OregonFull timeAs the face of Ezee Fiber in your territory, you will educate homeowners on the advantages of fiber internet, conduct door-to-door outreach, and build durable relationships across local communities, HOAs/POAs, homebuilders, and property managers—connecting families to one of the fastest-growing fiber networks in the country. Guided by our core values of Integrity, Compassion, Accountability, and Collaboration , we empower our employees to do the right thing, support one another, take ownership of their work, and work together to deliver exceptional experiences for our customers and the communities we serve.
LHH Recruitment Solutions - Sales Executive - Hybrid - Portland, OR Adecco Group A.G.LHH Recruitment Solutions - Sales Executive - Hybrid - Portland, ORPortland, ORWe work closely with candidates to understand their needs and apply our industry expertise to make matches for clients that drive business results. Our ability to dynamically balance your needs with the right Solutions gives both clients and candidates the right fit to achieve success.
Vans: Sales Lead - Stark St. VF CorpVans: Sales Lead - Stark St.Portland, OR$19.30–$23.11 / hourVF is one of the world's largest apparel, footwear and accessories companies connecting people to the lifestyles, activities and experiences they cherish through our family of iconic outdoor, active and workwear brands. As a dedicated and passionate Sales Lead, you will support the store leadership team by ensuring the highest level of customer engagement and sales results are achieved.
Junior Sales Representative R.I.S.E. FinancialJunior Sales RepresentativeOregon City, Oregon$65,000–$85,000 / yearThis is an outside sales position going business to business in your community sharing our incredible supplemental insurance products that offer a unique return of premium feature, to provide our clients peace of mind. At RISE Financial Group, we're seeking driven individuals to join our team as Junior Sales Representatives.
Sales Representative & Field Trainer R.I.S.E. FinancialSales Representative & Field TrainerBend, Oregon$80,000–$110,000 / yearCareer Growth & Mentorship : We are committed to your success, offering clear advancement paths through leadership development programs, ongoing training, and continuous support from experienced sales leaders to help you reach your full potential. Training & Leadership : Prior experience in mentoring or training is preferred, but a strong willingness to learn and grow through coaching is equally valued.
["Sales Executive","Sales Executive"] BridgeTower Media["Sales Executive","Sales Executive"]PortlandMaximize Account Growth (Land & Expand): Strategically identify, expand, and advance opportunities within existing accounts to improve customer revenues through the introduction of new/improved data-driven marketing products and innovative growth tactics. Lead the Sales Process: Own the full sales cycle, from cold outreach and qualification to designing and delivering compelling proposals and presentations that leverage first-party data-driven solutions across digital marketing, event sponsorships and print advertising.
Counter Sales Parr LumberCounter Saleswarrenton, OR$21.02–$25.50 / hourInteracts daily with General Manager, Assistant Manager, Location Supervisor, Operational Inventory Controller (OIC), Contractor Salespeople, delivery people and internal & external customers. Strong focus, planning, organizational and time management skills with the ability to manage changing priorities, handle multiple projects, and do what is necessary to meet deadlines, while maintaining a high degree of attention to detail and accuracy.
Counter Sales Representative Airgas IncCounter Sales RepresentativeGrants Pass, ORThis is evident not only through our competitive compensation but also through a comprehensive benefits package that includes medical, dental, and vision plans, short-term and long-term disability, life and accidental death and dismemberment (AD&D) insurance, Employee Assistance Program (EAP), pre-tax commuter transportation benefit, parental leave, vacation, sick time, floating holidays, jury duty and funeral/bereavement leave, and paid holidays for all eligible full-time employees. Airgas, an Air Liquide company, is a leading U.S. supplier of industrial, medical and specialty gases, as well as hardgoods and related products; one of the largest U.S. suppliers of safety products; and a leading U.S. supplier of ammonia products and process chemicals.
Hospital & Specialty Sales Representative - Portland, OR Azurity Pharmaceuticals - USHospital & Specialty Sales Representative - Portland, ORPortland, ORRemoteAs an industry leader in providing unique, accessible, and high-quality medications, Azurity leverages its integrated capabilities and vast partner network to continually expand its broad commercial product portfolio and robust late-stage pipeline. The company's patient-centric products span the cardiovascular, neurology, endocrinology, gastro-intestinal, institutional, and orphan markets, and have benefited millions of patients.
NewThe North Face: Sales Lead - Lincoln City Outlets VF CorpThe North Face: Sales Lead - Lincoln City OutletsLincoln City, OR$18.05–$22.35 / hourAbility to stand and move throughout the store for extended periods and perform physical tasks such as bending, reaching, squatting, climbing ladders, and lifting light to moderate weight, with or without reasonable accommodation. As a dedicated and passionate Sales Lead, you will support the store leadership team by ensuring the highest level of customer engagement and sales results are achieved.
Vans: Sales Lead - Lincoln City VF CorporationVans: Sales Lead - Lincoln CityLincoln City, OR$18.05–$22.35 / hourAbility to stand and move throughout the store for extended periods and perform physical tasks such as bending, reaching, squatting, climbing ladders, and lifting light to moderate weight, with or without reasonable accommodation. As a dedicated and passionate Sales Lead, you will support the store leadership team by ensuring the highest level of customer engagement and sales results are achieved.
Vans: Sales Lead - Lincoln City VansVans: Sales Lead - Lincoln CityOregonAbility to stand and move throughout the store for extended periods and perform physical tasks such as bending, reaching, squatting, climbing ladders, and lifting light to moderate weight, with or without reasonable accommodation. As a dedicated and passionate Sales Lead, you will support the store leadership team by ensuring the highest level of customer engagement and sales results are achieved.
Sales Professional Alpine Legacy GroupSales ProfessionalBend, OregonYou’ll own your local territory — building relationships with business owners, running meetings, and helping families secure real financial protection. We help protect families, grow leaders, and build careers grounded in hard work, integrity, and ownership.
Territory Manager (Large Agricultural Equipment Sales) Pape' Machinery, IncTerritory Manager (Large Agricultural Equipment Sales)Madras, ORFull timep>Each day, you will spend your time in the field, traveling in a company-provided sales vehicle, meeting face-to-face with customers, and working alongside internal teams to ensure seamless support from purchase to service. With a pulse on market trends and customer needs, you’ll position Pape’ Machinery as the go-to provider for large agricultural equipment solutions while driving growth and expanding market share.
SALES MANAGER Closet Factory IncSALES MANAGERTualatin, OROn-the-Ground Excellence: Provide real-time support by joining your sales team on appointments, offering guidance and expert insights/training to help team members follow an established sales process. Strategic Vision: Partner with owners to craft and execute forward-thinking sales strategies, analyze competitive benchmarks, and enhance our market-leading value propositions.
Regional Vice President, Sales - West/Mountain ScanSource IncRegional Vice President, Sales - West/MountainPortland, OR$250,000–$280,000 / yearInternally frequently engages with our Solutions Engineering Team, Marketing, Sales Operations, Commissions Management, Supplier Management, and our Human Resources team. Company Overview: Intelisys, a ScanSource company (NASDAQ: SCSC) is the industrys leading Technology Services Distributor and has been named North Bay Business Journals "Best Places to Work" for the third time.
Inside Sales Representative Better Business BureauInside Sales RepresentativeOregonHold meaningful conversations with business owners and key stakeholders that support the BBBs objective of understanding customer challenges while presenting the value of accreditation with the BBB. Conduct routine discovery and qualifying sales inquiries with customers to drive consistent growth in new accredited businesses joining our community.
Director, Sales - Americas Central Region Rocket SoftwareDirector, Sales - Americas Central RegionSalem, ORRemote$140,000–$196,000 / yearThis individual will drive the sales activity for the Rocket’s solutions into target client companies by partnering with key Rocket Sales executives, product management, marketing, and other key business executives. + Act as a role model and leader within the sales organization and promote a "can do" culture and positive environment, advise reps on accounts, answer questions, and provide assistance when necessary.
Sales Representative (Portland, OR) Verlagsgruppe Georg von Holtzbrinck GmbHSales Representative (Portland, OR)Portland, OR$60,000–$75,000 / yearPhysical Requirements: Requires periods of close concentration, must be able to multi-task, must be able to walk up to 3 miles a day on campus, must be able to sit/stand for long periods at conventions, must be able to concentrate in noisy/busy environment, and must be able to travel, including ability to drive for periods from 2 to 5 hours, depending upon the territory involved. This role goes beyond traditional product sales-success comes from understanding instructional challenges, aligning Macmillan Learning's solutions (including Achieve) to course goals, and guiding customers through the adoption and implementation process.
Meta Sales Specialist 2020 CompaniesMeta Sales SpecialistPortland, ORAs a long-standing partner with clients in the consumer electronics sector, we provide talent who personally connect with our consumers by inspiring participation, creating a memorable brand experience, and influencing future purchase decisions to form customers forever. Ability to stand, walk around, reach, pick up, bend, grab, up to 20lbs occasionally, with continuous hand/eye coordination and fine manipulation (Accommodations may be made to enable individuals with disabilities to perform the essential functions).