Optical System Engineer III, Amazon Robotics Amazon.com Services LLCOptical System Engineer III, Amazon RoboticsNorth Reading, MAThis is a senior solo contributor role requiring seasoned judgment, strategic thinking, and the ability to self-guide and take point on complex system-level initiatives—from the first customer conversation through architecture definition to a validated, manufacturable product. This role is the primary technical interface between customers and engineering: - You will oversee customer discovery sessions probing beyond stated needs to uncover latent requirements and translate them into quantifiable design goals.
Lead Firmware Engineer GCR Professional ServicesLead Firmware EngineerWoburn, MassachusettsContractorOur clients System Development Division (SDD) is focused on delivering National Defense capabilities by driving mission-focused strategies to develop advanced technology systems enabling enduring products and solutions focused on achieving the customer vision. Applicants are expected to be self-motivated, detail oriented and have a demonstrated ability to effectively communicate with all levels of management and individual contributors on the program team through strong written and verbal communication skills.?.
Principal Radar Systems Engineer GCR Professional ServicesPrincipal Radar Systems EngineerWoburn, MassachusettsContractorClient is focused on delivering National Defense capabilities by driving mission-focused strategies to develop advanced technology systems enabling enduring products and solutions focused on achieving the customer vision. Applicants are expected to be self-motivated, detail oriented and have a demonstrated ability to effectively communicate with all levels of management and individual contributors on the program team through strong written and verbal communication skills.
NewTest Engineer - Aerospace - Boston, MA Michael Page USATest Engineer - Aerospace - Boston, MABoston, MA$130,000–$190,000 / yearFull timeThis Test Engineer position supports the development, execution, and oversight of testing activities for spacecraft hardware and propulsion systems in a hands-on laboratory environment. The role focuses on test development, environmental testing, data collection, troubleshooting, and ensuring flight hardware performs reliably in demanding conditions.
NewSystems Engineer, Junior - TS DCS CorporationSystems Engineer, Junior - TSBedford, MA$73,160–$115,000 / yearThe C2ISR Division provides worldwide life cycle support across the spectrum of the C2ISR capabilities based enterprise; including supply, distribution, materiel management, acquisition, system engineering and maintenance, financial planning and budgeting, security, flight test, and contracting functions. Experienced in requirements development, production and deployment, and operation and support, architectures development & implementation, modeling & simulation including but not limited to Model Based Systems Engineering principles, verification & validation, technical data package development and sustainment, and principles of configuration management.
GNC SYSTEMS ANALYST ENGINEER GCR Professional ServicesGNC SYSTEMS ANALYST ENGINEERCambridgeContractorTime domain simulations, covariance-based methods, and Monte Carlo dispersed analysis will be used to assess and tune system performance and to document analysis results. The analysis will include assessment of control, navigation, and guidance system performance, verification of algorithms and algorithm requirements, and analysis of flight dynamics and trajectory dispersions.
System Test Engineer CollaberaSystem Test EngineerTewksbury$55–$60 / hourTemporaryContractorThe contractor will support hands-on testing in a system test lab/integration test environment and will work with airport checkpoint screening equipment, test workstations, software applications, and related system components. This role will help ensure that checkpoint systems, subsystems, software, hardware, and integrated workflows meet functional, performance, reliability, and operational requirements.
General/Interdisciplinary Engineer, Senior - Secret DCS CorporationGeneral/Interdisciplinary Engineer, Senior - SecretBedford, MA$90,220–$170,000 / yearConduct systems architectural analyses to include system design/design feasibility and state-of-the-art assessment to Produce architectures, document planned and existing systems, determine deficiencies, develop alternatives, recommend solutions, and support development of a plan to implement the chosen solution per acquisition and sustainment system engineering processes. Analysis of Alternatives (AoA), Systems Engineering Plan (SEP)…), systems review and analysis with written reporting, briefing, and artifact development as required for all of the technical specialty areas defined in this section; and the planning and execution of all necessary technical reviews, assessments, and interchange meetings (e.g.
Electrical Systems Engineer Vaco LLCElectrical Systems EngineerLawrence, MA$114,000–$230,000 / yearDetermining compensation for this role (and others) at Vaco by Highspring depends upon a wide array of factors including but not limited to: the individual’s skill sets, experience and training; licensure and certification requirements; office location and other geographic considerations; other business and organizational needs. Determining compensation for this role (and others) at Vaco/Highspring depends upon a wide array of factors including but not limited to the individual’s skill sets, experience and training, licensure and certifications, office location and other geographic considerations, as well as other business and organizational needs.
NewProject Engineer PlanIT GroupProject EngineerChelmsford, MAMaintain and update the Integrated Master Schedule (IMS) for Advanced Test Equipment (ATE) programs; ensuring alignment with milestones and resource plans. • Identifying and driving continuous process improvement initiatives that boost project execution, efficiency, and improve documentation quality.
NewTest Engineer | Propulsion Technologies Michael Page USATest Engineer | Propulsion TechnologiesBoston, MA$140,000–$195,000 / yearFull timeTeam members play a key role in ensuring mission success through the development, testing, and deployment of high-reliability hardware designed to perform in the harsh conditions of space. This position requires hands-on involvement in test execution, troubleshooting, data acquisition, and procedure development within a highly technical aerospace environment.
Systems Engineer - Regional Strike Programs The Computer Merchant, LtdSystems Engineer - Regional Strike ProgramsPittsfield, MA$55–$60.09 / hourContractorWhile an hourly range is posted for this position, an eventual hourly rate is determined by a comprehensive salary analysis which considers multiple factors including but not limited to: job-related knowledge, skills and qualifications, education and experience as compared to others in the organization doing substantially similar work, if applicable, and market and business considerations. AI at Work: AI-Assisted Engineering — Ability to leverage generative AI tools to accelerate systems engineering tasks such as requirements analysis, test documentation, design trade studies, and report summarization.
NewRailway Engineer - Remote Teoresi GroupRailway Engineer - RemoteBoston, MARemoteIntegration of onboard and wayside subsystems, including signaling components, sensors, communication interfaces, and control units, into system-level testing environments (e.g., HIL/SIL). At Teoresi, we specialize in supporting companies in creating projects using cutting-edge technologies such as self-driving cars and nanotechnology for the medical field.
Software Engineer II, Autonomy Behaviors Shield AISoftware Engineer II, Autonomy BehaviorsBoston, MAThe team is responsible for developing autonomous behaviors within Shield AI’s industry-leading mission autonomy software stack and deploying them across a breadth of platforms, including the Anduril Fury, Northrup Grumman Talon, Shield AI V-Bat, and other first and third-party autonomous vehicles. The Autonomy Capabilities team at Shield AI has assembled a diverse team of experts in software, robotics, control systems, optimization, and data analysis to create software solutions that greatly evolve the capabilities of our customers.
Senior Electrical Engineer - Industrial - Danvers, MA Michael Page USASenior Electrical Engineer - Industrial - Danvers, MADanvers, MA$125,000–$180,000 / yearFull timeMy client is a global technology leader in semiconductor manufacturing equipment, providing innovative solutions that enable the production of advanced chips used in consumer electronics, automotive applications, communications, and industrial technologies. The Senior Electrical Engineer is responsible for the design, development, and support of complex electrical and electromechanical systems used in advanced semiconductor manufacturing equipment.
Senior Engineer, Software Embedded Applications Shield AISenior Engineer, Software Embedded ApplicationsBoston, MAThe Embedded Software Engineer works with in a high pace environment with a cross-functional team of program stakeholders, electrical engineers, Guidance, Navigation and Controls (GNC) engineers, systems engineers, test engineers and the autonomy team, to design and develop software systems which utilize modern aerospace sensors, state-of-the-art UAV avionics. We are seeking for skilled, experienced embedded software engineers with relevant experience in C++ in embedded systems to join our X-BAT Embedded Software Team focused on developing complex avionics software that merges hardware and embedded applications for cutting-edge Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV).
Staff Software Engineer, Autonomy Behaviors Shield AIStaff Software Engineer, Autonomy BehaviorsBoston, MAUtilize your software and systems expertise to architect behaviors as scalable software subsystems, that may interact directly or indirectly with a breadth of system components (e.g., sensor processing, state estimation, peer-to-peer communications, contingency management, actuation, and payload interfacing). The team is responsible for developing autonomous behaviors within Shield AI’s industry-leading mission autonomy software stack and deploying them across a breadth of platforms, including the Anduril Fury, Northrup Grumman Talon, Shield AI V-Bat, and other first- and third-party autonomous vehicles.
Spinal Instruments Development Engineer - Watertown, MA Michael Page USASpinal Instruments Development Engineer - Watertown, MAWatertown, MA$100,000–$130,000 / yearFull timeThe Spinal Implant Instruments Development Engineer will play a key role in designing and developing innovative spinal implant instruments within the medical industry. Design complete spinal instrument systems for procedures, including trials, inserters, distractors, reduction tools, and minimally invasive workflows.
ASIC Design and Verification Engineer - AI Analog DevicesASIC Design and Verification Engineer - AIWilmington, MassachusettsSVV is responsible for developing, adopting, and supporting tools, methodologies, and solutions across the entire design verification landscape - including Unified Metric-Driven Verification (MDV), System Verilog (SV)/UVM-based methodologies, Mixed-Signal DV, Post-Silicon Validation Shift-Left, Formal Verification, Functional Safety, Security, Portable Stimulus, and Emulation/Prototyping technologies. In this role, you will leverage your knowledge in Integrated Circuit (IC) design and verification with working knowledge of AI/ML to develop, integrate, deploy, and support best-in-class Agentic AI solutions including custom instructions, skills and automation scripts.
6J7MI4-Software Engineer-Test & Verification 4 - 6J9-Test & Verification Lancesoft6J7MI4-Software Engineer-Test & Verification 4 - 6J9-Test & VerificationCambridge, MA$65The role involves designing, configuring, and executing software test plans, developing automated test scripts, and collaborating with cross-functional teams to ensure quality and reliability of software systems in an aerospace environment. Seeking Senior Test & Verification Engineer to provide engineering support for software initiatives involving CI/CD pipelines, AI tools, and Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) testing.
NewSenior UVM Digital Verification Engineer The Charles Stark Draper LaboratorySenior UVM Digital Verification EngineerCambridge, MassachusettsDraper supports many programs to improve work-life balance including workplace flexibility, employee clubs ranging from photography to yoga, health and finance workshops, off site social events and discounts to local museums and cultural activities. • Ability to present results that support system-level analysis, performance trade-offs, and decision-making is critical, thus communications and interpersonal skills are highly valued in this role.
RF Test and Verification Engineer Teradyne IncRF Test and Verification EngineerMA$81,600–$130,500 / yearBenefits: Teradyne offers a variety of robust health and well-being benefit programs, including medical, dental, vision, Flexible Spending Accounts, retirement savings plans, life and disability insurance, paid vacation & holidays, tuition assistance programs, and more. We attract, develop, and retain a high-performance workforce, comprised of people with diverse backgrounds and a shared drive for excellence.
Embedded System Verification Engineer - Medical Devices Capgemini SEEmbedded System Verification Engineer - Medical DevicesBurlington, MA$68,911–$161,544 / yearIt delivers end-to-end services and solutions leveraging strengths from strategy and design to engineering, all fueled by its market leading capabilities in AI, generative AI, cloud and data, combined with its deep industry expertise and partner ecosystem. Important Notice: Compensation (including bonuses, commissions, or other forms of incentive pay) is not considered earned, vested, or payable until it becomes due under the terms of applicable plans or agreements and is subject to Capgemini's discretion, consistent with applicable laws.
Product/Hardware Verification Engineer Artech LLCProduct/Hardware Verification EngineerNorth Reading, MA$50–$65 / hourIn this role you will be responsible for developing test concepts, custom test hardware, and product test software to verify both the functionality and performance of our new innovative products. As a member of the product development team, you will integrate across all development functions (HW, SW, Firmware etc.) to successfully bring our new products to market.
Product Verification Engineer Artech LLCProduct Verification EngineerNorth Reading, MA$50–$60 / hourIn this role you will be responsible for developing test concepts, methodologies, custom test hardware, and product test software to verify both the functionality and performance of our new innovative products. Responsibilities: Development of RF focused automated test concepts and methodologies to support the measurement capabilities and accuracies required to verify the functionality and performance of our new RF instrumentation products.
Staff Engineer, Design Verification Engineering Analog Devices IncStaff Engineer, Design Verification EngineeringWilmington, MA$171,787–$209,715 / yearRequirements: Must have a Master's degree in Computer Science, Computer Engineering, Electrical Engineering, Electronic Engineering, or closely related technical field (willing to accept foreign education equivalent) and four (4) years of experience as a Design Verification Engineer or related occupation performing IC design or validation. In the alternative, a Bachelor's degree in Computer Science, Computer Engineering, Electrical Engineering, Electronic Engineering, or closely related technical field (willing to accept foreign education equivalent) and six (6) years of experience as a Design Verification Engineer or related occupation performing IC design or validation.
Embedded Software Verification Engineer - Surgical Robotics PhilipsEmbedded Software Verification Engineer - Surgical RoboticsCambridge, MA$114,000–$182,000 / yearDesign, automate, and execute tests for software running on Linux/RTOS-based compute platforms that interact with motors, sensors, actuators, controllers, and other hardware through device interfaces and control applications. The actual base pay offered may vary within the posted ranges depending on multiple factors including job-related knowledge/skills, experience, business needs, geographical location, and internal equity.
Design Verification Engineer - Viasat Government ViaSat IncDesign Verification Engineer - Viasat GovernmentMarlborough, MA$144,500–$216,500 / yearOwn the verification of custom RTL blocks, subsystems, and full FPGA-level functionality\n Work with RTL design engineers and system architects to define verification plans based on system specifications, design goals, and use cases\n Develop and maintain verification environment in SystemVerilog/UVM including constrained-random, directed, and system-level testbenches\n Develop and maintain stimulus generators, drivers, monitors, scoreboards, sequences, and model predictors for a variety of interfaces\n Work closely with RTL design engineers to triage and resolve bugs, owning and driving technical issues to resolution\n Collect and report code and functional coverage\n* Maintain regular simulation regressions\n\n. For specific work locations within San Jose, the San Francisco Bay area and New York City metropolitan area, the base pay range for this role is $144,500.00- $216,500.00/ annually \n \nAt Viasat, we consider many factors when it comes to compensation, including the scope of the position as well as your background and experience.
Hardware Verification Engineer - Electro-Optic Links Lightmatter IncHardware Verification Engineer - Electro-Optic LinksBoston, MA$195,000–$250,000 / yearThe company invented the world's first 3D-stacked photonics engine, Passage, capable of connecting thousands to millions of processors at the speed of light in extreme-scale data centers for the most advanced AI and HPC workloads. Deep expertise in 56G/112G/224G+ serial links, SerDes equalization (CTLE/FFE/DFE), and signal integrity (S-parameters, crosstalk, link budgets).
ASIC/FPGA Design Verification Engineer (Teradyne, N. Reading, MA) Teradyne IncASIC/FPGA Design Verification Engineer (Teradyne, N. Reading, MA)MA$98,700–$157,900 / yearThe primary focus of this role is FPGA verification, working closely with cross‑functional teams to deliver high‑quality, robust designs. Benefits: Teradyne offers a variety of robust health and well-being benefit programs, including medical, dental, vision, Flexible Spending Accounts, retirement savings plans, life and disability insurance, paid vacation & holidays, tuition assistance programs, and more.
Principal Firmware Verification Engineer - UVM (Onsite) RTXPrincipal Firmware Verification Engineer - UVM (Onsite)Marlborough, MassachusettsAs a Principal Firmware Verification Engineer , you will play a key role on an Integrated Program Team (IPT), developing sophisticated verification solutions for complex digital systems including Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs), Systems on Chip (SoCs), and Complex Programmable Logic Devices (CPLDs). Collins Aerospace, an RTX company, is seeking talented engineers to support critical programs for the U.S. military and allied international partners, helping deliver advanced technologies that safeguard national security and protect against evolving global threats.
SoC/ASIC Design Verification Engineer zeroRISCSoC/ASIC Design Verification EngineerBoston, MassachusettszeroRISC zeroRISC is redefining chip security and supply chain integrity by empowering device owners and operators in crucial sectors like silicon production, IoT, and critical infrastructure with full device ownership, control, and visibility. Ensure design functionality while upholding stringent timelines in collaboration with architecture, design, software, system, and silicon validation teams as well as engineering program managers.
Hardware Verification Engineer Artech LLCHardware Verification EngineerNorth Reading, MA$80–$95 / hourLead cross functional investigations by using functional and performance test results to identify, isolate, and resolve complex integration, interoperability, and performance issues across hardware, firmware, and software teams. Highly proficient with high-speed test equipment, including high-speed oscilloscopes, BERTs, and related instrumentation; experience with Teradyne ATE is a plus.
Software Verification & Validation Engineer GTTSoftware Verification & Validation EngineerMarlborough, MAThe engineer collaborates closely with cross-functional teams to deliver safe, reliable, and compliant software solutions. GTT is a minority-owned staffing firm and a subsidiary of Chenega Corporation, a Native American-owned company in Alaska.
Senior Design Verification Engineer HPRSenior Design Verification EngineerNeedham, MassachusettsHPR is a leading provider of high-performance and ultra-low latency electronic trading and capital markets infrastructure solutions offered as a managed service. As we continue to innovate and grow, we’re searching for a forward-thinking Senior Design Verification Engineer to help us build the future of capital markets infrastructure.
Design Verification Engineer, Intern Tenstorrent UniversityDesign Verification Engineer, InternBoston, MassachusettsDevelop constrained‑random and directed tests , run regressions, and triage failures by working closely with RTL designers to root-cause issues. As the position offered will have direct and/or indirect access to information, systems, or technologies subject to these laws, the offer may be contingent upon your citizenship/permanent residency status or ability to obtain prior license approval from the U.S. Commerce Department or applicable federal agency.
Principal Firmware Verification Engineer - UVM (Onsite) RTX CorpPrincipal Firmware Verification Engineer - UVM (Onsite)Marlborough, MAAs a Principal Firmware Verification Engineer, you will play a key role on an Integrated Program Team (IPT), developing sophisticated verification solutions for complex digital systems including Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs), Systems on Chip (SoCs), and Complex Programmable Logic Devices (CPLDs). Collins Aerospace, an RTX company, is seeking talented engineers to support critical programs for the U.S. military and allied international partners, helping deliver advanced technologies that safeguard national security and protect against evolving global threats.
Design Verification Engineer Apple IncDesign Verification EngineerWaltham, MAJoining SOC DV allows you to focus deeply on one main IP or expand your breadth as you work on a collection of subsystems. You will actively communicate and collaborate with design, architecture and software to understand the use cases and corner conditions and drive test cases.
System Verification Engineer - Lead eTeam Inc.System Verification Engineer - LeadWaltham, MA$35–$42 / hourExperience of system verification (working in Lab) of electro-mechanical products, mixed Hardware & software systems – at least one full cycle starting from understanding of product requirement till system verification. Defines and analyzes system requirements, clinical workflows, and input/output processes by using current systems engineering methods and technologies.
CPU Design Verification Engineer Apple IncCPU Design Verification EngineerCambridge, MADevelop checkers and SystemVerilog or C-base transactors to verify the designMinimum BS and 3+ years of relevant industry experience Academic and industry experience in CPU architecture Academic and industry experience in digital logic design, chip architecture and microarchitecture Programming experience in at least one of the following languages: C, C++, or SystemVerilog Experience with at least one of the following: developing testplans/testbenches, C-based transactors, or writing/debugging testsBachelor of Science or Engineering in Electrical Engineering, Computer Engineering, or Computer Science Experience with advanced verification techniques Should be a great teammate with excellent communication skills and be able to work independently on the verification efforts for a block/area of the design. As a CPU Design Verification Engineer owning the verification of a certain area of functionality in a CPU design, you will have the responsibilities as follows: Work closely with architecture and RTL designers on verifying the functional correctness of the design.
GPU Verification Engineer - New College Grad 2026 NVIDIA CorpGPU Verification Engineer - New College Grad 2026Westford, MAThis position offers the opportunity to have real impact in a progressive, technology-focused company impacting product lines ranging from consumer graphics to self-driving cars and the growing field of artificial intelligence. What You'll Be Doing: As a member of the GPU verification team, you will be responsible for verifying the ASIC design, architecture and micro-architecture of NVIDIA GPUs and SoCs using sophisticated verification methodologies.
Senior ASIC Verification Engineer, Coherent High Speed Interconnect NVIDIA CorpSenior ASIC Verification Engineer, Coherent High Speed InterconnectWestford, MAAs a member of our verification team, you'll understand the design & implementation, define the verification scope, develop the verification infrastructure (Testbenches, BFMs, Checkers, Monitors), complete test/coverage plans, and verify the correctness of the design. This position offers the opportunity to have real impact in a multifaceted, technology-focused company impacting product lines ranging from consumer graphics to self-driving cars and the growing field of artificial intelligence.
GPU Verification Engineer NVIDIA CorpGPU Verification EngineerWestford, MAThis position offers the opportunity to have real impact in a progressive, technology-focused company impacting product lines ranging from consumer graphics to self-driving cars and the growing field of artificial intelligence. What You'll Be Doing: As a member of the GPU verification team, you will be responsible for verifying the ASIC design, architecture and micro-architecture of NVIDIA GPUs and SoCs using sophisticated verification methodologies.
Senior Engineer, Design Verification Engineering Analog Devices IncSenior Engineer, Design Verification EngineeringWilmington, MA$134,597–$165,615 / yearRequirements: Must have a Master's degree in Computer Science, Computer Engineering, Electrical Engineering, Electronic Engineering, or closely related technical field (willing to accept foreign education equivalent) and two (2) years of experience as a Design Verification Engineer or related occupation performing IC design or validation. In the alternative, a Bachelor's degree in Computer Science, Computer Engineering, Electrical Engineering, Electronic Engineering, or closely related technical field (willing to accept foreign education equivalent) and four (4) years of experience as a Design Verification Engineer or related occupation performing IC design or validation.
GPU Design Verification Engineer Qualcomm IncGPU Design Verification EngineerMA$161,800–$273,400 / yearMinimum Qualifications: Bachelor''s degree in Computer Engineering, Computer Science, Electrical Engineering, or related field and 4+ years of Software Engineering, Hardware Engineering, Systems Engineering, or related work experience. Master''s degree in Computer Engineering, Computer Science, Electrical Engineering, or related field and 3+ years of Software Engineering, Hardware Engineering, Systems Engineering, or related work experience.
NewSenior Formal Verification Engineer NVIDIASenior Formal Verification EngineerWestford, CaliforniaYou will employ advanced formal techniques to obtain sufficiently bounded proofs while working with architects, designers, and pre- & post-silicon verification teams to accomplish your tasks. You will collaborate with a team of highly skilled engineers to develop and implement formal verification methodologies using formal verification tools, define the verification scope, and ensure design correctness.
Senior Memory Controller Verification Engineer NVIDIA CorpSenior Memory Controller Verification EngineerWestford, MAIn this position, you will partner with the design and architecture teams to help make the right implementation choices, craft and implement verification test plans, maintain regressions, close coverage and sign off design or both functional correctness and for meeting performance expectations. At NVIDIA, we have crafted a team of outstanding people stretching around the globe, whose mission is to push the frontiers of what is possible today and define the platform for the future of computing.
Principal Systems Engineer, Systems Verification Engineer Onsite RTXPrincipal Systems Engineer, Systems Verification Engineer OnsiteWoburn, MassachusettsActive and existing security clearance required on day 1 At RTX, the world’s largest aerospace and defense company, 185,000 great minds are united by purpose and inspired to make a difference solving the world’s most complex problems. Experience compiling, summarizing, and presenting data analysis to internal and external stakeholders, including program leadership and external customers and collaborating across engineering functions to drive performance and resolve issues.
Senior Electrical Engineer-FPGA Verification RTXSenior Electrical Engineer-FPGA VerificationMarlborough, MassachusettsActive and existing security clearance required after day 1 At RTX, the world largest aerospace and defense company, 185,000 great minds are united by purpose and inspired to make a difference solving the world’s most complex problems. As part of our commitment to maintaining a secure hiring process, candidates may be asked to attend select steps of the interview process in-person at one of our office locations, regardless of whether the role is designated as on-site, hybrid or remote.
Principal Electrical Engineer-FPGA Verification RTXPrincipal Electrical Engineer-FPGA VerificationTewksbury, MassachusettsActive and existing security clearance required after day 1 At RTX, the world largest aerospace and defense company, 185,000 great minds are united by purpose and inspired to make a difference solving the world’s most complex problems. As part of our commitment to maintaining a secure hiring process, candidates may be asked to attend select steps of the interview process in-person at one of our office locations, regardless of whether the role is designated as on-site, hybrid or remote.