NewGeneral Engineer ExelonGeneral EngineerMassey, MD$92,000–$126,500Develops studies, plans, criteria, specifications, calculations, evaluations, design documents, performance assessments, integrated systems analysis, cost estimates, budgets, associated with the planning, design, licensing, construction, commissioning, operation, and maintenance of Exelon's electric generation, transmission, distribution, gas and telecommunication facilities/systems. (4) Career related experiences is defined as changes in technical job responsibilities and does not have to include a change in department Note: Items (1) and (3) are mutually inclusive, whereby the maximum experience requirement reduction is one(1) year (e.g., in the case of an employee with both a master's degree in Engineering AND a PE license, the minimum experience requirement would be reduced by one (1) year).
Senior Systems Engineer LeidosSenior Systems EngineerLaurel, MD$131,300–$237,350This may include decomposing features into workable stories, prioritizing or reprioritizing items in the backlog for upcoming sprints, refining acceptance criteria and complexity estimates or removing tickets that are no longer relevant. Leidos has an exciting opening for you, as our next TS/SCI cleared Senior Systems Engineer, to play a critical role with design, engineering, development and deployment of software supporting the DIA-NMEC (National Media Exploitation Center) DOMEX Technology Platform (DTP).
Endpoint Engineer LeidosEndpoint EngineerBowie, MD$87,100–$157,450Ensure proper OS images are deployed to all endpoint devises, test and manage software updates, ensure appropriate and enforce security policies (EDR/AV), and automate workflows to ensure stable, compliant, and efficient computing environments for endpoint migrations. The Defense Enclave Services contract will unify the DoD Fourth Estate Defense Agencies and Field Activities’ (DAFAs) common use information technology systems, personnel, functions, and program elements under the direction of DISA’s Fourth Estate Network Optimization program office.
Systems Engineer LeidosSystems EngineerFrederick, MD$131,300–$237,350This may include decomposing features into workable stories, prioritizing or reprioritizing items in the backlog for upcoming sprints, refining acceptance criteria and complexity estimates or removing tickets that are no longer relevant. Leidos has an exciting opening for you, as our next TS/SCI cleared Systems Engineer, to play a critical role with design, engineering, development and deployment of software supporting the DIA-NMEC (National Media Exploitation Center) DOMEX Technology Platform (DTP).
Data Storage Engineer LeidosData Storage EngineerPoolesville, MD$107,900–$195,050If you received an email purporting to be from Leidos that asks for payment-related information or any other personal information (e.g., about you or your previous employer), and you are concerned about its legitimacy, please make us aware immediately by emailing us at LeidosCareersFraud@leidos.com. Extensive experience administering enterprise-level data storage systems (Dell Storage Center, Dell Compellent, and Data Domain preferred) with a demonstrated understanding of the following services and technologies.
Senior Network Engineer LeidosSenior Network EngineerAccokeek, MD$107,900–$195,050The Senior Systems Engineer will provide technical leadership and support in the areas of IT planning, solution specification/design, implementation and target architecture development for the AFNCR Consolidated Communication Center (CCC). If you received an email purporting to be from Leidos that asks for payment-related information or any other personal information (e.g., about you or your previous employer), and you are concerned about its legitimacy, please make us aware immediately by emailing us at LeidosCareersFraud@leidos.com.
Model-Based Systems Engineer LeidosModel-Based Systems EngineerRockville, MD$69,550–$125,725Bachelor’s degree in engineering or related field with 2+ years of prior relevant experience or a master’s degree with at least a year experience in one of these areas: systems engineering, software engineering, test engineering or related field. March 30, 2026For U.S. Positions: While subject to change based on business needs, Leidos reasonably anticipates that this job requisition will remain open for at least 3 days with an anticipated close date of no earlier than 3 days after the original posting date as listed above.
Systems Integration Engineer LeidosSystems Integration EngineerMount Airy, MD$87,100–$157,450TFDM program is a Federal Aviation Administration’s (FAA) NextGen program based on airport surface management provides that efficiencies for both the airport surface and terminal airspace by providing a new and comprehensive integrated surface traffic control and management system. June 25, 2026For U.S. Positions: While subject to change based on business needs, Leidos reasonably anticipates that this job requisition will remain open for at least 3 days with an anticipated close date of no earlier than 3 days after the original posting date as listed above.
Lead Systems Integration Engineer LeidosLead Systems Integration EngineerFrederick, MD$87,100–$157,450TFDM program is a Federal Aviation Administration’s (FAA) NextGen program based on airport surface management provides that efficiencies for both the airport surface and terminal airspace by providing a new and comprehensive integrated surface traffic control and management system. June 3, 2026For U.S. Positions: While subject to change based on business needs, Leidos reasonably anticipates that this job requisition will remain open for at least 3 days with an anticipated close date of no earlier than 3 days after the original posting date as listed above.
NewSr Substation Engineer - BGE Trans & Substation Baltimore Gas and Electric CompanySr Substation Engineer - BGE Trans & SubstationBALTIMORE, MD$103,200–$141,900We are a Fortune 200 company, 20,000 colleagues strong serving more than 10.7 million customers at six energy companies -- Atlantic City Electric (ACE), Baltimore Gas and Electric (BGE), Commonwealth Edison (ComEd), Delmarva Power & Light (DPL), PECO Energy Company (PECO), and Potomac Electric Power Company (Pepco). Note: Items (1) and (3) are mutually inclusive, whereby the maximum experience requirement reduction is one (1) year (e.g., in the case of an employee with both a Master’s degree in Engineering AND a PE license, the minimum experience requirement would be reduced by one (1) year).
M365 Engineer LeidosM365 EngineerBethesda, MD$107,900–$195,050Engineer, administer, and provide lifecycle support for Microsoft 365 (government community cloud (GCC) services including but not limited to: Entra ID (Azure AD), Exchange Online, Intune, Teams, Power Platform, Purview. Leidos Dig Mod Health IT division is seeking a skilled and collaborative M365 Engineer to support the HHS enterprise by managing all aspects of Microsoft 365 Government Community Cloud (GCC) Software as a Service (SAAS) offering.
Solution Architect / Engineer LeidosSolution Architect / EngineerCheltenham, MD$131,300–$237,350This role combines high level architectural design with deep technical implementation, requiring an individual who can define target-state architectures, build and optimize solutions, and guide modernization across hybrid and multi cloud environments. Proven hands-on experience designing and implementing solutions across hybrid/multi-cloud environments (AWS and Azure strongly preferred), on-premises data centers, virtualization platforms, and containerized workloads (e.g., Kubernetes/Docker).
Senior Hardware/Software Design Engineer (HSDE-3) Leidos Holdings IncSenior Hardware/Software Design Engineer (HSDE-3)MD$131,300–$237,350 / yearTechnical Proficiency: Strong experience required for FPGA coding, Digital Signal Processing theory & application, Interfacing FPGA code with existing code bases and software; Knowledge of signal processing blocks and related DSP components, Linux OS, coding ability in C and C++. Seeking an experienced senior HW/SW Design Engineer to join a small team to design, develop, construct, and test electronic hardware (FPGA) and software processing components for subsystems supporting RF communication and collection systems.
NewSenior Hardware/Software Design Engineer Que Technology GroupSenior Hardware/Software Design EngineerAnnapolis JunctionQue Technology Group, Inc., is seeking an experienced senior hardware/software design engineer to join a small team to design, develop, construct, and test electronic hardware (FPGA) and software processing components for subsystems supporting RF communication and collection systems. The contractor will lead technical design efforts, implement DSP algorithms and associated technical components in FPGA hardware, integrate with existing Linux code bases, bridge FPGA to software stack connection, plus document those efforts.
Hardware/Software Design Engineer Amentum Services IncHardware/Software Design EngineerAnnapolis Junction, MD$150,000–$200,000 / yearMinimum Requirements (Knowledge, Skills, and Abilities): Strong experience required for FPGA coding, Digital Signal Processing theory & application, Interfacing FPGA code with existing code bases and software; Knowledge of signal processing blocks and related DSP components, Linux OS, coding ability in C and C++. Purpose and Impact: Amentum Seeking an experienced senior HW/SW Design Engineer to join a small team to design, develop, construct, and test electronic hardware (FPGA) and software processing components for subsystems supporting RF communication and collection systems.
NewSenior Hardware/Software Design Engineer (HSDE-3) LeidosSenior Hardware/Software Design Engineer (HSDE-3)Annapolis Junction, MarylandTechnical Proficiency : Strong experience required for FPGA coding, Digital Signal Processing theory & application, Interfacing FPGA code with existing code bases and software; Knowledge of signal processing blocks and related DSP components, Linux OS, coding ability in C and C++. Seeking an experienced senior HW/SW Design Engineer to join a small team to design, develop, construct, and test electronic hardware (FPGA) and software processing components for subsystems supporting RF communication and collection systems.
Hardware/Software Design Engineer (Senior) – FULLY CLEARED with POLYGRAPH REQUIRED Constellation TechnologiesHardware/Software Design Engineer (Senior) – FULLY CLEARED with POLYGRAPH REQUIREDFort Meade, MarylandThe benefits package: • Affordable healthcare options with 80% employer paid premium PLUS a company-funded HSA • Comprehensive Dental insurance • Vision with 80% employer paid premium • Employer paid Life insurance 100% • Employer paid Short-term and Long-term disability 100% • Annual training, continued education, and professional memberships reimbursement • Unlimited access to Red Hat Enterprise Linux and AWS training and accreditation • Annual reimbursement for technology i.e. phones, computers, printers, etc. The benefits package: • Affordable healthcare options with 80% employer paid premium PLUS a company-funded HSA • Comprehensive Dental insurance • Vision with 80% employer paid premium • Employer paid Life insurance 100% • Employer paid Short-term and Long-term disability 100% • Annual training, continued education, and professional memberships reimbursement • Unlimited access to Red Hat Enterprise Linux and AWS training and accreditation • Annual reimbursement for technology i.e. phones, computers, printers, etc.
NewEnterprise - Software Engineer - Design, Debug, Integrate Erias VenturesEnterprise - Software Engineer - Design, Debug, IntegrateAnnapolis JunctionProvides specific input to the software components of system design to include hardware/software trade-offs, software reuse, use of Commercial Off-the-shelf (COTS)/Government Off-the-shelf (GOTS) in place of new development, and requirements analysis and synthesis from system level to individual software components. We are seeking a Software Engineer who develops, maintains, and enhances complex and diverse software systems (e.g., processing-intensive analytics, novel algorithm development, manipulation of extremely large data sets, real-time systems, and business management information systems) based upon documented requirements.
NewEnterprise - Software Engineer - Design, Test, Debug Erias VenturesEnterprise - Software Engineer - Design, Test, DebugAnnapolis JunctionWe are seeking a Software Engineer who develops, maintains, and enhances complex and diverse software systems (e.g., processing-intensive analytics, novel algorithm development, manipulation of extremely large data sets, real-time systems, and business management information systems) based upon documented requirements. Provides specific input to the software components of system design to include hardware/software tradeoffs, software reuse, use of Commercial Off-the-shelf (COTS)/Government Off-the-shelf (GOTS) in place of new development, and requirements analysis and synthesis from system level to individual software components.
Design Assurance Engineer JBL ResourcesDesign Assurance EngineerElkton, MDJBL Resources is proud to have earned the reputation of being a premier provider of top talent professionals in the fields of engineering, human resources, logistics, operations, and supply chain management. Leading Risk Management activities, including authoring risk management plans and reports, facilitating FMEA sessions, and ensuring risk assessments occur at appropriate project phases.
Software Engineer, Level 1 (AE26031616) Advantage Engineering & IT Solutions IncSoftware Engineer, Level 1 (AE26031616)Hanover, MDRemoteFull timeDesign, develop and modify software systems, using scientific analysis and mathematical models to predict and measure outcome and consequences of design. Seven (7) years experience as a Software Engineer (SWE), in programs and contracts of similar scope, type, and complexity is required.
Software Engineer 1-BY-LOP-03 Onyx PointSoftware Engineer 1-BY-LOP-03Hanover, MarylandCloud Experience: Shall have demonstrated work experience with distributed scalable Big Data Store (NoSQL) such as Hbase, CloudBase/Accumulo, Big Table, etc. - Design, develop and modify software systems, using scientific analysis and mathematical models to predict and measure outcome and consequences of design.
NewSoftware Engineer Level 1 -FFPP-8876 Onyx PointSoftware Engineer Level 1 -FFPP-8876Hanover, MarylandCloud Experience: Shall have demonstrated work experience with distributed scalable Big Data Store (NoSQL) such as Hbase, CloudBase/Accumulo, Big Table, etc. - Design, develop and modify software systems, using scientific analysis and mathematical models to predict and measure outcome and consequences of design.
Radio Frequency Software Engineer III VTGRadio Frequency Software Engineer IIIHanover, MarylandFull timeOverview: As a Radio Frequency Software Developer III supporting mission-essential national security initiatives, you will design, develop, integrate, and maintain secure, high-performance software solutions that enable critical intelligence, defense, and operational missions. Design, develop and modify software systems, using scientific analysis and mathematical models to predict and measure outcome and consequences of design.
Software Engineer 1-INCA-70 Onyx PointSoftware Engineer 1-INCA-70Hanover, MarylandCloud Experience: Shall have demonstrated work experience with distributed scalable Big Data Store (NoSQL) such as Hbase, CloudBase/Accumulo, Big Table, etc. - Design, develop and modify software systems, using scientific analysis and mathematical models to predict and measure outcome and consequences of design.
Radio Frequency Software Engineer I VTGRadio Frequency Software Engineer IHanover, MarylandFull timeOverview: As an Associate Radio Frequency Software Developer supporting mission-essential national security initiatives, you will design, develop, integrate, and maintain secure, high-performance software solutions that enable critical intelligence, defense, and operational missions. Design, develop and modify software systems, using scientific analysis and mathematical models to predict and measure outcome and consequences of design.
Senior Signals Software Engineer - 25k Sign on Bonus Leidos Holdings IncSenior Signals Software Engineer - 25k Sign on BonusMD$131,300–$237,350 / yearSeven (7) years' experience as a SSWE or equivalent on a project with a focus on Radio Frequency (RF) to include experience with Fourier transforms, filtering, communications theory, digital modulation, error control coding, signals analysis tools (e.g. Our talented team is at the forefront in Security Engineering, Computer Network Operations (CNO), Mission Software, Analytical Methods and Modeling, Signals Intelligence (SIGINT), and Cryptographic Key Management.
Med - Software Engineer VTGMed - Software EngineerHanover, MarylandFull timeThis position will support a mission-focused customer developing, deploying, and maintaining user facing Command and Control Systems for embedded devices. Design, develop and modify software systems, using scientific analysis and mathematical models to predict and measure outcome and consequences of design.
HPC Software Engineer (AE26021529SE3) Advantage Engineering & IT Solutions IncHPC Software Engineer (AE26021529SE3)Annapolis Junction, MDRemoteFull timeProvides specific input to the software components of system design to include hardware/software trade-offs, software reuse, use of Open-Source Software (OSS) and/or Commercial Off-The-Shelf (COTS)/Government Off-The-Shelf (GOTS) software in place of new development, and requirements analysis and synthesis from system level to individual software components. Bachelor's degree in Math, Computer Engineering, Computer Science, or related discipline from an accredited college or university, plus seven (7) years of experience as an HSE in programs and contracts of similar scope, type, and complexity.
Software Engineer VTGSoftware EngineerHanover, MarylandFull timeDesign, develop and modify software systems, using scientific analysis and mathematical models to predict and measure outcome and consequences of design. Eligible candidates may receive a sign-on bonus of up to $10,000, making this an exceptional opportunity to join a mission-critical team supporting national security initiatives.
Data Scientist / Software Engineer CymertekData Scientist / Software EngineerAnnapolis JunctionData Engineer, Machine Learning Engineer, Software Engineer, Data Analyst, Research Scientist, Artificial Intelligence Engineer, Data Architect, Data Science Developer, Business Intelligence Engineer, Computational Scientist, ect. Computer Science, Data Science, Software Engineering, Artificial Intelligence, Applied Mathematics, Statistics, Information Technology, Computational Science, Electrical Engineering, Machine Learning, ect.
Solar Design Engineer Nenni and AssociatesSolar Design EngineerBaltimore, MarylandOur client, a nationally recognized Energy Services company who is focused on delivering cutting-edge renewable energy and sustainability projects across the country, is seeking an innovative Solar Design Engineer to join their team! This role is ideal for an engineer who’s passionate about the technical design and integration of solar PV systems into high-performance buildings, campuses, and large-scale energy projects.
Software Engineer - Level 2 (Testing Focus) Varite, IncSoftware Engineer - Level 2 (Testing Focus)Columbia, MD$90–$104.22 / hourRequired experience supports software development and full life cycle testing of mission systems including the design, development, and maintenance of test plans, cases, and processes; the creation and maintenance of test environments and automated test capabilities; the performance of Integration & Testing (I&T) and Acceptance Testing; and the reporting and tracking of problems through their resolution. Working knowledge of test automation using Python, performance/load/stress testing, data interface testing, user interface testing, security testing, code coverage tools, and systems integration testing is required.
Software Engineer, Lev 2 (AE26041211SWE2) Advantage Engineering & IT Solutions IncSoftware Engineer, Lev 2 (AE26041211SWE2)Hanover, MDRemoteFull timeDesign, develop and modify software systems, using scientific analysis and mathematical models to predict and measure outcome and consequences of design. Fourteen (14) years experience as a Software Engineer (SWE), in programs and contracts of similar scope, type, and complexity is required.
Software Engineer II (Telework 16 hrs/week) TS/SCI Poly BCT LLCSoftware Engineer II (Telework 16 hrs/week) TS/SCI PolyAnnapolis Junction, MD$145,000–$191,000 / yearProvides specific input to the software components of system design to include hardware/software trade-offs, software reuse, use of Open-Source Software (OSS) and/or Commercial Off-The-Shelf (COTS) Government Off-The-Shelf (GOTS) software in place of new development, and requirements analysis and synthesis from system level to individual software components. These systems might include, but are not limited to, processing intensive analytics, novel algorithm development, manipulation of extremely large data sets, real-time systems, business management information systems, and systems which incorporate data repositories, data transport services, and application and systems development and monitoring.
Mid-Level Software Engineer Fantom CorporationMid-Level Software EngineerHanover, MarylandEstablished in 2015, Fantom Corp serves Federal customers with top-notch Cybersecurity Architects, Data Scientists/Analysts, Software Engineers/Developers, DevSecOps Engineers, Project Managers, Identity, Credential Access Management (ICAM) services, and Cloud-certified practitioners. Fantom Corp is a Software Development, Agile Cloud, Cyber Security (Risk Management, Assessments & Authorization (A&A)), Data, AI Platform (Computer Vision Models), Podcasting Media Services, and IT Services provider.
Software Engineer II ProsyncSoftware Engineer IIAnnapolis Junction, MarylandProvides specific input to the software components of system design to include hardware/software trade-offs, software reuse, use of Open Source Software (OSS) and/or Commercial OffThe-Shelf (COTS) Government Off-The-Shelf (GOTS) software in place of new development, and requirements analysis and synthesis from system level to individual software components. These systems might include, but are not limited to, processing intensive analytics, novel algorithm development, manipulation of extremely large data sets, real-time systems, business management information systems, and systems which incorporate data repositories, data transport services, and application and systems development and monitoring.
Software Engineer 2-901 Onyx PointSoftware Engineer 2-901Hanover, Marylandcomponents of system design to include hardware/software trade-offs, software reuse, use of Commercial Off-the-shelf (COTS)/Government Off-the-shelf (GOTS) in place of new development, and requirements analysis and synthesis from system level to individual software components. The Software Engineer develops, maintains, and enhances complex and diverse software systems (e.g., processing-intensive analytics, novel algorithm development, manipulation of extremely.
Software Engineer Level 2-3 (SF) The Kenjya-Trusant Group , LLCSoftware Engineer Level 2-3 (SF)Annapolis Junction, MD$125,000–$240,000 / yearWorking with the Department of Defense, Department of Homeland Security, the Intelligence Community, state and local governments, and commercial clients, Kenjya-Trusant provides cyber protection, information technology, engineering, construction management and acquisition support services. The Software Engineer develops, maintains, and enhances complex and diverse software systems (e.g., processing-intensive analytics, novel algorithm development, manipulation of extremely large data sets, real-time systems, and business management information systems) based upon documented requirements.
Multiple Software Engineers (Automation Team) Belay TechnologiesMultiple Software Engineers (Automation Team)Annapolis Junction, MDFull timedevelops, maintains, and enhances complex and diverse software systems (e.g., processing-intensive analytics, novel algorithm development, manipulation of extremely large data sets, real- time systems, and business management information systems) based upon documented requirements. Provides specific input to the software components of system design to include hardware/software trade-offs, software reuse, use of COTS/GOTS in place of new development, and requirements analysis and synthesis from system level to individual software components.
Software Engineer III ProsyncSoftware Engineer IIIAnnapolis Junction, MDProvides specific input to the software components of system design to include hardware/software trade-offs, software reuse, use of Open Source Software (OSS) and/or Commercial OffThe-Shelf (COTS) Government Off-The-Shelf (GOTS) software in place of new development, and requirements analysis and synthesis from system level to individual software components. These systems might include, but are not limited to, processing intensive analytics, novel algorithm development, manipulation of extremely large data sets, real-time systems, business management information systems, and systems which incorporate data repositories, data transport services, and application and systems development and monitoring.
Software Engineer IV ProsyncSoftware Engineer IVAnnapolis Junction, MDProvides specific input to the software components of system design to include hardware/software trade-offs, software reuse, use of Open Source Software (OSS) and/or Commercial OffThe-Shelf (COTS) Government Off-The-Shelf (GOTS) software in place of new development, and requirements analysis and synthesis from system level to individual software components. These systems might include, but are not limited to, processing intensive analytics, novel algorithm development, manipulation of extremely large data sets, real-time systems, business management information systems, and systems which incorporate data repositories, data transport services, and application and systems development and monitoring.
Software Engineer SwiftSoftware EngineerAnnapolis JunctionThe Software Engineer develops, maintains, and enhances complex and diverse software systems (e.g., processing-intensive analytics, novel algorithm development, manipulation of extremely large data sets, real[1]time systems, and business management information systems) based upon documented requirements. Provides specific input to the software components of system design to include hardware/software trade-offs, software reuse, use of Commercial Off-the[1]shelf (COTS)/Government Off-the-shelf (GOTS) in place of new development, and requirements analysis and synthesis from system level to individual software components.
Software Engineer Skill Level 3 CACISoftware Engineer Skill Level 3Annapolis Junction, MarylandApplication servers: Node.js, Oracle Weblogic, Oracle Glassfish, JBoss and Apache Tomcat Data interchange formats: JavaScript Object Notation (JSON), Apache Avro, eXtensible Mark-up Language (XML), Structure Threat Intelligence eXpression (STIX). CACI is seeking a software engineer to develop, maintain, and enhance complex and diverse software systems (e.g., processing intensive analytics, novel algorithm development, manipulation of extremely large data sets, real-time systems, and business management information systems) based upon documented requirements.
Software Engineer Skill Level 2 CACISoftware Engineer Skill Level 2Annapolis Junction, MarylandApplication servers: Node.js, Oracle Weblogic, Oracle Glassfish, JBoss and Apache Tomcat Data interchange formats: JavaScript Object Notation (JSON), Apache Avro, eXtensible Mark-up Language (XML), Structure Threat Intelligence eXpression (STIX). CACI is seeking a software engineer to develop, maintain, and enhance complex and diverse software systems (e.g., processing intensive analytics, novel algorithm development, manipulation of extremely large data sets, real-time systems, and business management information systems) based upon documented requirements.
NewPrincipal Software Engineer VTGPrincipal Software EngineerHanover, MarylandFull timeOverview: As a Principal Software Engineer supporting mission-essential national security initiatives, you will design, develop, integrate, and maintain secure, high-performance software solutions that enable critical intelligence, defense, and operational missions. Bachelor’s degree in Computer Science, Software Engineering, Computer Engineering, Electrical Engineering, Mathematics, or a related technical discipline.
NewSenior Software Engineer VTGSenior Software EngineerHanover, MarylandFull timeOverview: As a Senior Software Engineer supporting mission-essential national security initiatives, you will design, develop, integrate, and maintain secure, high-performance software solutions that enable critical intelligence, defense, and operational missions. Collaborate with systems engineers, hardware engineers, signal-processing engineers, and other technical stakeholders to define requirements, interfaces, performance expectations, system capabilities, and project limitations.
NewSenior Software Test Development Engineer VTGSenior Software Test Development EngineerFort Meade, MarylandFull timeOverview: This position will support a mission-focused customer throughout the full life cycle of a Radio Frequency Processing System, including system design, integration, testing, installation, troubleshooting, operations, and sustainment. Bachelor’s degree in Systems Engineering, Electrical Engineering, Computer Engineering, Computer Science, or a related technical discipline.