NewHardware Engineer VersaLogic CorporationHardware EngineerTualatin, ORFull timeTasks include performing feasibility studies, selecting components, writing technical documentation, creating schematics, defining layout guidelines, participating in design reviews, debugging boards and systems, executing tests, and guiding technical resources. VersaLogic's team of high-tech folk design and manufacture high-reliability embedded computer boards for mission-critical applications across aeronautic, defense and medical industries.
NewComponent Engineer VersaLogic CorporationComponent EngineerTualatin, ORFull timeWorking closely with Supply Chain and Operations teams, the Component Engineer plays a critical role in maintaining product continuity, managing component obsolescence, and driving value through engineering analysis. The Component Engineer is responsible for the selection, qualification, lifecycle management, and cost optimization of electronic and mechanical components used in embedded hardware products.
IT Systems Engineer (On-Site - Washington/Oregon State) Heritage BankIT Systems Engineer (On-Site - Washington/Oregon State)Hillsboro, OR$91,707–$114,639 / yearKnowledge of and experience administering, designing, or deploying operating systems such as Microsoft Exchange, Microsoft 365, Active Directory, AD Federation Services, SQL Server Always On Availability Groups, Microsoft Entra, IAM / PAM software, Load Balancers, and other current technology is highly desired. Travel Time: 10 – 20% with willingness and availability to travel to other bank locations as needed to support bank infrastructure systems; valid driver’s license, proof of insurance, and access to reliable transportation; or the ability to access and utilize an alternative method of transportation, when needed, to carry out job-related essential functions.
NewModule Development Engineer INTELModule Development EngineerLafayette, OR$172,200–$243,000 / yearRemains updated on relevant industrial process and material manufacturing technical trends and develops view of inherent future Intel process technology needs to push industry forward by partnering with vendor ecosystem to build cost sensitive roadmap. Leads design and development of technically sophisticated manufacturing processes and/or repair reverse engineering including material selection, parameter optimization, equipment metrology, and system design to enable new product designs and functional requirements.
NewITOT Infrastructure Engineer - Contract TalentBurst, Inc.ITOT Infrastructure Engineer - ContractHillsboro, OR$50–$50.72 / hourLead and/or provide support for the evaluation, installation, and maintenance of Manufacturing infrastructure including installation and upgrade of control systems hardware, software, control networks, user administration, database administration, security, system monitoring, backup and recovery of Microsoft Windows Server Operating Systems and SQL Databases. Certifications: Microsoft Certified System Engineer (MCSE, Cisco Certified Network Associate (CCNA), VMware Certified Advanced Professional (VCAP), Certified Information System Security Professional (CISSP), ISA/IEC 62443 Cybersecurity Specialist certification, Global Industrial Cyber Security Professional (GICSP) is a plus.
NewNetwork Engineer 5 # 26-17902 US Tech Solutions, Inc.Network Engineer 5 # 26-17902Beaverton, ORThis role is responsible for designing, deploying, optimizing, and maintaining wireless network solutions while collaborating with cross-functional teams to deliver reliable and secure wireless connectivity. The ideal candidate will possess deep expertise in Cisco wireless technologies, wireless design, network troubleshooting, and client performance optimization.
Structural Civil Engineer 2 Automation and Control Strategies Group, INC. dba ACS Professional StaffingStructural Civil Engineer 2Vancouver, WAFull timeThis Structural Civil Engineer 2 will perform structural analysis and design of substations, transmission line structures, telecommunications structures, and buildings using steel, concrete, wood, and other materials. The role includes evaluating existing structures for increased loads or updated criteria, designing new structures, producing engineering drawings, and developing retrofit solutions.
Electrical Engineer Technician 2 Automation and Control Strategies Group, INC. dba ACS Professional StaffingElectrical Engineer Technician 2Vancouver, WAFull timeProvide technician support to design engineers and technicians within the group in the form of reports, consolidation papers, printing design packages, preparing drawing lists, coordinating release of work-in-process (WIP) designs, and other CAD or technician needs. * Perform review of CAD and manually drafted drawings and other documents for drafting accuracy and completeness; provide feedback and/or make necessary corrections before review by engineers and technicians.
Electrical Engineer 3 Automation and Control Strategies Group, INC. dba ACS Professional StaffingElectrical Engineer 3Vancouver, WAFull timeThis Electrical Engineer 3 will serve as a technical specialist for protection and control systems, leading fault analysis, relay coordination, testing, commissioning, and troubleshooting of protective relays and meters across the transmission system. * Serves as a technical specialist in the installation of protective relays and meters throughout the power system and provides advice to senior colleagues and agency officials responsible for broad program operations within the area of expertise.
Hardware Engineer V ZincFive IncHardware Engineer VTualatin, ORThe qualified individual will be responsible for documentation of the design changes, supporting the transition of new designs into manufacturing, as well as solving complex engineering problems associated with new product introduction. The Hardware Engineer V will participate in the development of electrical architecture and design, integration and debugging of new electrical hardware and validation of the design in a structured engineering environment.
Principal Hardware Engineer (Teradyne, Oregon) Teradyne IncPrincipal Hardware Engineer (Teradyne, Oregon)Tualatin, OR$175,300–$280,600 / yearThis role focuses on power delivery architecture, fast transient response, load regulation, protection systems, thermal management, and system‑level integration to support advanced SoCs, FPGAs, high‑power devices, and complex test conditions. The Senior Hardware Engineer in the hardware group is responsible for designing, developing, and validating high‑current, high‑power sourcing and switching hardware used in semiconductor automated test equipment.
Sr. Hardware Engineer (Teradyne, Oregon) Teradyne IncSr. Hardware Engineer (Teradyne, Oregon)Tualatin, OR$141,400–$226,200 / yearThis role focuses on power delivery architecture, fast transient response, load regulation, protection systems, thermal management, and system‑level integration to support advanced SoCs, FPGAs, high‑power devices, and complex test conditions. The Senior Hardware Engineer in the hardware group is responsible for designing, developing, and validating high‑current, high‑power sourcing and switching hardware used in semiconductor automated test equipment.
EDA Tools Hardware Engineer Intel CorpEDA Tools Hardware EngineerHillsboro, OR$141,910–$269,100 / yearBusiness group: Intel Foundry strives to make every facet of semiconductor manufacturing state-of-the-art while delighting our customers -- from delivering cutting-edge silicon process and packaging technology leadership for the AI era, enabling our customers to design leadership products, global manufacturing scale and supply chain, through the continuous yield improvements to advanced packaging all the way to final test and assembly. We are seeking an experienced EDA CAD / Tool Flow Development Engineer to develop and maintain transistor-level timing characterization flows for custom IPs, embedded memories, SRAMs, register files, and compiler-generated macros across advanced semiconductor technologies.
NewSenior Electrical Engineer – Digital Hardware & FPGA Design (US CITIZENSHIP REQUIRED) Teledyne TechnologiesSenior Electrical Engineer – Digital Hardware & FPGA Design (US CITIZENSHIP REQUIRED)Wilsonville, OregonOur products include advanced surveillance sensors, unmanned air and ground vehicles, sensing devices used to detect chemicals, biological agents, radiation and explosives, and a host of other solutions that help warfighters, first responders, and search-and-rescue teams do their jobs better. These markets include aerospace and defense, factory automation, air and water quality environmental monitoring, electronics design and development, oceanographic research, deepwater oil and gas exploration and production, medical imaging and pharmaceutical research..
NewSenior Electrical Engineer - Digital Hardware & FPGA Design Teledyne Technologies IncSenior Electrical Engineer - Digital Hardware & FPGA DesignWilsonville, OROur products include advanced surveillance sensors, unmanned air and ground vehicles, sensing devices used to detect chemicals, biological agents, radiation and explosives, and a host of other solutions that help warfighters, first responders, and search-and-rescue teams do their jobs better. These markets include aerospace and defense, factory automation, air and water quality environmental monitoring, electronics design and development, oceanographic research, deepwater oil and gas exploration and production, medical imaging and pharmaceutical research.
Principal Hardware Engineer, DC/DC Power Microsoft CorpPrincipal Hardware Engineer, DC/DC PowerHillsboro, OR$142,800–$274,800 / yearTo achieve this goal, the CHSE (Cloud Hardware Systems Engineering) team is instrumental in defining and delivering operational measures of success for hardware manufacturing, improving the planning process, quality, delivery, scale and sustainability related to Microsoft cloud hardware. We are looking for seasoned engineers with a dedicated passion for customer focused solutions, insight and industry knowledge to envision and implement future technical solutions that will manage and optimize the Cloud infrastructure.
Hardware Engineer II ApconHardware Engineer IIWilsonville, OregonThis role focuses on designing the physical electronics that power our network visibility and switching products, including embedded processors, switch ASICs, DDR4 or DDR5 memory subsystems, and the surrounding high speed digital circuitry. APCON designs and assembles industry-leading network visibility and security technologies in the United States, supporting some of the world’s largest and fastest networks.
Senior Hardware Design Engineer (Teradyne, Tualatin, OR) TeradyneSenior Hardware Design Engineer (Teradyne, Tualatin, OR)Tualatin, OR$141,400–$226,200 / yearThe engineer will perform a variety of complex activities covering the design of new products, investigating customer-reported problems for root cause analysis, and implementing improvements in design, test, and/or operations. ATTENTION APPLICANTS WITH DISABILITIES: If you’re unable to access our on-line application due to a disability you may visit one of our locations or our Corporate Office at 600 Riverpark Drive, North Reading, MA and request a paper application form.
Hardware Design Engineer RambusHardware Design EngineerHillsboro, Oregon$106,900–$198,500 / yearRambus is a global company that makes industry-leading memory interface chips and Silicon IP to advance data center connectivity and solve the bottleneck between memory and processing. Overview: Rambus, a premier chip and silicon IP provider making data faster and safer, is seeking to hire an exceptional HW Design Engineer to join our MCG team in Hillsboro.
Contract Hardware Test Engineer BiampContract Hardware Test EngineerTigard, Oregon5 Plus Years of experience in a Test engineering position role, ideally with a strong background in designing and implementing production tests for advanced electronics. As we grow to meet our customers’ needs and evolve to address the challenges of tomorrow, one guiding principle remains the same: Biamp connects people through extraordinary audiovisual experiences.
Hardware Platform Applications Engineer - Military & Aerospace Intel CorpHardware Platform Applications Engineer - Military & AerospaceHillsboro, OR$122,440–$232,190 / yearHarnessing the capability of the cloud, the ubiquity of the Internet of Things, the latest advances in memory and programmable solutions, and the promise of always-on 5G connectivity, Intel is disrupting industries and solving global challenges. In the Hardware Platform Applications Engineer role, your responsibilities would include but not be limited to: Directly engaging customers to provide support for customer developed systems including providing on-site power on support.
Senior Hardware Test Engineer BiampSenior Hardware Test EngineerTigard, OregonResponsibilities include designing production tests, developing test fixtures, and working with flying probe technology to ensure quality and performance in digital signal processing products. 5 Plus Years of experience in a Test engineering position role, ideally with a strong background in designing and implementing production tests for advanced electronics.
Mechanical Engineer, Space Hardware (Mid-Level) IRPIMechanical Engineer, Space Hardware (Mid-Level)Wilsonville, OregonOur portfolio spans CO removal and air revitalization, hydroponics, biological sample processing, waste management, and fire safety, as well as condensing heat exchangers, propellant management devices, lunar lander components, and advanced suit subsystems. Professional Growth: Hands-on flight-hardware experience, mentorship from senior and principal engineers, and the chance to contribute to cutting-edge space programs from day one.
Engineering Support Specialist 3 Automation and Control Strategies Group, INC. dba ACS Professional StaffingEngineering Support Specialist 3Vancouver, WAFull timeCoordinate with engineers and technicians to verify that reports are accurate via engineer and technician review and produce final reports in PDF and / or RTF format for distribution to warehouse personnel, Transmission Line Maintenance (TLM) crews, and contractor construction crews. This role requires 5+ years of supply chain or logistics experience, proficiency with database systems such as MS Access and enterprise asset systems, and familiarity with engineering materials, procurement processes, and tools like ProjectWise or similar platforms.
Senior Software Engineer, Hardware Interface Agility Robotics IncSenior Software Engineer, Hardware InterfaceOR$175,000–$273,000 / yearAgility's commercially deployed humanoids operate alongside teams in warehouses, manufacturing facilities, and distribution centers-tackling physically demanding and repetitive tasks while enabling workers to focus on higher-value work. You will also be on the front-line of robot development, building up brand-new prototypes and working with highly cross-functional teams to transform piles of parts into functional, testable systems.
Electrical Hardware Lead DZYNE TechnologiesElectrical Hardware LeadPortland, OR$130,000–$170,000 / yearPhysical Demands: The physical demands described here are representative of those that must be met by an employee to successfully perform the essential functions of this job: Must have the ability to stop, stand, climb, occasionally lift a minimum of 25 lbs. Guide integration and testing of electrical subsystems, including bench‑level validation, hardware‑in‑the‑loop testing, and flight‑ready qualification.
Principal Hardware Engineering Manager Microsoft CorpPrincipal Hardware Engineering ManagerHillsboro, OR$142,800–$274,800 / yearExperienced understanding of debug systems and methodologies used in datacenters, modern computer architectures or System on Chip features like virtualization technologies or major architectural blocks like Memory Controllers or Central Processing Units or Storage or Networking solutions for Cloud or Datacenter infrastructures. Preferred Qualifications: 10+ years of experience of technical or management leadership as a Datacenter platform manager or software engineering manager or validation/debug organization manager or equivalent industry datacenter debug leadership positions.
Hardware Engineering Manager Lam Research CorpHardware Engineering ManagerTualatin, ORYou will lead a team responsible for designing and integrating complex opto‑mechanical and electro‑mechanical assemblies, working in close partnership with Electrical Engineering, Firmware Engineering, and other functional teams to ensure cohesive system architectures to build sensor sub-systems that are robust, manufacturable, and seamlessly integrated at the system level. Our teams operate at the intersection of mechanical systems, optics, electronics, controls, software, and data science-partnering globally to deliver robust, high‑performance solutions that accelerate innovation, improve tool intelligence, and enable next‑generation capabilities across all Lam product lines.
Principal Hardware Technical Program Manager Microsoft CorpPrincipal Hardware Technical Program ManagerPortland, OR$142,800–$274,800 / yearLead a virtual team of functional leads including members from hardware and software engineering, sourcing, supply chain, networking and datacenter operations for documenting a clear Plan-of-Record (POR) for the new product development and leading the project team to meet stated milestones. There is a different range applicable to specific work locations, within the San Francisco Bay area and New York City metropolitan area, and the base pay range for this role in those locations is USD $188,000 - $304,200 per year.
NewSPE Hardware Architecture Rambus IncSPE Hardware ArchitectureHillsboro, OR$189,700–$352,300 / yearRambus is a global company that makes industry-leading memory interface chips and Silicon IP to advance data center connectivity and solve the bottleneck between memory and processing. With over 30 years of semiconductor experience, we are a leading provider of high-performance products and innovations that maximize the bandwidth, capacity and security for AI and other data-intensive workloads.
Computer Hardware and Software Support 1 AZAD Technology PartnersComputer Hardware and Software Support 1Portland, OROne or more of the following Certifications: Microsoft Certified Desktop Support Technician (MCDST) Certified Software Asset Manager (CSAM) Certified Hardware Asset Management Professional (CHAMP) Certified IT Asset Manager (CITAM). AZAD is looking for bright, talented, flexible, and customer centric problem solvers who enjoy the challenges associated with solving the most complex problems by utilizing the most sophisticated technologies and strong people skills.
Sr. Electrical Engineer SigSauerSr. Electrical EngineerTualatin, ORPart timeDrive manufacturability and cost optimization across electrical systems by resolving complex DFM challenges, engaging with vendors, and guiding design strategy to meet production and cost targets. Today, SIG SAUER is synonymous with industry-leading quality and innovation which has made it the brand of choice amongst the U.S. Military, the global defense community, law enforcement, competitive shooters, hunters, and responsible citizens.
Sr. Electrical Engineer Sig Sauer Inc.Sr. Electrical EngineerTualatin, ORDrive manufacturability and cost optimization across electrical systems by resolving complex DFM challenges, engaging with vendors, and guiding design strategy to meet production and cost targets. Today, SIG SAUER is synonymous with industry-leading quality and innovation which has made it the brand of choice amongst the U.S. Military, the global defense community, law enforcement, competitive shooters, hunters, and responsible citizens.
Sr. Electrical Engineer SIG SAUER CareersSr. Electrical EngineerTualatin, OregonDrive manufacturability and cost optimization across electrical systems by resolving complex DFM challenges, engaging with vendors, and guiding design strategy to meet production and cost targets. Today, SIG SAUER is synonymous with industry-leading quality and innovation which has made it the brand of choice amongst the U.S. Military, the global defense community, law enforcement, competitive shooters, hunters, and responsible citizens.
Sr. Electrical Engineer SIG SAUER IncSr. Electrical EngineerTualatin, ORDrive manufacturability and cost optimization across electrical systems by resolving complex DFM challenges, engaging with vendors, and guiding design strategy to meet production and cost targets. Today, SIG SAUER is synonymous with industry-leading quality and innovation which has made it the brand of choice amongst the U.S. Military, the global defense community, law enforcement, competitive shooters, hunters, and responsible citizens.
Senior Digital Electrical Engineer Teledyne TechnologiesSenior Digital Electrical EngineerWilsonville, OR$113,600–$151,400 / yearThese markets include aerospace and defense, factory automation, air and water quality environmental monitoring, electronics design and development, oceanographic research, deepwater oil and gas exploration and production, medical imaging and pharmaceutical research. Our arsenal includes advanced surveillance sensors, handheld devices, unmanned vehicles, lasers, and more solutions that increase operational effectiveness for warfighters, first responders, and search-and-rescue teams.
Electrical Engineer (6-Month Contract) Curtiss-Wright CorpElectrical Engineer (6-Month Contract)Portland, OR$83,800–$95,000 / yearWilliams Controls Inc., a business unit of Curtiss-Wright manufactures products such as electronic, hydraulic and pneumatic throttle controls, configurable joysticks, adjustable pedal systems, sensors, hand controls and armrest systems for use on all types of commercial vehicles. Supports product reviews (both NPI and existing products) for Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC), ensuring electronic equipment and systems can operate effectively in their intended applications.
Senior Thermal Engineer PanthalassaSenior Thermal EngineerPortland, OregonWe are looking for a Senior Thermal Engineer who will own the end-to-end thermal simulation workflow for low- and high-power electromechanical systems operating in harsh marine environments, with a strong emphasis on rapid design iteration, first-principles thinking, and high-fidelity CFD where it adds real value. You will work closely with mechanical engineers, payload architects, electrical engineers, applied physicists, and the prototype team to evaluate concepts, improve designs, define thermal requirements, debug issues, and help move hardware from early architecture through prototype and field validation.
Principal Embedded Software Engineer PanthalassaPrincipal Embedded Software EngineerPortland, OregonThe embedded software – device drivers, baremetal firmware, and embedded Linux – is what bridges the gap between hardware and the systems above it: giving the Node the ability to sense, actuate, follow commands from shore, and operate autonomously. We are a renewable energy and ocean technology company committed to rapidly developing and deploying technologies that will ensure a sustainable future for Earth by unlocking the vast energy potential of its oceans.
Senior Electrical Engineer Andrews Cooper Technology LLCSenior Electrical EngineerPortland, ORFull timeAt Andrews Cooper, we specialize in delivering cutting-edge engineering solutions in the HardTech space, partnering with industry leaders in Consumer Technology, Medical Technology, Clean Technology, and Automation & Robotics. This is a full-time position with compensation, benefits, and work positives, including: Medical, dental, life, and disability insurance; health savings accounts (HSA), flexible spending accounts (FSA), employee assistance programs (EAP), and dependent savings accounts (DSA).
NewAutomotive Electronic/Electrical Diagnostic Engineer Daimler Truck North AmericaAutomotive Electronic/Electrical Diagnostic EngineerPortland, OregonThe Diagnostic Engineer collaborates with cross-functional teams, including hardware engineers, software developers, and vehicle manufacturers, to ensure seamless integration of diagnostic solutions within the vehicle’s overall electronic architecture including telematics and offboard solutions. Our evolving brand portfolio is second to none, including Freightliner Trucks, Western Star, Demand Detroit, Thomas Built Buses, Freightliner Custom Chassis, and Financial Services.
Engineer III, Manufacturing & Electrical Thermo Fisher Scientific IncEngineer III, Manufacturing & ElectricalHillsboro, ORDiscover Impactful Work: Our factory produces low-volume, high-complexity electron microscopy products for semiconductor designers and manufacturers to use in the creation and improvement of their products and manufacturing processes. We provide our global teams with the resources needed to achieve individual career goals while helping to take science a step a step beyond by developing solutions for some of the world's toughest challenges, like protecting the environment, making sure our food is safe or helping find cures for cancer.
Electrical Engineer Hyster-Yale, IncElectrical EngineerPortland, ORWho we are: Hyster-Yale Materials Handling, Inc., designs, engineers, manufactures, sells and services a comprehensive line of lift trucks, aftermarket parts and technology and energy solutions that are transforming the way the world moves materials from Port to Home. Hyster-Yale Materials Handling, Inc, a world-class manufacturer of industrial lift trucks, has an outstanding opportunity for an energetic and innovative entry-level Electrical Engineer based at our Counterbalance Development Center (CBDC) in Portland, Oregon.
NewQuality Assurance Engineer 5 Net2SourceQuality Assurance Engineer 5Beaverton, OR$60–$65 / hourThis role focuses on creating the automated systems, tooling, and validation frameworks that help engineering teams move quickly while maintaining a high bar for reliability, performance, and release readiness. You're equally comfortable debugging embedded systems, investigating complex failures, building hardware-in-the-loop infrastructure, and partnering with engineers to improve quality at the source.
Electrical Design Plant Engineer - Power Generation Portland General Electric CoElectrical Design Plant Engineer - Power GenerationPortland, ORAs an Electrical Design Plant Engineer on our Power Supply Engineering Services team, you will play a key role in the design and integration of electrical systems across hydro, wind, solar, and energy storage projects that support Oregon's clean energy transition. Plans, develops and coordinates projects with complex design, construction, operation, maintenance or testing elements in support of engineering and construction needs of hydro, wind and thermal plants; provides accurate capital budget and job estimates.
Embedded Systems Engineer 3 Lam Research CorpEmbedded Systems Engineer 3Tualatin, ORAssociates or Bachelor's Degree in Electrical Engineering, Computer Engineering / Science, or a realted field with a minimum of 2 years of related work experience. Our hybrid roles combine the benefits of on-site collaboration with colleagues and the flexibility to work remotely and fall into two categories - On-site Flex and Virtual Flex.
NewQuality Assurance Engineer 5 HireTalentQuality Assurance Engineer 5Beaverton, ORThe ideal candidate is a builder first someone who enjoys writing code, automating repetitive work, creating scalable test systems, debugging embedded systems, building Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) infrastructure, and partnering with engineering teams to improve product quality throughout the development lifecycle. This role focuses on creating the automated systems, tooling, and validation frameworks that help engineering teams move quickly while maintaining a high bar for reliability, performance, and release readiness.
NewPrincipal Signal & Power Engineer (Die to Die and Chiplet Design) Microsoft CorpPrincipal Signal & Power Engineer (Die to Die and Chiplet Design)Hillsboro, OR$142,800–$274,800 / yearDrives the execution of architecture solutions across product lines or multiple product groups across teams that account for design trends and future concepts by leveraging cross- functional expertise, industry best practices, and lessons learned from teams working across multiple product lines. IP design, voltage regulator, motherboard, CPU package, silicon, decoupling capacitor solutions, dielectric and copper loss, high-frequency discontinuities, timing budgets, power supply induced jitter, etc.) for data center processors and corresponding platforms to ensure optimized performance.
NewQuality Assurance Engineer Integrated Resources, IncQuality Assurance EngineerBeaverton, ORThis role focuses on creating the automated systems, tooling, and validation frameworks that help engineering teams move quickly while maintaining a high bar for reliability, performance, and release readiness. You're equally comfortable debugging embedded systems, investigating complex failures, building hardware-in-the-loop infrastructure, and partnering with engineers to improve quality at the source.
Electrical Engineer 2 First Tek, Inc.Electrical Engineer 2Vancouver, WAKnowledge and experience listed below: Experience working in enterprise-level IT systems pertaining to power utility; Experience working in a control and operation of a complex real-time system; Experience in operating and maintaining a high availability environment; Skill in implementing new systems in a make highly available control system; Experience with process development; Experience in complex projects with many requirements and divergent goals. Operational Services (JO) is responsible for the architecture, strategy, design, implementation, monitoring, operation, regulatory compliance, and maintenance of BPA's Control Centers real-time control and data acquisition computers, control center network, infrastructure support equipment, and physical Operational Services.