NewManager, Project Management - Remote IntradoManager, Project Management - RemoteChicago, ILRemote$115,000–$125,000 / yearWe are seeking an experienced Manager, Project Management to lead a portfolio of complex, cross-functional projects that drive strategic business outcomes. Our cutting-edge company strives to become the most trusted, data-centric emergency services partner by uniting fragmented communications into actionable intelligence for first responders.
Engineering, Sr Manager Constellation EnergyEngineering, Sr ManagerAurora, IL$183,600–$204,000As the largest private-sector power producer in the world and the nation's largest producer of clean and reliable energy, Constellation is focused on our purpose: lighting the way to a brilliant tomorrow for all. Bachelor's degree in Engineering (Chemical, Civil/Structural, Electrical, Industrial, Mechanical or Nuclear) or related science OR Active/Inactive Senior Reactor Operator (SRO) license.
Senior Manager, Procurement Treehouse FoodsSenior Manager, ProcurementOak Brook, IL$122,600–$184,000 / yearIn this role, you will lead strategic sourcing and category management initiatives across a complex portfolio of MRO and Facility Services spend, helping drive cost savings, strengthen supplier performance, and support enterprise-wide business priorities. An employee's position within the salary range will be based on several factors including, but not limited to, specific competencies, relevant education, qualifications, certifications, experience, skills, seniority, geographic location, performance, shift, travel requirements, sales or revenue-based metrics and business or organizational needs.
Electrical Engineer Constellation EnergyElectrical EngineerMorrison, IL$87,000–$154,000Perform other job assignments and duties as directed by management or pursuant to company policy, including but not limited to emergency response, departmental coverage, call outs, and support of outage activities in positions outside the department. Now integrated with Calpine, our portfolio includes 55 gigawatts of capacity from nuclear, natural gas, geothermal, hydro, wind and solar facilities, with the generating capacity to power the equivalent of 27 million homes.
Engineer, Fuels / Project Manager Constellation EnergyEngineer, Fuels / Project ManagerJoliet, IL$122,400–$154,000Perform other job assignments and duties as directed by management or pursuant to company policy, including but not limited to emergency response, departmental coverage, call outs, and support of outage activities in positions outside the department. Now integrated with Calpine, our portfolio includes 55 gigawatts of capacity from nuclear, natural gas, geothermal, hydro, wind and solar facilities, with the generating capacity to power the equivalent of 27 million homes.
Engineer, Sr Staff Fuels / Project Manager Constellation EnergyEngineer, Sr Staff Fuels / Project ManagerLombard, IL$151,200–$168,000Provides in-depth technical expertise to develop, manage, and implement nuclear engineering activities related to CEC safety, reliability, maintainability, and availability ensuring compliance to customer's needs, regulatory requirements, and corporate policies. Now integrated with Calpine, our portfolio includes 55 gigawatts of capacity from nuclear, natural gas, geothermal, hydro, wind and solar facilities, with the generating capacity to power the equivalent of 27 million homes.
NewDesign Manager System OneDesign ManagerWestmont, IL$130,000–$167,000 / year5+ years of design related experience with mechanical, electrical, building automation systems, programming, or building operation management experience. • Supports the day-to-day management of design tasks, ensuring timely progress, accurate documentation, and alignment with project goals.
Manager Engineering Constellation EnergyManager EngineeringOglesby, IL$162,000–$180,000Bachelor's degree in Engineering (Chemical, Civil/Structural, Electrical, Industrial, Mechanical, or nuclear) OR related science OR License Professional Engineer OR Active/Inactive SRO License with 5 years of engineering or related experience, which shall include 1 year of nuclear power plant experience. Now integrated with Calpine, our portfolio includes 55 gigawatts of capacity from nuclear, natural gas, geothermal, hydro, wind and solar facilities, with the generating capacity to power the equivalent of 27 million homes.
Sr Manager Design Engineering Constellation EnergySr Manager Design EngineeringColona, IL$183,600–$204,000Bachelor's degree in Engineering (Chemical, Civil/Structural, Electrical, Industrial, Mechanical or Nuclear) or related science OR Active/Inactive Senior Reactor Operator (SRO) license. Now integrated with Calpine, our portfolio includes 55 gigawatts of capacity from nuclear, natural gas, geothermal, hydro, wind and solar facilities, with the generating capacity to power the equivalent of 27 million homes.
Marketing Manager - Remote ButterflyMXMarketing Manager - RemoteChicago, ILRemoteAccess to optional benefits including pre-tax flexible healthcare spending accounts (FSA and HSA), Dependent Care FSA, and Commuter Benefits, as well as optional Supplemental Life, AD&D, Hospital Indemnity, Disability, Legal, Accident, Critical Illness, Pet, and Personal Liability Insurance. Our products are installed in more than 15,000+ multifamily, commercial, gated communities, and student-housing properties worldwide, including properties developed, owned, and managed by the most trusted names in real estate.
NewFacilities Manager Gables Search GroupFacilities ManagerBedford Park, IL$140,000–$160,000A century-old, family-owned personal care products manufacturer is adding a Facilities Manager to take full ownership of facility systems and infrastructure at a large, automated production campus in the Bedford Park area. ·BS/BA degree in Engineering, Facilities Management, or a related field preferred or an equivalent combination of maintenance certifications and 5+ years of facilities management leadership in a manufacturing setting.
Quality Manager | Electronics Michael Page USAQuality Manager | ElectronicsPark Ridge, IL$100,000–$120,000 / yearFull timeOur client, a leading manufacturer of electrical assemblies and fixtures, primarily serves the commerical and residential industries, such as business offices, hotels, and restaurants with their product line. Our client is a leading manufacturer of electrical assemblies for commercial and residential applications and they are looking to hire a Quality Control Manager to lead their quality department.
Engineer, Manager - Engineering Response Team Constellation EnergyEngineer, Manager - Engineering Response TeamEssex, IL$162,000–$180,000Bachelor's degree in Engineering (Chemical, Civil/Structural, Electrical, Industrial, Mechanical, or nuclear) OR related science OR License Professional Engineer OR Active/Inactive SRO License with 5 years of engineering or related experience, which shall include 1 year of nuclear power plant experience. Now integrated with Calpine, our portfolio includes 55 gigawatts of capacity from nuclear, natural gas, geothermal, hydro, wind and solar facilities, with the generating capacity to power the equivalent of 27 million homes.
Engineering, Manager Constellation EnergyEngineering, ManagerWilmington, IL$162,000–$180,000Bachelor's degree in Engineering (Chemical, Civil/Structural, Electrical, Industrial, Mechanical, or nuclear) OR related science OR License Professional Engineer OR Active/Inactive SRO License with 5 years of engineering or related experience, which shall include 1 year of nuclear power plant experience. Perform other job assignments and duties as directed by management or pursuant to company policy, including but not limited to emergency response, departmental coverage, call outs, and support of outage activities in positions outside the department.
Quality Manager - Electronics Manufacturer | Park Ridge, IL Michael Page USAQuality Manager - Electronics Manufacturer | Park Ridge, ILPark Ridge, IL$100,000–$120,000 / yearFull timeThis role is responsible for overseeing and improving the Quality Management System (QMS), driving continuous improvement initiatives, and supporting the resolution of quality issues through hands-on problem-solving and corrective actions. Headquartered just outside of Chicago, the company employs approximately 130 people at its facility and is recognized for delivering high-quality products to a diverse customer base.
Gas Operations Supervisor WMGas Operations SupervisorChicago, ILThis position reports to the Area Gas Operations Manager (AGOM) and is responsible for the operation and maintenance of landfill gas collection and control systems (GCCS) including the supervision and direction of Gas Technician I and Gas Technician II positions as well as contractors. Hands on construction using materials such as Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) and/or High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE) piping materials and associated equipment to perform maintenance on piping or other components of the gas collection system.
Industrial Engineer II G&W ElectricIndustrial Engineer IIAurora, IL$80,000–$94,915Reporting to the AME Manager, this position will be responsible for managing cross-functional projects delivering a continuous improvement of our safety, quality, delivery, and cost through the elimination of waste from our production processes, launching new products/processes into operations, and by educating and empowering our production staff. Our continuous focus on growth and innovation means that you become part of a company that provides challenging opportunities, rewards excellence and combines your individual expertise to achieve a higher level of shared success.
NewSenior Electrical Project Manager GpacSenior Electrical Project ManagerChicago, IL120000–160000GPAC (Growing People and Companies) is an award-winning search firm specializing in placing quality professionals within multiple industries across the United States since 1990. Lead and oversee multiple commercial, industrial, and institutional electrical projects from pre-construction to completion.
Electrical Project Manager GpacElectrical Project ManagerSchaumburg, IL95000–130000GPAC (Growing People and Companies) is an award-winning search firm specializing in placing quality professionals within multiple industries across the United States since 1990. We are extremely competitive, client-focused and realize that our value is in our ability to deliver the right solutions at the right time.
Senior Electrical Project Manager Balfour Beatty PlcSenior Electrical Project ManagerElgin, ILJoin our Regional Scotland BBK business as a Senior Electrical Project Manager delivering complex Mechanical, Electrical & Plumbing (MEP) building projects that connect communities and enhance daily life. Location: Projects across Scotland - Edinburgh, St Andrews, Forres, Fort William, Inverness, Nairn, and wider regions.
Electrical Project Manager Sterling Engineering, Inc.Electrical Project ManagerDowners Grove, ILOversee all managerial and administrative aspects of turn-key electrical construction projects, including estimating, scheduling, quality control, progress reports, billing, design review/coordination, cost tracking, safety compliance, and proposal preparation. 5-7 years of electrical project management experience; prior success delivering design/build electrical projects is strongly preferred.
Senior Electrical Engineer / Project Manager ESPO CorporationSenior Electrical Engineer / Project ManagerDowners Grove, IL$140,000–$180,000 / yearWe're seeking a Senior Electrical Engineer / Project Manager with a current PE license to lead industrial power and controls design, coordinate utility and equipment interfaces, and drive projects from concept through startup. Apply working knowledge of NEC/industrial installations, arc-flash study data gathering, PLC programming basics, and common automation components (VFDs, HMIs, PLCs, I/O modules, remote I/O).
Senior Electrical Substation Project Engineering Manager 2 - Remote US Option GE Vernova IncSenior Electrical Substation Project Engineering Manager 2 - Remote US OptionOakbrook Terrace, ILRemote$144,900–$241,200 / yearWith the growth of the Grid Solutions Integration - North America Region business portfolio and increased work scope and complexity of our customer projects, the Project Engineering Manager leads the multi-discipline technical project team and contractors while coordinating with vendors and professional customer interface. GE Vernova Inc. or its affiliates (collectively or individually, "GE Vernova") sponsor certain employee benefit plans or programs GE Vernova reserves the right to terminate, amend, suspend, replace, or modify its benefit plans and programs at any time and for any reason, in its sole discretion.
Senior Project Manager - Electrical Substations GE Vernova IncSenior Project Manager - Electrical SubstationsOakbrook Terrace, ILRemote$114,100–$190,200 / yearGE Vernova Inc. or its affiliates (collectively or individually, "GE Vernova") sponsor certain employee benefit plans or programs GE Vernova reserves the right to terminate, amend, suspend, replace, or modify its benefit plans and programs at any time and for any reason, in its sole discretion. The ideal candidate is a proven project leader with deep experience in EPC execution for electrical substations and high-voltage power systems, strong commercial acumen, and the ability to thrive in fast-paced, customer-facing environments.
VDC Project Manager, Electrical VIATechnikVDC Project Manager, ElectricalChicago, ILRemote$95,000–$115,000 / yearFull timeThis is an opportunity to work at the intersection of technology, construction, and leadership, partnering with top-tier clients and high-performing global teams to deliver outcomes that go beyond models-impacting real-world construction performance. As a VDC Project Manager – Electrical, you won't just manage projects-you'll lead the delivery of cutting-edge BIM and VDC solutions that directly shape how complex projects are designed, coordinated, and constructed.
Electrical Engineering Manager Design Sterling Engineering, Inc.Electrical Engineering Manager DesignBurr Ridge, IL$130,000–$160,000 / yearThis is an excellent opportunity for a Senior Electrical Engineer looking to transition into management or an experienced Engineering Manager seeking greater technical ownership and strategic influence. Sterling Engineering is hiring an Engineering Manager to lead a talented team of engineers developing advanced electrical and electronic security systems.
Sr Engineering Manager Electrical Division Sterling Engineering, Inc.Sr Engineering Manager Electrical DivisionWheaton, ILRemote$145,000–$160,000 / yearSterling Engineering is looking for a Senior Engineering Manager – Electrical Distribution for a growing engineering services firm. Serve as the primary point of contact for utility clients, providing project updates, resolving issues, and building strong client relationships.
Electrical Project Manager II Granite ConstructionElectrical Project Manager IIElk Grove Village, IllinoisEstablish and maintain working relationships with owners, agencies, subcontractors, corporate management, inspectors, etc., providing customer service to develop long-term partnerships with client base. Provide technical direction regarding project material controls including delivery dates, construction schedules and design requirements to ensure additional costs are minimized.
Sr Materials Engineer Manager, (Electrical Contacts) Koch IncSr Materials Engineer Manager, (Electrical Contacts)Lisle, IL$140,000–$190,000 / yearSr Materials Engineer Manager, (Electrical Contacts) - United States - 186396 - Koch. Koch Engineered Solutions.
Civil/Structural Engineering Manager - Electrical Substations GE Vernova IncCivil/Structural Engineering Manager - Electrical SubstationsOakbrook Terrace, ILRemote$113,200–$188,800 / yearWith the growth of the Grid Solutions Integration NAM Region business portfolio and increased work scope and complexity of our customer projects, the Civil Engineering Manager (People Leader) shall lead direct reports, sub-disciplines, and contractors. The GSI NAM Region Civil Engineering Manager leads a team of civil engineers, direct reports, supervises and coordinates civil engineering design team assignments & responsibilities in their discipline which include civil engineers and is considered as a technical referent for the teams.
National Account Manager (Electrical/Food & Beverage Plants) Shermco Industries IncNational Account Manager (Electrical/Food & Beverage Plants)IL$160,000–$190,000 / yearA minimum of 5 years' experience in a regional or national account manager position selling electrical or engineering related services/PLC to the F&B indusdtry OR we will consider experience working as a technical project or program manager in the F&B ndustry with strong knowledge of electrical or power distribution. A minimum of 5 years' experience in a regional or national account manager position selling electrical or engineering related services/PLC to F&B manufacturin OR we will consider experience working as a technical project or program manager within F&B with strong knowledge of electrical or power distribution.
Electrical Engineering Manager - Healthcare Farnsworth Group IncElectrical Engineering Manager - HealthcareChampaign, ILThe Electrical Engineering Manager - Healthcare at Farnsworth Group leads the planning, design, and delivery of normal and emergency power, lighting, and low-voltage systems for healthcare and complex institutional facilities throughout the Midwest. The role blends deep technical expertise in healthcare electrical systems with project management, client leadership, and mentoring of engineers and designers within our multi-disciplinary architecture and engineering teams.
Electrical Deputy Department Manager Dewberry Engineers IncElectrical Deputy Department ManagerPeoria, IL$136,000–$175,000 / yearDewberry's Peoria, IL office includes over 40 design professionals, including a large Mechanical, Electrical, Plumbing, and Structural (MEPS) Group focused on design services for nationwide clients in specialized facility types and specialized design services. Our experience includes high performance buildings, net zero energy design, renewable energy technologies, microgrid and energy storage system design, energy and climate resilience, and services related to decarbonization/electrification of the built environment.
Electrical Engineering Manager CEI ServicesElectrical Engineering ManagerRockford, IllinoisFull timeThe Clean Energy & Infrastructure Group comprises the following market sectors and operating companies: Renewables: IEA Constructors, Wanzek Construction, White Construction; Industrial: Phoenix Industrial, MasTec Industrial; Infrastructure: American Civil Constructors West Coast, Cash Construction, FNF Construction, MasTec Civil, McKee Utility Contractors, Precision Aggregate Products, Ragnar Benson Construction, Saiia Construction, William Charles Construction, William Charles Electric; General Building: Lemartec, NV2A. In Infrastructure, we specialize in electrical, environmental, highways, roads and bridges, aggregate mining, ports and terminals, rail, pump and lift stations, water transmission and pipelines, water and wastewater treatment plants, and stormwater.
VDC QA/QC Manager, Electrical VIATechnikVDC QA/QC Manager, ElectricalChicago, ILRemote$100,000–$130,000 / yearFull timeWe work on some of the industry's largest and most interesting projects such as Apple's new headquarters, Virgin Hyperloop One, Chicago Transit Authority (CTA) modernization & expansions, Denver International Airport, Chicago O'Hare International Airport, Hudson Yards, the Atlanta Falcons Stadium, Chase Arena, the Tesla Gigafactory and many more. Strong leadership and communication skills, with the ability to coach modelers and collaborate with project managers, leads, and field teams across global, multi-office environments.
NewElectrical Engineering Manager Enercon Services IncElectrical Engineering ManagerNaperville, IL$120,000–$184,000 / yearThe electrical technical team provides support of projects across the Nuclear Services Group including technical evaluations to support minor and major modifications of low and medium voltage AC systems including main generator systems, electrical protection systems, control systems, power distribution systems, transformers, switchgear, panels, motors, and DC distribution systems including batteries, inverters, and chargers. With a focus on leadership of technical electrical engineering teams, this position promises professional growth and the chance to make a meaningful impact within the highly desirable and growing energy sector.
Electrical Engineering Manager William Charles ConstructionElectrical Engineering ManagerRockford, IllinoisFull timeThe Clean Energy & Infrastructure Group comprises the following market sectors and operating companies: Renewables: IEA Constructors, Wanzek Construction, White Construction; Industrial: Phoenix Industrial, MasTec Industrial; Infrastructure: American Civil Constructors West Coast, Cash Construction, FNF Construction, MasTec Civil, McKee Utility Contractors, Precision Aggregate Products, Ragnar Benson Construction, Saiia Construction, William Charles Construction, William Charles Electric; General Building: Lemartec, NV2A. In Infrastructure, we specialize in electrical, environmental, highways, roads and bridges, aggregate mining, ports and terminals, rail, pump and lift stations, water transmission and pipelines, water and wastewater treatment plants, and stormwater.
NewVDC Operations Manager, Electrical VIATechnik, LLCVDC Operations Manager, ElectricalChicago, ILRemoteWe work on some of the industry's largest and most interesting projects such as Apple's new headquarters, Virgin Hyperloop One, Chicago Transit Authority (CTA) modernization & expansions, Denver International Airport, Chicago O'Hare International Airport, Hudson Yards, the Atlanta Falcons Stadium, Chase Arena, the Tesla Gigafactory and many more. Apply if you have: 7+ years of experience working with electrical subcontractors in various aspects of business, including project management, field construction, business accounting and contracts, and utilizing KPIs to manage the team OR working with a general contractor managing electrical trades.
Project Manager Electrical Engineering Consultant Sargent & Lundy LLCProject Manager Electrical Engineering ConsultantChicago, IL$145,310–$222,001 / yearThis position requires a Bachelor''s degree in electrical, mechanical, or civil engineering (other engineering disciplines or finance/economics may be considered) with 15 or more years of experience in the power industry, including: Owner's engineer, independent engineer, and/or design engineer experience for development and execution of power generation. This position is being added to support continued growth of the Sargent & Lundy Consulting group, which regularly provides technical and financial due diligence, asset transaction support, project development services, independent engineering services, owner's engineering services, and long-term planning support.
Project Manager -- Electrical Engineering Consultant Sargent & LundyProject Manager -- Electrical Engineering ConsultantChicago, Illinois$145,310–$222,001 / yearFull timeThis position requires a Bachelor's degree in electrical, mechanical, or civil engineering (other engineering disciplines or finance/economics may be considered) with 15 or more years of experience in the power industry, including: Owner’s engineer, independent engineer, and/or design engineer experience for development and execution of power generation. This position is being added to support continued growth of the Sargent & Lundy Consulting group, which regularly provides technical and financial due diligence, asset transaction support, project development services, independent engineering services, owner’s engineering services, and long-term planning support.
VDC Project Manager, Electrical VIATechnik LLCVDC Project Manager, ElectricalChicago, ILRemote$95,000–$115,000 / yearThis is an opportunity to work at the intersection of technology, construction, and leadership, partnering with top-tier clients and high-performing global teams to deliver outcomes that go beyond models-impacting real-world construction performance. As a VDC Project Manager - Electrical, you won't just manage projects-you'll lead the delivery of cutting-edge BIM and VDC solutions that directly shape how complex projects are designed, coordinated, and constructed.
Electrical Program Manager Jones Lang LaSalle IncElectrical Program ManagerILEnsure customer project information such as work orders, job worksheets, and site information is forwarded to other departments such as operations and accounting to ensure quality customer service, timely billing, and financial management of the project. Whether you've got deep experience in commercial real estate, skilled trades or technology, or you're looking to apply your relevant experience to a new industry, join our team as we help shape a brighter way forward.
Electrical Project Manager - Milwaukee (Mission Critical) Turner Construction CoElectrical Project Manager - Milwaukee (Mission Critical)Chicago, ILPromote Turner''s involvement in the community to help build strategic relationships and to embrace the community in which we live and work. Keep management informed on progress for project and budget through regularly scheduled Operations Review Meetings.
Electrical Engineering Manager Sargent & Lundy LLCElectrical Engineering ManagerChicago, IL$145,310–$222,001 / yearWe excel in detailed engineering services for photovoltaic (PV) solar projects and energy storage integration, and lead the industry in carbon capture technologies, managing projects from conceptual studies, pilot demonstrations and through commercial scale implementation for utilities and industrial plants. The Energy & Industrial Group (EIG) specializes in delivering advanced engineering solutions across various sectors, including power generation, environmental compliance, oil & gas, and industrial projects, from new plant design to plant betterment and upgrade services for operating facilities.
Electrical Construction Project Manager – Transportation Systems CEI ServicesElectrical Construction Project Manager – Transportation SystemsRockford, IllinoisFull timeThe Project Manager will lead the delivery in the planning, design and execution of electrical infrastructure projects within transportation systems to include street lighting, traffic signals, ITS, substations, distribution, and Port of Entry upgrades. Financial monitoring and reporting including cost monitoring, cost and revenue projections, change order logs, under/over billing reports, invoicing, vendor and subcontractor invoicing review and approval.
NewQuality Manager - Electrical Manufacturing Michael Page InternationalQuality Manager - Electrical ManufacturingMorton Grove, Illinois$100,000–$120,000 / yearFull timeManage and oversee the RMA process within all North American manufacturing facilitiesOversee & participate in Customer Satisfaction activitiesParticipate in design for manufacturability activities for cost effectiveness & productManage & Maintain revision control on all production and quality documentation and records in accordance with best practices and business objectives. In this role, the ideal candidate will further develop and managing the company's Quality Management System and will be hands-on with supporting problem-solving projects for quality issues.
Electrical Construction Project Manager – Transportation Systems William Charles ConstructionElectrical Construction Project Manager – Transportation SystemsRockford, IllinoisFull timeThe Project Manager will lead the delivery in the planning, design and execution of electrical infrastructure projects within transportation systems to include street lighting, traffic signals, ITS, substations, distribution, and Port of Entry upgrades. Financial monitoring and reporting including cost monitoring, cost and revenue projections, change order logs, under/over billing reports, invoicing, vendor and subcontractor invoicing review and approval.
Sr. Electrical Preconstruction Manager - Mission Critical Ryan Companies US IncSr. Electrical Preconstruction Manager - Mission CriticalWestmont, IL$140,000–$180,000 / yearThe Senior Preconstruction Manager is responsible for creating cost models, estimates, reviewing and advising staff estimates, training, value analysis, and sales/marketing for the Electrical Scope of work. Non-Solicitation Notice to Recruitment Agencies: Ryan Companies kindly requests that recruitment agencies and third-party recruiters do not submit unsolicited resumes or candidate information to any Ryan Companies employee or office.
Electrical Deputy Department Manager DewberryElectrical Deputy Department ManagerPeoria, Illinois$136,000–$175,000 / yearFull timeDewberry’s Peoria, IL office includes over 40 design professionals, including a large Mechanical, Electrical, Plumbing, and Structural (MEPS) Group focused on design services for nationwide clients in specialized facility types and specialized design services. Our experience includes high performance buildings, net zero energy design, renewable energy technologies, microgrid and energy storage system design, energy and climate resilience, and services related to decarbonization/electrification of the built environment.
NewCommercial Electrical Project & Business Development Manager Swedberg Electric Parent LLCCommercial Electrical Project & Business Development ManagerSycamore, ILPart timeJoin Swedberg Electric and become part of a team known for delivering quality electrical solutions, building lasting client relationships, and supporting employee growth through a culture of professionalism, safety, and excellence. Build and strengthen relationships with general contractors, developers, owners, facility managers, municipalities, and end users.