Manufacturing Engineer PneuDraulics, Inc.Manufacturing EngineerHarrison, MI$85,000–$115,000 / yearEssential Duties and Responsibilities: Creates manufacturing planning masters from engineering drawings, updates existing masters to latest revision level, through DCN\u2019s/ECO\u2019s. [vc_row kd_background_overlay="default" kd_background_image_position="vc_row-bg-position-top"][vc_column][vc_column_text css=""]The Manufacturing Engineer plans, directs and coordinates manufacturing processes by performing the following duties.
Senior Radar Research Engineer Michigan Technological UniversitySenior Radar Research EngineerAnn Arbor, MIOther Conditions of Employment: Please note that successful applicants are responsible for ensuring their eligibility to work in the United States (i.e. a citizen or national of the United States, a lawful permanent resident, a foreign national authorized to work in the United States without the need of an employer sponsorship) on or before the effective date of your appointment, and maintain eligibility without sponsorship throughout your appointment. In compliance with the federal Drug-Free Schools and Communities Act (DFSCA) and its implementing regulations (34 CFR Part 86), Michigan Tech is committed to maintaining a drugfree campus environment and actively promoting the health and safety of its community.
Principal Customer Service Engineer Cadence Design Systems IncPrincipal Customer Service EngineerLivonia, MI$92,400–$171,600 / yearCadences Physical Systems Design & Analysis group is seeking a Principal Customer Service Engineer (Principal CSE) to support our Finite Element Analysis (FEA) and Virtual Manufacturing & Costing (VMC) team. This role is ideal for an experienced simulation engineer who enjoys solving complex customer problems, leading technical engagements, and contributing to both project delivery and presales activities.
Machine Learning Engineer III Michigan Technological UniversityMachine Learning Engineer IIIAnn Arbor, MIOther Conditions of Employment: Please note that successful applicants are responsible for ensuring their eligibility to work in the United States (i.e. a citizen or national of the United States, a lawful permanent resident, a foreign national authorized to work in the United States without the need of an employer sponsorship) on or before the effective date of your appointment, and maintain eligibility without sponsorship throughout your appointment. This role focuses on designing, developing, and evaluating advanced ML algorithms and systems, leading technical execution across research programs, and advancing capabilities from early-stage concepts through prototype demonstration.
NewManufacturing Engineer Kratos DefenseManufacturing EngineerAuburn Hills, MIThe position works cross-functionally with Operations, Engineering, Quality, Supply Chain, Configuration Management, Program Management, Test, and suppliers to ensure manufacturing processes are safe, repeatable, capable, properly documented, and aligned with customer, engineering, quality, cost, and delivery requirements. The Manufacturing / Process Engineer is expected to work primarily where the work is performed, rapidly contain production issues, determine root cause, implement sustainable corrective actions, and verify that improvements are effective.
Automotive HIL Engineer CarMaker TechDigital CorporationAutomotive HIL Engineer CarMakerDearborn, MIDevelop chassis (brakes, steering, suspension) control algorithms for advanced chassis systems to deliver vehicle attributes, including control architecture selection, algorithm simulation, implementation, and verification and validation via leveraging a combination of model-in-the-loop (MIL), software-in-the-loop (SIL), hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) and vehicle test environment. The Hardware-in-the-Loop (HiL) Engineer supports the product development and system integration processes by developing test procedures for automated execution, implementing tests using Hardware-in-the-Loop equipment, documenting and reviewing execution reports, reporting incidents, and tracking software updates to fix issues.
Senior Systems Engineer The Staffing Resource Group, IncSenior Systems EngineerTroy, MICreate SysML use-case, activity, block-definition, internal-block, and parametric diagrams for all components while ensuring they meet INCOSE MBSE guidelines. Summary: Serve as the primary technical authority and team manager for software projects developed in support of our Department of Defense customers.
Chief Engineer III CrossFire GroupChief Engineer IIINew Hudson, MI$145,000–$196,000 / yearThis role serves as a technical leader and specialty authority, driving execution across complex engineering programs while aligning solutions to customer needs and strategic objectives. This is a high-impact leadership role with responsibility for both project delivery and team development, ideal for someone with deep defense expertise and a strong systems mindset.
Systems Engineer The Staffing Resource Group, IncSystems EngineerTroy, MICreate SysML use-case, activity, block-definition, internal-block, and parametric diagrams for all components while ensuring they meet INCOSE MBSE guidelines. Summary: Serve as the primary technical authority and team manager for software projects developed in support of our Department of Defense customers.
Software Requirements Engineer CrossFire GroupSoftware Requirements EngineerAuburn Hills, MIThis role will work closely with internal stakeholders, external partners, and third-party software development teams to ensure software requirements are properly defined, documented, validated, and compliant with customer and contractual requirements. Position Summary We are seeking an experienced Software Requirements Engineer to lead the development, management, and traceability of software requirements across complex engineering programs.
Corrosion Lead Test Engineer Stellantis NVCorrosion Lead Test EngineerChelsea, MIThe ideal candidate will have extensive experience in corrosion testing, strong analytical skills, and the ability to work collaboratively with cross-functional teams. D. in a related field • Experience in the automotive or aerospace industries • Professional Engineer (PE) certification • Knowledge of LeanSix Sigma methodologies.
Lead Power Systems Engineer Williams InternationalLead Power Systems EngineerPontiac, MIWilliams International is a Drug Free Workplace where all new team members and contractors are subject to pre-employment drug testing for the following controlled substances: marijuana, cocaine, PCP, amphetamines, opioids and alcohol as policy dictates. The lead power systems engineer will work closely with design and infrastructure teams using expert insight to define system requirements and develop innovative solutions for integrated microgrid systems.
Quality Engineer - Plant 3 Howmet Aerospace IncQuality Engineer - Plant 3MIRelationship--connects individually and with teams across shifts and practices; builds rapport and commonality; creates a "win together" ethic; serves as liaison between shop floor and engineering; keeps the pulse of the floor; helps people feel heard. Systems thinker--sees the business and its operation holistically; understands actions and reactions; considers multiple pathways of potential effect before decisions; thinks strategically about interventions with an eye toward scale.
Professional Engineer - Structural Forensics (Michigan area) (56897) Applied Technical Services IncProfessional Engineer - Structural Forensics (Michigan area) (56897)MIU.S. Forensic tailors its consulting engineering services to meet each client's unique needs, and its experienced forensic engineers and investigators support a wide range of industries. U.S. Forensic, LLC, an ATS Family of Companies, assists commercial and industrial clients by performing forensic evaluations, reporting, and expert witness testimony.
Injection Molding Simulation Engineer Howmet AerospaceInjection Molding Simulation EngineerWhitehall, MIFull timeTo learn more about the way Howmet Aerospace Inc. is advancing the sustainability of our customers, markets, and communities where we operate, review the 2025 Environmental Social and Governance report at www.howmet.com/esg-report. Howmet Aerospace Inc. (NYSE: HWM), headquartered in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, is a leading global provider of advanced engineered solutions for the aerospace and transportation industries.
CAD Engineer / Specialist Howmet AerospaceCAD Engineer / SpecialistWhitehall, MIFull timeRelationship --connects individually and with teams across shifts and practices; builds rapport and commonality; creates a "win together" ethic; serves as liaison between shop floor and engineering; keeps the pulse of the floor; helps people feel heard. To learn more about the way Howmet Aerospace Inc. is advancing the sustainability of our customers, markets, and communities where we operate, review the 2025 Environmental Social and Governance report at www.howmet.com/esg-report.
NewSenior Mechanical Engineer, Fuel Cells Redwire Defense TechSenior Mechanical Engineer, Fuel CellsAnn Arbor, Michigan$105,000–$135,000 / yearThe Senior Mechanical Engineer is responsible for leading the design, development, and validation of complex mechanical systems and subsystems for Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) power systems used in uncrewed aerial systems (UAS) and in portable power generators. The engineer independently owns major subsystem designs—balancing performance, reliability, and manufacturability—and contributes to the broader engineering architecture through technical review and mentorship.
Injection Molding Development Engineer Howmet Aerospace IncInjection Molding Development EngineerWhitehall, MITo learn more about the way Howmet Aerospace Inc. is advancing the sustainability of our customers, markets, and communities where we operate, review the 2025 Environmental Social and Governance report at www.howmet.com/esg-report. Howmet Aerospace Inc. (NYSE: HWM), headquartered in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, is a leading global provider of advanced engineered solutions for the aerospace and transportation industries.
Coatings Engineer - Plant 4 Howmet Aerospace IncCoatings Engineer - Plant 4Whitehall, MIRelationship--connects individually and with teams across shifts and practices; builds rapport and commonality; creates a "win together" ethic; serves as liaison between shop floor and engineering; keeps the pulse of the floor; helps people feel heard. Manufacturing Support - Monitors manufacturing output to ensure process control; Responds to manufacturing needs: training, work instructions and interpretation; Creates and updates work instructions needed to perform manufacturing processes.
NewProcess Engineer - Core Process Owner - Plant 3 Howmet Aerospace IncProcess Engineer - Core Process Owner - Plant 3Whitehall, MIRelationship--connects individually and with teams across shifts and practices; builds rapport and commonality; creates a "win together" ethic; serves as liaison between shop floor and engineering; keeps the pulse of the floor; helps people feel heard. Systems thinker--sees the business and its operation holistically; understands actions and reactions; considers multiple pathways of potential effect before decisions; thinks strategically about interventions with an eye toward scale.
NewHealth & Safety Engineer Howmet Aerospace IncHealth & Safety EngineerWhitehall, MIRelationship--connects individually and with teams across shifts and practices; builds rapport and commonality; creates a "win together" ethic; serves as liaison between shop floor and engineering; keeps the pulse of the floor; helps people feel heard. To learn more about the way Howmet Aerospace Inc. is advancing the sustainability of our customers, markets, and communities where we operate, review the 2025 Environmental Social and Governance report at www.howmet.com/esg-report.
Batteries Engineer - Senior Power Hardware General Dynamics CorpBatteries Engineer - Senior Power HardwareSterling Heights, MIHeadquartered in Reston, Virginia, General Dynamics is a global aerospace and defense company offering a broad portfolio of products and services in business aviation; ship construction and repair; land combat vehicles, weapons systems and munitions; and technology products and services. Description: Position Overview: General Dynamics Land Systems, part of General Dynamics, is seeking an Electrical Power Hardware Engineer to lead the design, development, and integration of smart High and Low Voltage Electrical Power Storage and Power Management Hardware solutions.
Senior Mechanical Design Engineer – Precision Systems KLASenior Mechanical Design Engineer – Precision SystemsAnn Arbor, MichiganEnabling the movement towards advanced chip design, KLA's Global Products Group (GPG), which is responsible for creating all of KLA’s metrology and inspection products, is looking for the best and the brightest research scientist, software engineers, application development engineers, and senior product technology process engineers. Our expert teams of physicists, engineers, data scientists and problem-solvers work together with the world’s leading technology providers to accelerate the delivery of tomorrow’s electronic devices.
Chassis Software Engineer Ford Motor CoChassis Software EngineerDearborn, MI$93,642–$190,500 / yearBachelor's degree or foreign equivalent in Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Aerospace Engineering, Computer Science or a related field and 3 years of experience in the job offered or a related occupation. Perform software functional validation (model-in-the-loop/software-in-the-loop), working closely with chassis controls analytical methods test engineers to prove out functions.
Lead Sealing Systems Engineer Koch IncLead Sealing Systems EngineerRochester Hills, MILead Sealing Systems Engineer - United States - 188505 - Koch. Koch Engineered Solutions.
Supplier Quality Engineer iMPact Business Group, Inc.Supplier Quality EngineerMuskegon, MIOur client, a highly successful and growing manufacturing organization in the Muskegon, Michigan area, is seeking a Supplier Quality Engineer to join their team on a 6+ month contract assignment with strong potential for direct hire. This is an excellent opportunity for a quality-driven professional who enjoys working cross-functionally, building supplier relationships, and driving continuous improvement in a fast-paced manufacturing environment.
Project Engineer Senior - Roush Products Group Roush Enterprises IncProject Engineer Senior - Roush Products GroupLivonia, MIJob Summary: The Project Engineer Senior within Roush Products Group (RPG) is a broad role that requires working on a variety of automotive vehicle systems including powertrain, body and chassis related systems. Widely recognized for providing engineering, testing, prototype, and manufacturing services to the transportation industry, Roush also provides significant support to the aerospace, defense and theme park industries.
Electrical Distribution System (EDS) Quality Engineer Ford Motor CoElectrical Distribution System (EDS) Quality EngineerDearborn, MI$84,480–$141,360 / yearDrive Root Cause & Prevention: Lead cross-functional teams in rigorous root-cause analysis and establish permanent Prevent Recurrence Actions (PRA) for quality issues identified before, during, and after vehicle launch, utilizing structured problem-solving tools (with a strong emphasis on the 3-Legged 5-Why approach). As the Electrical Distribution System (EDS) Quality Engineer, you will play a pivotal role in ensuring that our vehicles' low-voltage and high-voltage Electrical Distribution Systems meet rigorous design requirements, engineering specifications, and-most importantly-the high expectations of our customers.
Senior Hardware Manufacturing Test Engineer Ford Motor CoSenior Hardware Manufacturing Test EngineerAllen Park, MI$135,420–$226,980 / yearThe Senior Engineer is expected to operate with a high degree of autonomy, provide technical leadership across cross‑functional teams, mentor junior engineers, and act as a key contributor in manufacturing readiness reviews and new product introductions (NPI). We are seeking a highly experienced Senior Manufacturing Hardware Test Engineer to lead the architecture, development, and deployment of end‑of‑line (EOL) manufacturing test systems for electronic and electromechanical products.
System Design Engineer AVL List GmbHSystem Design EngineerPlymouth, MIThe role collaborates closely with project managers, applications engineers, controls engineers, electrical and mechanical designers, and commissioning teams to ensure successful implementation and operation of the complete test solution. Responsibilities include managing technical interfaces between emissions analyzers, sample handling systems, dilution tunnels, particulate measurement equipment, automation systems, facility utilities, and customer-owned equipment while balancing engineering cost, quality, and schedule objectives.
NewWelding & Joining Launch Engineer, Armored Vehicles - GM Defense General Motors CoWelding & Joining Launch Engineer, Armored Vehicles - GM DefenseWarren, MIWelding & Joining Launch Engineer - Armored Vehicles: Work with Manufacturing Architects, ME, PI, Design, Quality, and Program teams to identify all welding and joining special conditions on armored vehicle programs (critical joints, ballistic zones, fatigue‑critical regions). The Welding & Joining Launch Engineer - Armored Vehicles is responsible for launching and validating welding and joining processes (with emphasis on MIG welding of armored structures) for GM Defense vehicle programs.
Senior Software Engineer - Vehicle Modeling General Motors CoSenior Software Engineer - Vehicle ModelingWarren, MI$129,400–$198,400 / yearBenefit options include medical, dental, vision, Health Savings Account, Flexible Spending Accounts, retirement savings plan, sickness and accident benefits, life insurance, paid vacation & holidays, tuition assistance programs, employee assistance program, GM vehicle discounts and more. A bachelors degree in Mechanical Engineering, Applied Physics, Aerospace Engineering, Computer Science, or a related area, and at least 3 years of experience in the vehicle modeling domain.
Senior Calibration Engineer - Roush Power Systems RoushSenior Calibration Engineer - Roush Power SystemsLivonia, MIRoush Power Systems manufactures and sells world-class power systems for the on-road and off-road market sectors focused on class 4-8 commercial vehicles, mobile off-road, and stationary off-road equipment. Widely recognized for providing engineering, testing, prototype, and manufacturing services to the transportation industry, Roush also provides significant support to the aerospace, defense and theme park industries.
Project Engineer Senior - Roush Products Group ROUSHProject Engineer Senior - Roush Products GroupLivonia, MIPlease visit our careers page and apply by clicking on this link: https://jobs.roush.com/us/en /Visit our website: www.roush.com Like us on Facebook: www.facebook.com/RoushCareers Roush is an EO employer – Veterans/Disabled and other protected categoriesIf you need a reasonable accommodation for our employment application process due to disability, please contact Roush Talent Acquisition at (734) 779-7087. Job Summary: The Project Engineer Senior within Roush Products Group (RPG) is a broad role that requires working on a variety of automotive vehicle systems including powertrain, body and chassis related systems .
Senior SOTIF Engineer TORC Robotics LLCSenior SOTIF EngineerAnn Arbor, MI$177,300–$212,800 / yearIn this role, you will lead safety critical initiatives and safety assessments, risk analyses, and safety improvements with close collaboration with our AI-ML and SW development teams, helping shape the future of autonomous trucking technology. You will work with functional safety engineers, system engineers, design teams, AI-ML engineers, and SW Devs to ensure that SOTIF acceptance criteria are met and that autonomous systems operate safely and effectively under all conditions.
Supplier Quality Engineer Stellantis NVSupplier Quality EngineerAuburn Hills, MIOverall, the engineer will lead all problem-solving activities with internal and external organizations, manage warranty with their suppliers, and ensure best practices/lessons learned are applied across the several different vehicle programs. The Interior Supplier Quality Engineer (SQE) is responsible for managing different supplier locations and parts to ensure high quality products are produced and transported to Stellantis Assembly Plants.
Supplier Quality Engineer-Interior Stellantis NVSupplier Quality Engineer-InteriorAuburn Hills, MIOverall, the engineer will lead all problem-solving activities with internal and external organizations, manage warranty with their suppliers, and ensure best practices/lessons learned are applied across the several different vehicle programs. The Interior Supplier Quality Engineer (SQE) is responsible for managing different supplier locations and parts to ensure high quality products are produced and transported to Stellantis Assembly Plants.
NewPropulsion Systems VTM, Thermal Mgmt Simulation \u0026 Analysis Engineer Stellantis NVPropulsion Systems VTM, Thermal Mgmt Simulation \u0026 Analysis EngineerAuburn Hills, MIJob Description: The PRS simulation and analysis Engineer is responsible for using and developing proprietary models to size the vehicle thermal system; The Simulation Engineer is responsible for the integration of basic control logics of thermal actuators; Creates and uses pre-processing and post-processing tools and provide support program management; Compare the model results with test data and correlate the model accordingly; Communication of the results in oral presentations and written reports to Chief Engineers, COEs, Component Engineers and others including Powertrain management is required and a must. The engineer will support the hardware team in component sizing (heat exchangers, fans, compressors), run transient simulations, and collaborate closely with physical testing teams to validate and correlate models.
Principal Computer Hardware Engineer General Dynamics Land Systems IncPrincipal Computer Hardware EngineerSterling Heights, MISupport the overall development of a common Electronic Architecture within GDLS by focusing on detailed electronic hardware design approaches across the full suite of vehicle electronic hardware, including general purpose and AI processors, memory, solid state storage, flat panel displays, graphics/video transport, and others. Headquartered in Reston, Virginia, General Dynamics is a global aerospace and defense company offering a broad portfolio of products and services in business aviation; ship construction and repair; land combat vehicles, weapons systems and munitions; and technology products and services.
Senior Electrical Validation Engineer Stellantis NVSenior Electrical Validation EngineerAuburn Hills, MIThe Engineer will require the extensive use of CAN testing tools and traditional electrical testing equipment in an electrical lab atmosphere to test and troubleshoot vehicle systems on some or all test properties: Plywood Buck, Vehicle-Hardware-in-the-Loop (VHIL), subsystem Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL), and/or vehicles. For HILs testing, the Engineer may develop procedures for manual and automated execution; implementing and executing tests using HIL equipment; documenting and reviewing execution reports; reporting issues, and tracking software updates to fix issues.
3D-CFD-Senior Propulsion System Virtual Engineer \u2013 Combustion System Stellantis NV3D-CFD-Senior Propulsion System Virtual Engineer \u2013 Combustion SystemAuburn Hills, MIPreferred Qualifications: Master degree in Computer Science, Computer Engineering, Electrical Engineering, or a related field or PhD in Mechanical Engineering, Chemical engineering, Aerospace/Aeronautical Engineering or Applied Physics. Participates in product design and development teams and regularly presents analysis results to engineering peers, Chief engineers and propulsion system management.
Senior Software Engineer BorgWarner IncSenior Software EngineerAuburn Hills, MI$100,800–$141,750 / yearBorgWarner Drivetrain & Morse Systems is currently looking for "dynamic, results driven" individual to join as a Software Development Engineer in our Application Engineering organization at our Propulsion Technical Center (PTC) in Auburn Hills, MI. Familiarity with automotive electrical and mechatronic embedded systems (brush/brushless DC motors, solenoids, relays, electromagnetic coils, switches, indicators, etc.) preferred.
Industrial Engineer - Factory Relocation_Plant Move Specialist LHP Engineering SolutionsIndustrial Engineer - Factory Relocation_Plant Move SpecialistPontiac, MIThe engineer works cross-functionally with Manufacturing, Facilities, Supply Chain, Quality, Maintenance, EHS, Contractors, and Executive Management to successfully relocate production assets while improving productivity, material flow, and overall plant efficiency. This role serves as the primary engineering lead for ensuring manufacturing assets are relocated safely, efficiently, and with minimal impact to production, quality, and customer delivery commitments.
Process Engineer - Plant 3 Howmet AerospaceProcess Engineer - Plant 3Whitehall, MIThis position will be located in our Plants 1 & 3, Whitehall Casting Operation, and will support manufacturing through process control and improvement initiatives, assume responsibility for integrity for assigned products, establish and maintain external and internal customer contacts, document and prepare part specific work instruction, maintain knowledge of job cost, and develop/implement appropriate plans to improve profitability. Relationship--connects individually and with teams across shifts and practices; builds rapport and commonality; creates a “win together” ethic; serves as liaison between shop floor and engineering; keeps the pulse of the floor; helps people feel heard.
PD Systems Functional Safety Engineer Ford Motor CoPD Systems Functional Safety EngineerDearborn, MI$7–$8 / hourBachelor's Degree in Electrical, Aerospace, Mechanical, Systems, Computer Engineering or related degree; or foreign equivalency degree, or a combination of equivalent experience and education. Master''s Degree in Electrical, Aerospace, Mechanical, Systems, Computer Engineering or related degree; or foreign equivalency degree, or a combination of equivalent experience and education.
PWMS/Fan Mod Center Quality Engineer (Onsite) RTX CorpPWMS/Fan Mod Center Quality Engineer (Onsite)Holt, MIQualifications You Must Have: Bachelor's degree required in related engineering field (Engineering, Manufacturing, etc) and minimum 5 years prior relevant experience, or An Advanced Degree in a related field and minimum 3 years experience. What You Will Do: In this role you will act as the quality liaison for PWMS (Pratt Whitney Manufacturing Singapore) to drive improvement in quality signature of manufacturing and business processes.
Structural Analysis Engineer Williams InternationalStructural Analysis EngineerPontiac, MIThe Structural Analysis Engineer will be responsible for delivering structural assessments of various turbomachinery components such as fans, compressors, combustors, nozzles, turbines, seals, and pressurized cases. Williams International is a Drug Free Workplace where all new team members and contractors are subject to pre-employment drug testing for the following controlled substances: marijuana, cocaine, PCP, amphetamines, opioids and alcohol as policy dictates.
Data Engineer Howmet Aerospace IncData EngineerWhitehall, MIIf you enjoy matching complex physical processes to corresponding data across multiple data sources, and transforming the data into reliable, documented datasets for use in machine learning, reporting, and visualization tools, we would love to talk with you! This team is part of a multidisciplinary R&D group responsible for advancing the state-of-the-art in aerospace manufacturing at our casting, alloy, core and rings manufacturing facilities.
Product Engineer Kratos DefenseProduct EngineerAuburn Hills, MIReporting to the Lead Product Engineer, the Product Engineer leads engineering execution at the product and project level , coordinating cross-functional activities across Design Engineering, Manufacturing, Test, Quality, Supply Chain, and Program Management to ensure products are technically mature, configuration-controlled, and ready to build, test, and deliver. The Product Engineer is responsible for leading assigned products and engineering workstreams across their full lifecycle , from requirements definition through design release, production support, and customer delivery.
NewSenior Principal Engineer – Engineering Excellence & Problem Solving Kratos DefenseSenior Principal Engineer – Engineering Excellence & Problem SolvingAuburn Hills, MIThe Senior Principal Engineer applies Design for Six Sigma, Lean Six Sigma, reliability engineering, statistical analysis, and advanced root-cause methods to resolve complex technical issues involving turbine-engine performance, design variation, manufacturing processes, supplier components, materials, dimensional conditions, measurement systems, assembly, and testing. The Senior Principal Engineer Engineering Excellence & Problem Solving serves as a senior individual-contributor and technical subject-matter expert responsible for leading complex engineering investigations, improving product and process robustness, and strengthening TDIs structured problem-solving capabilities.