NewSystems Engineer JobotSystems EngineerHampton, VA$100,000–$110,000 / yearInformation collected and processed as part of your Jobot candidate profile, and any job applications, resumes, or other information you choose to submit is subject to Jobot's Privacy Policy, as well as the Jobot California Worker Privacy Notice and Jobot Notice Regarding Automated Employment Decision Tools which are available at jobot.com/legal. Their platforms help agencies improve traffic flow, road safety, and air quality, and they support large-scale, high-volume transportation networks worldwide.
NewSoftware Engineer (JAVA) JobotSoftware Engineer (JAVA)Chesapeake, VA$45–$57 / hourInformation collected and processed as part of your Jobot candidate profile, and any job applications, resumes, or other information you choose to submit is subject to Jobot's Privacy Policy, as well as the Jobot California Worker Privacy Notice and Jobot Notice Regarding Automated Employment Decision Tools which are available at jobot.com/legal. Driven by a commitment to excellence and a passion for advancing transportation technology, we help public and private sector organizations modernize infrastructure, improve mobility outcomes, and build smarter, more connected communities.
Graduate Transportation Engineer PennoniGraduate Transportation EngineerVirginia Beach, VirginiaAssist with the structural analysis and/or design of Bridges (highway & railroad), culverts, retaining walls, and overhead sign structures on a variety of projects (bridge replacement/rehabilitation, highway improvement, etc.); this includes multi-disciplinary projects for various agencies in the Mid-Atlantic region! Assist with traffic engineering tasks ranging from traffic impact analysis (TIA), safety evaluations, signal analysis and design and the preparation of signing and pavement marking plans, MOT / construction phasing plans, transportation management plans (TMPs), and lighting plans.
NewSenior Transportation Engineer AECOSenior Transportation EngineerVirginia Beach, VA$135,000–$170,000 / yearProjects may include city and county localities, state transportation agencies and federal agencies such as USACE and NAVFAC.In this role the Civil Engineer will perform transportation engineering tasks including design of highways, streets, lighting, ITS, traffic signals, signing, pavement markings, right of way, traffic control plans, specifications, estimates, public involvement, fieldwork, construction phase services, transportation systems, drainage structures, surface hydrology, sewers, tunnels and bridge structures. Preferred QualificationsPE license in Maryland or the ability to obtain reciprocity in the DC - Metro regional statesPrevious experience with USACE projectsAdditional InformationSponsorship is not available for this positionRelocation support is not available for this roleComprehensive benefits include medical, dental, vision, life, AD&D, disability benefits, paid time off, leaves of absence, voluntary benefits, perks, flexible work options, well-being resources, employee assistance program, business travel insurance, service recognition awards, retirement savings plan, and employee stock purchase plan.
Senior Technical Transportation Engineer WSP Global IncSenior Technical Transportation EngineerVA$111,200–$198,300 / yearLead and manage large-scale heavy civil engineering projects ensuring contributors know what they are required to do and by when, preparing and overseeing relevant project budgets, monitoring external events, tracking hours and expenses, ensuring satisfactory performance, and supervising subcontractors, contract work, and employees. Apply high-level civil engineering techniques and processes to identify improvements for various infrastructure project phases involving more complex infrastructure and transportation engineering work including concept development, preliminary design, final design, procurement, construction, and operation.
Lead Transportation Engineer WSP Global IncLead Transportation EngineerVA$95,000–$169,300 / yearCandidate will be expected to provide subject matter technical support and leadership for multi-site/phased heavy civil programs including site layout, roadway, MOT, grading, drainage, stormwater management, utility and erosion & sediment control across the public and private sectors. Develop construction plans, specifications, reports and cost estimates; preparing construction safety and phasing plans and updating infrastructure layout plans that require coordination with owners, other disciplines, sub-consultants, and clients in accordance with required level of effort and detail at deliverable milestone.
Civil Engineer Transportation/Traffic Kimley-Horn and Associates IncCivil Engineer Transportation/TrafficVirginia Beach, VAPerform traffic engineering and project management tasks to deliver a wide variety of transportation planning, transit, traffic engineering, safety, and intelligent transportation systems (ITS) projects for many, diverse clients. Manage their projects profitably, engage in hands-on practice and delivery of projects, transition work to qualified staff, and act as a positive leader and mentor.
Civil Engineer - Transportation/Traffic Kimley-HornCivil Engineer - Transportation/TrafficVirginia Beach, VirginiaResponsibilities: Perform traffic engineering and project management tasks to deliver a wide variety of transportation planning, signal timing, traffic engineering, safety, and modeling projects for many, diverse clients. Manage their projects profitably, engage in hands-on practice and delivery of projects, transition work to qualified staff, and act as a positive leader and mentor.
NewHybrid Senior Transportation Engineer - High-Impact Design AECOHybrid Senior Transportation Engineer - High-Impact DesignVirginia Beach, VAThe growing transportation department for roadway and structural design is looking for an experienced individual who has a strong background with various transportation projects. In this role the Civil Engineer will perform transportation engineering tasks including design of#J-18808-Ljbffr.
Civil Project Engineer II/III - Transportation Roadway Design Timmons Group IncCivil Project Engineer II/III - Transportation Roadway DesignVirginia Beach, VA$82,000–$90,000 / yearAs one of Engineering News Record's (ENR) Top 500 Design Firms for over 30 years, we are dedicated to being an employer of choice and providing our people with the best resources, technology, and culture to help them thrive in an engaging career development setting. With 21 offices throughout the Mid-Atlantic and Southeast, we provide civil engineering, environmental, economic development, GIS/geospatial technology, landscape architecture, and surveying services to a diverse client base.
Senior Transportation Roadway Engineer Vanasse Hangen Brustlin IncSenior Transportation Roadway EngineerVirginia Beach, VAWe're an inspired and innovative team of engineers, scientists, planners, and designers who partner with clients in the transportation, real estate, institutional, and energy industries, as well as federal, state, and local governments. Sponsored by Deloitte Private and The Wall Street Journal, the award celebrates companies demonstrating excellence in strategy, execution, culture, and financial performance-qualities that continue to drive our growth and success.
Transportation Roadway Engineer Vanasse Hangen Brustlin IncTransportation Roadway EngineerVirginia Beach, VAWe're an inspired and innovative team of engineers, scientists, planners, and designers who partner with clients in the transportation, real estate, institutional, and energy industries, as well as federal, state, and local governments. Sponsored by Deloitte Private and The Wall Street Journal, the award celebrates companies demonstrating excellence in strategy, execution, culture, and financial performance-qualities that continue to drive our growth and success.
Associate Civil Engineer - Transportation PennoniAssociate Civil Engineer - TransportationVirginia Beach, VirginiaPennoni Associates is currently seeking a AssociateTransportation Civil Engineer to join our team in our Virginia Beach, VA office, with experience consistent, but not limited to: Work as a part of design team in the successful project delivery for clients including VDOT, NCDOT, and agencies in the Mid-Atlantic Region and locally administered transportation projects in Virginia. Project types include transportation improvement projects, safety improvement projects, bridge replacement projects and multi-use trail projects.
Project Engineer -Civil Bridge Structures & Transportation PCL Constructors IncProject Engineer -Civil Bridge Structures & TransportationNorfolk, VAProficient in Primavera P6, Microsoft Office Suite (Excel, Word, etc.), Bluebeam, Procore or similar platforms, AutoCAD or equivalent design tools, and other project management and scheduling software, with a strong ability to quickly learn and adopt new technologies. As a Project Engineer -Civil Bridge Structures & Transportation for PCL Civil Constructors, Inc. in Norfolk, Virginia, Tampa, Florida, you will contribute to PCL Civil Constructors, Inc. by supporting our Bridge Structures and Transportation projects in Norfolk, Virginia.
Transportation Systems and Technology Leader Vanasse Hangen Brustlin IncTransportation Systems and Technology LeaderVirginia Beach, VA$135,000–$215,000 / yearVHB is seeking a dynamic and experienced Transportation Systems/Technology Leader to drive innovation and excellence in our growing Transportation Technology Group across the Mid-Atlantic Region. This offer is determined based on a number of job-related factors including internal comparators, skills, education, training, credentials, experience, scope and complexity of role responsibilities and geographic location.
Transportation Planning Project Manager Vanasse Hangen Brustlin IncTransportation Planning Project ManagerVirginia Beach, VA$120,000–$185,000 / yearThis includes partnering with public and private clients at the federal, state, and local levels to improve mobility, enhance communities, boost economic vitality, and balance development and infrastructure needs with environmental stewardship. This offer is determined based on a number of job-related factors including internal comparators, skills, education, training, credentials, experience, scope and complexity of role responsibilities and geographic location.
Transportation Construction Inspector (All levels - Hampton Roads District) ATCSTransportation Construction Inspector (All levels - Hampton Roads District)Newport News, VA$17–$41.97 / hourWe're open to candidates with varying levels of experience - Inspectors, Trainees, Senior Inspectors to join our team in the Hampton Roads area! Oversight of contractor work crews to ensure compliance with contract documents, reading and interpretation of contract documents to verify that safe construction practices are being utilized to produce quality results.
Transportation Construction Inspector (All levels - Hampton Roads District) ATCS PlcTransportation Construction Inspector (All levels - Hampton Roads District)Newport News, VA$17–$41.97 / hourWe're open to candidates with varying levels of experience - Inspectors, Trainees, Senior Inspectors to join our team in the Hampton Roads area! Oversight of contractor work crews to ensure compliance with contract documents, reading and interpretation of contract documents to verify that safe construction practices are being utilized to produce quality results.
Senior Traffic Engineer Dewberry Engineers IncSenior Traffic EngineerVirginia Beach, VAPrimary responsibilities will be performing and managing traffic engineering design and studies related to work zone traffic control, signing and pavement markings, traffic signals, lighting, Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS), and traffic operational analyses. Applicants must have strong communication and interpersonal skills, the ability to monitor schedule and budgets, the ability to work in groups, and the ability to lead and mentor a group of junior traffic engineers.
Traffic Engineer GpacTraffic EngineerVirginia Beach, VA80000–120000Successful candidates will be expected to coordinate and manage a variety of traffic related engineering projects or task assignments including but not limited to: traffic signal plans, signing and pavement marking plans, ITS plans, crash analysis, planning studies, traffic analysis and studies (TIS, HOP, TMP), maintenance and protection of traffic plans, ITS systems engineering and architecture, and simulation modelling. As their team continues to grow, they are seeking a highly motivated Traffic Engineer to join their team to work closely with staff engineers on challenging and exciting projects largely in urban areas.
Senior Mechanical Engineer AECOMSenior Mechanical EngineerVirginia Beach, VA$115,000–$155,000 / yearReqID:** J10148904 **Business Line:** B&P - Buildings & Places **Business Group:** DCS **Strategic Business Unit:** East **Career Area:** Engineering **Work Location Model:** Hybrid **Compensation:** USD 115000 - USD 155000 - yearly + Working closely with other departments from the AECOM project team/office, including civil, building engineering, architecture, geotechnical, traffic engineers, Federal team, landscape architects, and surveyors to provide value and partner in project opportunities.
Traffic Operations Engineer (VA) Tiger Resourcing GroupTraffic Operations Engineer (VA)Virginia Beach, VirginiaWe are seeking an experienced and motivated Traffic Operations Engineer to join our team and support traffic signal systems management, operations, and coordination projects. This role requires someone based within a reasonable commuting distance of Virginia Beach, VA, and includes a flexible split between office work, remote working, and time in the field.
Senior Structural (Bridge) Engineer Dewberry Engineers IncSenior Structural (Bridge) EngineerVirginia Beach, VAThe team player we seek must have a BS degree in Civil Engineering (with an emphasis on Structural Engineering) and 10+ years of experience delivering structural and bridge projects for VDOT, MSHA, and/or other state and local agencies. The successful candidate will design simple and complex bridges (primarily of steel and concrete construction) and a variety of transportation related structures (retaining walls, culverts, sign structures and other ancillary structures).
Mid/Senior Roadway Engineer Rinker Design AssociatesMid/Senior Roadway EngineerVirginia Beach, Virginia$110,000–$160,000 / yearWhat You'll Do: Shape communities: Design and develop transportation projects including roads, highways, and traffic management systems that directly improve how people move. Rinker Design Associates, LLC (RDA) is looking for a passionate and skilled Roadway Engineer to join our growing Transportation Platform team.
Mid-level Roadway Engineer Rinker Design AssociatesMid-level Roadway EngineerVirginia Beach, Virginia$110,000–$160,000 / yearWhat You'll Do: Shape communities: Design and develop transportation projects including roads, highways, and traffic management systems that directly improve how people move. Rinker Design Associates, LLC (RDA) is looking for a passionate and skilled Roadway Engineer to join our growing Transportation Platform team.
Senior Roadway Engineer Rinker Design AssociatesSenior Roadway EngineerVirginia Beach, Virginia$110,000–$160,000 / yearWhat You'll Do: Shape communities: Design and develop transportation projects including roads, highways, and traffic management systems that directly improve how people move. Rinker Design Associates, LLC (RDA) is looking for a passionate and skilled Roadway Engineer to join our growing Transportation Platform team.
NewLead Water Resources Engineer/Project Manager STV Group IncLead Water Resources Engineer/Project ManagerVirginia Beach, VA$111,362.75–$127,271.72 / yearThis position offers the opportunity to work on impactful infrastructure projects supporting VDOT, DDOT, City of Alexandria, Amtrak, VPRA, and local municipalities, while advancing technical leadership and client engagement responsibilities. This role is ideal for an experienced water resources engineer who wants to lead complex design, support public-sector clients, and mentor early-career staff while contributing to high-visibility transportation programs.
Mid/Senior Roadway Engineer Trilon GroupMid/Senior Roadway EngineerVirginia Beach, VAWhat You'll Do: Shape communities: Design and develop transportation projects including roads, highways, and traffic management systems that directly improve how people move. Rinker Design Associates, LLC (RDA) is looking for a passionate and skilled Roadway Engineer to join our growing Transportation Platform team.
NewMid-level Roadway Engineer Mannik Smith GroupMid-level Roadway EngineerVirginia Beach, VAMid-level Roadway EngineerDepartment: TransportationEmployment Type: Full TimeLocation: Virginia Beach, VADescriptionDesign the Future of Virginia's Transportation with RDARinker Design Associates, LLC (RDA) is looking for a passionate and skilled Roadway Engineer to join our growing Transportation Platform team. Sign-On BonusWhat You'll Do:Shape communities: Design and develop transportation projects including roads, highways, and traffic management systems that directly improve how people move.
Water Resources Project Engineer I Johnson, Mirmiran & ThompsonWater Resources Project Engineer IVirginia Beach, VA$75,000–$110,000 / yearThe successful candidate will be well-versed across the Water Resources discipline with demonstrated design experience in drainage and stormwater management design, complex hydrologic and hydraulic modeling, and erosion and sediment control design with the supporting capabilities to perform a variety of concurrent design tasks in the civil engineering field. Johnson, Mirmiran & Thompson is a dynamic, 100% employee-owned consulting firm of more than 2,400 professionals that provides a full range of multi-disciplined engineering, architecture, information technology, and related services to public agencies and private clients throughout the United States.
Roadway Engineer - Mid-Level Whitman, Requardt and Associates LLPRoadway Engineer - Mid-LevelVirginia Beach, VAThe Roadway Project Engineer will be responsible for the design of horizontal and vertical alignments, development of roadway plans and profiles, roadside evaluation elements, maintenance of traffic design, preparation of construction plans, specifications, cost estimates and the development of technical reports. WRA is currently seeking an experienced Roadway Engineer with a strong technical background to support the growth of our practice in Virginia Beach, Virginia.
Senior Roadway Engineer Whitman, Requardt and Associates LLPSenior Roadway EngineerVirginia Beach, VAThe Senior Project Engineer is responsible for managing the development of the project including coordination with client and subconsultants and will be responsible for the design of horizontal and vertical alignments, development of roadway plans and profiles, roadside evaluation and design, maintenance of traffic design, preparation of construction plans, specifications, cost estimates and the development of technical reports. The Senior Project Engineer will be responsible for the planning and design of assigned projects by supervising the design efforts of junior engineers and coordinating with other design disciplines to develop project deliverables.
Senior Roadway Engineer/Project Manager ATCSSenior Roadway Engineer/Project ManagerNewport News, VA$125,000–$175,000 / yearThis is a hybrid position based in Hampton Roads (Virginia Beach or Newport News) or Glen Allen, offering the opportunity to work on high-profile VDOT and municipal roadway projects while helping shape the future of our roadway design practice. ATCS is seeking a Senior Roadway Engineer or Roadway Engineering Project Manager to join our growing Virginia transportation team.
02323 - Engineer Manager Signals Commonwealth of Virginia02323 - Engineer Manager SignalsVirginia Beach, VA$95,353–$154,948 / yearDescription for Candidates: Lead the Operations Engineering and Decision Support function by assisting in the program delivery of VDOT"s traffic systems management program, with concentration on efficient transportation network to include traffic signal timing and optimization, emergency management (planned and unplanned), special events management, freeway operations and evacuation strategy development. Experience using various transportation software (Signal System Central Software, Synchro, HCAS, CORSIM, VISSIM, etc.).Experience with ITS projects including feasibility studies, system design, analysis, deployment, construction, management and continuing operations and maintenance.
Marine Engineer GFT Infrastructure IncMarine EngineerNewport News, VA$115,000–$150,000 / yearWhether working on highways and bridges or traffic engineering, our team excels in resilient, sustainable design and construction, delivering innovative solutions that address the complexities of modern, multimodal roadway systems and ensure safe, efficient, and reliable travel for all. The Project Engineer will receive supervision and guidance related to overall objectives, critical issues, emerging concepts, and policy matters, while independently handling most day-to-day technical challenges.
Highway Project Engineer I Johnson, Mirmiran & ThompsonHighway Project Engineer IVirginia Beach, VA$100,000–$130,000 / yearJohnson, Mirmiran & Thompson is a dynamic, 100% employee-owned consulting firm with more than 2,800 professionals, providing a full range of multidisciplinary engineering, architecture, information technology, and related services to public agencies and private clients throughout the United States. Position Summary: The position will be responsible for engineering design using knowledge of general engineering principles and practices to interpret, organize, execute and coordinate assignments with limited supervision.
NewProject Engineer III RK&KProject Engineer IIIVirginia Beach, VAYou will leverage your advanced engineering expertise, sound judgment, and project leadership capabilities to deliver high-quality bridge design solutions for state DOTs and local municipal clients. Why RK&K?As a full‑service engineering and construction management firm, RK&K gives you the opportunity to directly impact the communities in which we live and work.
NewAerospace Engineer (Direct Hire) U.S. Department of TransportationAerospace Engineer (Direct Hire)Hampton, VA$77,351–$148,073 / yearIN ADDITION TO MEETING THE BASIC EDUCATIONAL REQUIREMENTS BELOW: To qualify for this position at the FV-I level: Candidates must have one year (52 weeks) of SPECIALIZED EXPERIENCE equivalent to at least the next lower grade level (FV-H or FG/GS-12) that is typically related to the line of work of the position to be filled and which has equipped the applicant with the particular knowledge, skills, and abilities to successfully perform the duties of the position. Significant investments are advancing the research and development of autonomous vehicles, environmentally friendly electric aircraft, high-speed and long-endurance solar-powered aircraft, and new types of space vehicles.
Drainage Project Engineer Rinker Design AssociatesDrainage Project EngineerVirginia Beach, Virginia$70,000–$85,000 / yearCareer Development: Gain diverse experience in highway, water resources, traffic, and utility design—ideal for growing your expertise in transportation engineering. As a Drainage Project Engineer , you'll have the opportunity to work alongside experienced professionals on transportation projects that make a lasting impact throughout Virginia.
NewITS & Traffic Design Engineer (EIT Track) HDRITS & Traffic Design Engineer (EIT Track)Virginia Beach, VAHDR is seeking an ITS/Traffic Designer / EIT to contribute to the design, implementation, and operation of intelligent transportation systems across highways, arterials, transit, and emerging mobility technologies. The role involves developing PS&E packages, performing system engineering analyses, and updating design documents.
Drainage Project Engineer Trilon GroupDrainage Project EngineerVirginia Beach, VA$70,000–$85,000 / yearCareer Development: Gain diverse experience in highway, water resources, traffic, and utility design-ideal for growing your expertise in transportation engineering. As a Drainage Project Engineer, you''ll have the opportunity to work alongside experienced professionals on transportation projects that make a lasting impact throughout Virginia.
Roadway Engineer Whitman, Requardt and Associates LLPRoadway EngineerVirginia Beach, VAIn this role, the engineer will work on a multi-disciplinary team developing roadway transportation plans for VDOT and/or municipal localities. We are a rapidly growing company, currently ranked 118 by ENR, and have doubled both the number of employees and offices in the last 10 years.
Civil Engineer V City of NorfolkCivil Engineer VNorfolk, VA$87,749.17–$93,999.11 / yearRegular full-time and permanent part-time employees may receive paid holidays, vacation and sick leave, employer paid pension plan, basic life insurance, voluntary participation in medical and dental, Section 457 deferred compensation, long-term disability, optional life insurance for self, spouse and children, medical and dependent care reimbursement plans, access to membership in credit union and employer provided parking. Work involves managing a program of planning and programming, design, right of way, and construction projects, both Norfolk and VDOT administered projects; the position also serves as the Citys liaison with VDOT for roadway and interstate work.
Aerospace Engineer-Aircraft Performance (Direct Hire) U.S. Department of TransportationAerospace Engineer-Aircraft Performance (Direct Hire)Hampton, VA$95,489–$148,037 / yearSignificant investments are advancing the research and development of autonomous vehicles, environmentally friendly electric aircraft, high-speed and long-endurance solar-powered aircraft, and new types of space vehicles. The Aerospace Engineer will plan and accomplish highly complex and challenging projects/programs and other work activities under the minimal direction of a manager, project/program manager, team leader, or more experienced engineer.
Project Highway Engineer - Virginia Beach, VA PennoniProject Highway Engineer - Virginia Beach, VAVirginia Beach, VirginiaThey focus on improving mobility, safety, connectivity and system preservation within the Hampton Roads and Central Virginia Region, collaborating on various roadway and bridge projects with public sector clients including the City of Portsmouth, City of Norfolk, City of Hampton, City of Williamsburg, City of Waynesboro, VDOT, NCDOT and the Chesapeake Bay Bridge Tunnel Authority (CBBTD) and the City of Tampa, Florida. Conceptual and final design of roadway, highway, and multi-modal engineering solutions for a variety of transportation-related projects including development of geometric horizontal and vertical layout, grading and drainage design, and utilities layout .
NewRoadway Engineer Design, Lead & Grow (Virginia Beach, VA) Mannik Smith GroupRoadway Engineer Design, Lead & Grow (Virginia Beach, VA)Virginia Beach, VAMannik Smith Group is seeking a Mid-level Roadway Engineer in Virginia Beach to join the Transportation Platform team. Applicants should have a Bachelor's degree in Civil or Transportation Engineering and 4–6 years of experience.
Senior Project Engineer Timmons Group IncSenior Project EngineerVirginia Beach, VA$100,000–$140,000 / yearActively assists the Project Manager or acts as Project Manager and assigns tasks and schedules to Project Engineers and project team members, answers questions and monitors progress. As one of Engineering News Record's (ENR) Top 500 Design Firms for over 30 years, we are dedicated to being an employer of choice and providing our people with the best resources, technology, and culture to help them thrive in an engaging career development setting.
Senior Field Engineer Flatiron Construction CorpSenior Field EngineerNorfolk, VAThis 17.6-mile bridge-tunnel complex, recognized as an engineering marvel of the modern world, is undergoing a major design-build expansion with the construction of the Parallel Thimble Shoal Tunnel to enhance capacity, safety, and reliability for travelers between Virginia Beach and the Eastern Shore. Works with construction crews and engineering leaders to plan field layout on the project site, ensuring appropriate utility and commercial lines are marked before production begins.
Field Engineer MEP Flatiron Construction CorpField Engineer MEPVirginia Beach, VAThis 17.6‑mile bridge‑tunnel complex, recognized as an engineering marvel of the modern world, is undergoing a major design‑build expansion with the construction of the Parallel Thimble Shoal Tunnel to enhance capacity, safety, and reliability for travelers between Virginia Beach and the Eastern Shore. Works with construction crews and engineering leaders to plan field layout on the project site, ensuring appropriate utility and commercial lines are marked before production begins.
Field Engineer Concrete Flatiron Construction CorpField Engineer ConcreteNorfolk, VAThis 17.6‑mile bridge‑tunnel complex, recognized as an engineering marvel of the modern world, is undergoing a major design‑build expansion with the construction of the Parallel Thimble Shoal Tunnel to enhance capacity, safety, and reliability for travelers between Virginia Beach and the Eastern Shore. Works with construction crews and engineering leaders to plan field layout on the project site, ensuring appropriate utility and commercial lines are marked before production begins.