Senior Electrical Engineer CACI International IncSenior Electrical EngineerAberdeen Proving Ground, MD$99,300–$208,600 / yearWith your advanced technical expertise and proven leadership skills, you will lead complex electrical analysis projects, manage cross-functional technical initiatives, and provide strategic technical guidance while developing junior engineering talent. This senior role requires exceptional technical depth, methodical analysis skills, the ability to synthesize complex technical information into clear, comprehensive reports for our customers, and demonstrated capability to influence project outcomes across multiple departments.
R&D Test Engineer University of DelawareR&D Test EngineerNewark, DEContext of Job: The University of Delaware, in close collaboration with industry, academic, and national laboratory partners including Chemours, Plug Power, West Virginia University, and the National Laboratory of Rockies (NLR), has established the Center for Clean Hydrogen (CCH). Work type: Staff 1 College or VP Area: Research Office 1 Locations: Newark, DE 1 Categories: Employment Type - Full Time 1 Staff & Administrative Areas: Engineering, Research & Laboratory.
Associate Director Staff Engineer Software OneMain Financial Group, LLCAssociate Director Staff Engineer SoftwareBaltimore, MDDefine and evolve scalable, resilient architectures for communication platforms supporting customer engagement (voice, messaging, digital channels). Design event-driven and streaming architectures to support real-time communication and marketing workflows.
Cloud Software Engineer Rider SolutionCloud Software EngineerMarylandSummary of Position: We are seeking a talented Cloud Engineer to contribute to the development of robust and repeatable cloud designs supporting data manipulation, large-scale infrastructure for data ingestion, and data visualization for custom client applications. Consideration of both long-term stability and scalability, along with a user-focused approach to development and deployment, is crucial for success in this role.
Senior Software Engineer - Cybersecurity & DevOps CACI International IncSenior Software Engineer - Cybersecurity & DevOpsLinthicum, MD$131,800–$290,000 / yearPay Range: There are a host of factors that can influence final salary including, but not limited to, geographic location, Federal Government contract labor categories and contract wage rates, relevant prior work experience, specific skills and competencies, education, and certifications. We are seeking a skilled Software Developer with DevOps experience to enhance our Active Network Defense (AND), Computer Network Defense (CND), and Information Security Continuous Monitoring (ISCM) capabilities.
STAFF FIELD APPLICATION ENGINEER TE Connectivity plcSTAFF FIELD APPLICATION ENGINEERMiddletown, DEMonitoring the trends of common issues and collaborating with multiple departments to resolve design-level problems and ensure a higher quality of products. Overseeing end consumers' satisfaction levels, understanding the customer needs, and developing technical leadership expertise to champion return on engineering investment.
Test Engineer III Reflexive ConceptsTest Engineer IIIMarylandCollaborate with stakeholders to plan, estimate, and break down work for migrating the current in-house test harness from legacy Robot Framework to a modern alternative (e.g., Robot Framework AIO or Microsoft Playwright). Strong experience with Linux and Bash shell scripting, with demonstrated ability to work effectively from the command-line and process/report on large data sets (logs, test artifacts, results).
Electrical Engineer Cortina Solutions LLCElectrical EngineerAberdeen Proving Ground, MDThe selected candidate will contribute to the research, design, development, integration, testing, and evaluation of advanced electronic systems and components supporting critical military programs and technologies. Background Check Requirement: As our team members work on government sites, all potential candidates are subject to a background screening that fully complies with the Fair Credit Reporting Act.
Electrical Project Engineer KLM CareersElectrical Project EngineerCockeysville, MarylandJMT is seeking candidates with a wide range of design and engineering experience with building electrical systems including lighting systems, power and emergency power distribution systems; fire alarm systems; security; CCTV and access control; and communication systems. 2. Do you have 5-10 years experience related to electrical power distribution, power generation, motor controls, lighting and lighting controls, fire alarm design, telecommunications network design, or security systems design.
Electrical Engineer, Mid-Level CACI International Inc.Electrical Engineer, Mid-LevelAberdeen Proving Ground, MD$82,700–$173,900 / yearPay Range: There are a host of factors that can influence final salary including, but not limited to, geographic location, Federal Government contract labor categories and contract wage rates, relevant prior work experience, specific skills and competencies, education, and certifications. As an independent contributor, you will investigate electrical designs, analyze communication signals, and characterize electronic devices while working on moderately complex projects with general supervision.
Mission Critical Electrical Engineer - Mid-Level Whitman, Requardt & Associates, LLPMission Critical Electrical Engineer - Mid-LevelBaltimore, MD$140,000–$215,000 / yearFull timeWe are seeking a highly skilled Mission Critical Professional Electrical Engineer to join our dynamic team responsible for the design and analysis of high-reliability electrical systems supporting mission critical environments and data centers. Design experience with the following: One-line diagrams and specifications for mission critical electrical components, including UPS systems, generators, medium voltage switchgear, and static transfer switches.
Senior Mobile Engineer The Baltimore BannerSenior Mobile EngineerBaltimore, MDRemote$140,000–$150,000 / yearYou will work closely with Product, Design, Data, Backend Engineering, and newsroom stakeholders to create a fast, reliable, engaging, and intuitive mobile experience for readers. We appreciate the value that individuals with disabilities bring to our workforce and encourage applicants with disabilities to disclose their needs for accommodation to facilitate a smooth and inclusive recruitment experience.
NewLead Software Engineer OneMain FinancialLead Software EngineerBaltimore, MD$96,000–$115,200 / yearThe ideal candidate will have in-depth experience with Workforce Management (WFM), Customer Relationship Management (CRM) systems, call recording solutions, dialers, reporting tools, API integrations, and a strong hands-on working knowledge of NiceCX systems. Data modeling experience to design, develop, and maintain GraphQL APIs and Data Solutions using RDBMS like Aurora, Postgres, and in-memory data stores like Amazon Memory DB and Redis, ensuring optimal performance, data integrity, availability and scalability.
Oracle AI Engineer - Senior Manager PricewaterhouseCoopers LLPOracle AI Engineer - Senior ManagerBaltimore, MD$124,000–$280,000 / yearYou will be responsible for tasks such as data collection, data cleansing, data transformation, data modelling, data visualisation, and data analysis using Oracle tools like Oracle Database, Oracle Analytics Cloud, Oracle Data Integrator, Oracle Data Visualization, and Oracle Machine Learning. Examples of the skills, knowledge, and experiences you need to lead and deliver value at this level include but are not limited to: Craft and convey clear, impactful and engaging messages that tell a holistic story.
Sr Engineer ExelonSr EngineerKENNETT SQUARE, PAEvaluates complex technical issues that require highly specialized knowledge in very specific areas and recommends actions or programs for their resolution, which may necessitate the review/evaluation of engineering design documents: + Evaluates, develops, implements, and leads projects that have significant financial and operational impact, may also develop initial commissioning plans. We are a Fortune 200 company, 20,000 colleagues strong serving more than 10.7 million customers at six energy companies -- Atlantic City Electric (ACE), Baltimore Gas and Electric (BGE), Commonwealth Edison (ComEd), Delmarva Power & Light (DPL), PECO Energy Company (PECO), and Potomac Electric Power Company (Pepco).
NewSenior Software Engineer, Core Experiences - Baltimore, MD, USA SpeechifySenior Software Engineer, Core Experiences - Baltimore, MD, USABaltimore, MDCollaborate with Speechify’s Product Teams to scope projects, find ways to reduce scope to get faster feedback from customers, navigate the integration/UX tradeoffs relevant to different product teams, and deliver solutions via our cross-platform SDK. It's a critical role for someone who enjoys working at the intersection of product and infrastructure, thinks strategically, and is passionate about designing clear, reliable APIs and simple systems that directly enhance the user experience.
Software Engineer-TS/SCI with Poly CACI International IncSoftware Engineer-TS/SCI with PolyLinthicum, MD$113,200–$237,800 / yearThe Opportunity: As part of the Secure the Enterprise initiative, develop capabilities to shift from the current manual system security evaluation and authorization process to a new model that emphasizes automation, streamlined processes and approvals, continuous monitoring and assessment, and network data gathering across the entire life cycle of a project. Pay Range: There are a host of factors that can influence final salary including, but not limited to, geographic location, Federal Government contract labor categories and contract wage rates, relevant prior work experience, specific skills and competencies, education, and certifications.
NewData Engineer - Senior Manager PwCData Engineer - Senior ManagerBaltimore, MD$124,000–$280,000 / yearCertification in Cloud Platforms [e.g., AWS Solutions Architect, AWS Data Engineer, Google Professional Cloud Architect, GCP Data Engineer Microsoft Azure Solutions Architect, Azure Data Engineer Associate, Snowflake Core, Snowflake Architect, Databricks Data Engineer Associate] is a plus. You also be responsible for developing and documenting data models, data flow diagrams, and data architecture guidelines, maintaining compliance with data governance and data security policies, and collaborating with business stakeholders to translate their data requirements into technical solutions.
Water Resources Engineer - Entry Level Whitman, Requardt & Associates, LLPWater Resources Engineer - Entry LevelBaltimore, MD$70,000–$125,000 / yearFull timeThis position offers the opportunity to work on a wide range of water resources projects, including stormwater management, hydrologic and hydraulic modeling, floodplain studies, green infrastructure design, and water quality improvements. A copy of current, or most recent, school transcript (If you are applying via a 3rd party site that does not allow attachments, please email transcript to careers@wrallp.com.
E-130J Navigation Flight Test Engineer Tekla ResearchE-130J Navigation Flight Test EngineerMaryland$90,000–$130,000 / yearAt least 3 years of the total experience shall have consisted of performing engineering functions with respect to support, research or development of mechanical, electrical, or aerospace systems plus experience in requirements development, test planning, coordinating and executing test and evaluation activities, analysis of data products, and presentation and documentation of system performance results. . Applies engineering experience to perform functions such as system integration, design, configuration management, quality assurance testing, or acquisition and resource management. .
Civil Engineer - Water/Wastewater Whitman, Requardt & Associates, LLPCivil Engineer - Water/WastewaterBaltimore, MD$90,000–$185,000 / yearFull timeWe are looking for a Civil Engineer with 5 – 10 years of progressive experience in civil/site or water/wastewater system planning, design, and construction to join our team in our Baltimore, MD office. The successful candidate is expected to be able to independently work on technical tasks with minimal supervision, and lead and coordinate technical tasks when appropriate.
Electrical Engineer, Mid-level CACI International IncElectrical Engineer, Mid-levelAberdeen Proving Ground, MD$82,700–$173,900 / yearPay Range: There are a host of factors that can influence final salary including, but not limited to, geographic location, Federal Government contract labor categories and contract wage rates, relevant prior work experience, specific skills and competencies, education, and certifications. As an independent contributor, you will investigate electrical designs, analyze communication signals, and characterize electronic devices while working on moderately complex projects with general supervision.
Principal Engineer - Transmission Scenario Planning - External Analysis Specialist Exelon CorpPrincipal Engineer - Transmission Scenario Planning - External Analysis SpecialistKENNETT SQUARE, PADevelops and/or leads teams in studies, plans, criteria, specifications, calculations, evaluations, design documents, performance assessments, integrated systems analysis, cost estimates, budgets, associated with the planning, design, licensing, construction, operation, and maintenance of Exelon's electric generation, transmission, distribution, gas and telecommunication facilities/systems. We are a Fortune 200 company, 20,000 colleagues strong serving more than 10.7 million customers at six energy companies -- Atlantic City Electric (ACE), Baltimore Gas and Electric (BGE), Commonwealth Edison (ComEd), Delmarva Power & Light (DPL), PECO Energy Company (PECO), and Potomac Electric Power Company (Pepco).
Cisco ISE Engineer Leidos Holdings IncCisco ISE EngineerMD$87,100–$157,450 / yearMicro-Segmentation for ZTA: Engineer and maintain Cisco TrustSec, Security Group Tags (SGTs), and Security Group Access Control Lists (SGACLs) to contain lateral movement and enforce granular network segmentation. Zero Trust Architecture (ZTA) Execution: Architect and deploy Zero Trust Network Access (ZTNA) principles using Cisco ISE to strictly enforce least-privilege access across the enterprise network.
Lead Machine Learning Engineer Capital OneLead Machine Learning EngineerSan Jose, CaliforniaIn this role, you'll be expected to perform many ML engineering activities, including one or more of the following: Design, build, and/or deliver ML models and components that solve real-world business problems, while working in collaboration with the Product and Data Science teams. Lead Machine Learning Engineer As a Capital One Machine Learning Engineer (MLE), you'll be part of an Agile team dedicated to productionizing machine learning applications and systems at scale.
Lead AI/ML Engineer (Platform, kubeflow) Capital OneLead AI/ML Engineer (Platform, kubeflow)San Jose, CaliforniaBachelor's degree in Computer Science, AI, Electrical Engineering, Computer Engineering, or related fields plus at least 4 years of experience developing AI and ML algorithms or technologies, or a Master's degree in Computer Science, AI, Electrical Engineering, Computer Engineering, or related fields plus at least 2 years of experience developing AI and ML algorithms or technologies. Partner with a cross-functional team of engineers, research scientists, technical program managers, and product managers to deliver AI-powered products that change how our associates work and how our customers interact with Capital One.
Senior Electronics Engineer - Electronics GILLIGSenior Electronics Engineer - ElectronicsLivermore, CA$75,000–$164,310 / yearDuties involve requirements analysis engineering, concept design, detailed design, problem resolution, vehicle attribute design, BOM development, customer application research & other engineering duties that involve designing, configuring and industrializing electrical systems for the manufacturing of heavy-duty transit buses. Electrical Engineering is responsible for designing, developing, and optimizing electrical systems and components, such as low & high voltage power distribution, CANbus network topology & variation, infotainment/CAD/AVL & surveillance system integration to ensure safety, durability, and performance.
Distinguished AI Engineer Capital OneDistinguished AI EngineerSan Francisco, CaliforniaBachelor's degree in Computer Science, AI, Electrical Engineering, Computer Engineering, or related fields plus at least 8 years of experience developing AI and ML algorithms or technologies, or a Master's degree in Computer Science, AI, Electrical Engineering, Computer Engineering, or related fields plus at least 6 years of experience developing AI and ML algorithms or technologies. Partner with a cross-functional team of engineers, research scientists, technical program managers, and product managers to deliver AI-powered products that change how our associates work and how our customers interact with Capital One.
Forward Deployed AI Engineer, TechEx, Software -US West Monroe Partners, LLCForward Deployed AI Engineer, TechEx, Software -USSan Francisco, CA$171,300–$201,500 / yearYou will work directly with clients and cross-functional teams to deliver full-stack, data-driven, and AI-enabled solutions, moving from problem definition to production in fast-paced, high-impact environments. This role is best suited for engineers who want to stay close to the work-writing code, deploying systems, and solving real-world problems-while also shaping how solutions are delivered.
Senior Hardware Design Engineer UNIGEN CORPORATIONSenior Hardware Design EngineerNewark, CA5+ years of experience in designing high density boards with fine pitch components and high-density connectors, including expertise in high-speed interfaces such as DDR4, DDR5, PCIe Gen5/6 and microcontrollers and processors. Power & Signal Integrity: Define and optimize robust board-level power distribution networks (PDN) capable of managing massive, transient current steps driven by modern AI logic gates.
[Pipeline] Staff+ Software Engineer, Developer Acceleration Anthropic PBC[Pipeline] Staff+ Software Engineer, Developer AccelerationSan Francisco, CA$405,000–$485,000 / yearThis research continues many of the directions our team worked on prior to Anthropic, including: GPT-3, Circuit-Based Interpretability, Multimodal Neurons, Scaling Laws, AI & Compute, Concrete Problems in AI Safety, and Learning from Human Preferences. For sales roles, the range provided is the role's On Target Earnings ("OTE") range, meaning that the range includes both the sales commissions/sales bonuses target and annual base salary for the role.
Staff+ Software Engineer, Caching Anthropic PBCStaff+ Software Engineer, CachingSan Francisco, CA$320,000–$485,000 / yearThe Caching team is part of the Databases organization and owns the systems that keep Anthropic''s hottest paths fast and correct: a managed Redis fleet, client libraries used across the company, and CDC-driven cache invalidation that solves one of distributed systems'' hardest problems the right way. This research continues many of the directions our team worked on prior to Anthropic, including: GPT-3, Circuit-Based Interpretability, Multimodal Neurons, Scaling Laws, AI & Compute, Concrete Problems in AI Safety, and Learning from Human Preferences.
NewStaff Software Engineer, Product Security SnowflakeStaff Software Engineer, Product SecurityMenlo Park, CaliforniaWe tackle complex problems spanning security architecture, automated security reviews, software supply-chain security, vulnerability management, and AI-assisted security at Snowflake’s scale. We look for low-ego individuals who thrive in dynamic and fast-moving environments and move with an experimental mindset — who rapidly test emerging capabilities to discover simpler, more powerful ways to deliver results.
Distinguished Software Engineer Capital One Financial CorpDistinguished Software EngineerSan Francisco, CA$269,100–$307,200 / yearYou will operate as a trusted advisor for our key technologies, platforms and capability domains, creating clear and concise communications, code samples, blog posts and other material to share knowledge both inside and outside the organization. Candidates hired to work in other locations will be subject to the pay range associated with that location, and the actual annualized salary amount offered to any candidate at the time of hire will be reflected solely in the candidate's offer letter.
Mobile App Engineer, Service & Roadside Assistance, Vehicle Software Tesla IncMobile App Engineer, Service & Roadside Assistance, Vehicle SoftwarePalo Alto, CA$140,000–$300,000 / yearAs a key contributor to the Tesla Mobile App team, you will develop and maintain critical iOS and Android features that empower drivers to schedule service, request roadside assistance, and receive real-time vehicle telematics. Tesla is redefining the vehicle ownership experience, and we are looking for talented mobile app engineers to help us build the most intuitive and seamless service and roadside assistance experience for any car.
Field Applications Engineer Koch IncField Applications EngineerMilpitas, CAIn order to comply with U.S. export control laws and regulations, this position requires applicants to either provide proof of U.S. citizenship or lawful permanent resident status or be eligible to receive an export authorization (a license) under the International Traffic in Arms Regulations and/or the Export Administration Regulation. Smiths Interconnect delivers mission‑critical connectivity solutions-including ruggedized connectors, cable assemblies, Fiber & RF, and high‑reliability technologies-designed to perform in the most demanding environments.
Senior Software Engineer, Cloud Infrastructure / SRE Oscar Health InsuranceSenior Software Engineer, Cloud Infrastructure / SRESan Francisco, CARemote$180,504–$236,911 / yearWe are responsible for architecting a world-class, resilient ecosystem using a modern stack centered on AWS/GCP, Terraform, and Kubernetes with developer focused tooling and CI/CD. Independently responsible for large or complex technology capabilities (set of components or services) within their team's domain or spanning multiple domains.
Senior Software Engineer II Confluent IncSenior Software Engineer IICARemoteYoull act as a technical leader, setting direction for projects, making architecture decisions, mentoring engineers, and partnering with cross-functional stakeholders to ship high-impact work. Hands-on experience with distributed systems such as event-driven architectures, high-throughput services, or large-scale data pipelines, and an understanding of consistency, fault tolerance, and performance tradeoffs.
Sr. supplier quality engineer Katalyst Healthcares & Life SciencesSr. supplier quality engineerSunnyvale, CAExperience with a wide range of manufacturing processes including machining (4 & 5-axis, FMS, bar-fed lathes), metal fabrication, welding, bonding processes, plastic injection molding, die casting, thixomolding, mechanical motion products, motion control products, and sensors. " Job Summary: The mission of Supplier Engineering is to ensure high quality and stable delivery of purchased production components from suppliers operating under robust quality systems.
Senior Supplier Quality Engineer Katalyst Healthcares & Life SciencesSenior Supplier Quality EngineerSunnyvale, CAWork with Product Design, Commodity Mangers and other stake holders to identify high capability suppliers necessary for New Products based on assessment of business need and supplier capability. Drive corrective actions through use of various Root Cause tools (8D, 5 Why, etc), determining true root cause, implementing effective and lasting corrective and preventive actions.
Hardware Lab Engineer TeleWorld SolutionsHardware Lab EngineerSanta Clara, CAWith the experience of hundreds of thousands of successful implementations, including macro, DAS, Small Cells, and Wi-Fi, the world’s leading network operators and OEMs trust our knowledge and experience to plan, perform, troubleshoot, and implement an array of technologies and solutions. TeleWorld Solutions is a strategic wireless engineering and consulting firm offering network operators, OEMs, and tower companies’ turnkey design, optimization, network dimensioning, and deployment services.
Field Service Engineer Teledyne TechnologiesField Service EngineerNewark, CA$96,600–$128,800 / yearThese markets include aerospace and defense, factory automation, air and water quality environmental monitoring, electronics design and development, oceanographic research, deepwater oil and gas exploration and production, medical imaging and pharmaceutical research. 5 years of hands-on experience in field service, maintenance, or bench level troubleshooting of electronic systems, including: LINACs (medical or industrial); HV power supplies, modulators, klystrons, SSPAs, TWTAs; RF systems and interlocks.
Principal Engineer, Autonomy Developer Productivity GMPrincipal Engineer, Autonomy Developer ProductivityMountain View, CaliforniaBenefit options include medical, dental, vision, Health Savings Account, Flexible Spending Accounts, retirement savings plan, sickness and accident benefits, life insurance, paid vacation & holidays, tuition assistance programs, employee assistance program, GM vehicle discounts and more. As a leader on this team, we are looking for someone who cares deeply about the technical development of other engineers on the team and can effectively balance the needs and priorities of the business, our users, and the growth of our engineers.
Staff Field Robotic System Engineer Analog Devices IncStaff Field Robotic System EngineerSan Jose, CA$142,200–$195,525 / yearThis is a high-impact, customer-facing role focused on: Scaling platform and solution engagements across robotics ecosystems (OEMs, disruptors, and partners), in collaboration with ADI BUs, Sales, Software, ADI Garage, Innovation Hubs, and AI teams. At its core, this role executes ADI's platforms & solutions strategy in the field-driving near-term business impact while scaling repeatable system solutions and strengthening ADI position within key robotics ecosystems.
Senior Engineer, Connectivity Software, UWB - WIFI Samsung SemiconductorSenior Engineer, Connectivity Software, UWB - WIFISan Jose, CA$138,000–$206,000 / yearThe Samsung Semiconductor Inc., Wireless Connectivity Software Engineering team is seeking highly motivated and enthusiastic Software Engineers to join our team in developing software infrastructure, framework, and protocol stack for 802.11 based WLAN chipsets. Bachelor's Degree in Engineering or Computer Science Discipline with 5+ years of relevant industry experience, or Master's with 3+ years or PhD with 0+ years in field of wireless communication technologies.
Sr. Coastal Engineer Kimley-Horn and Associates IncSr. Coastal EngineerOakland, CA$160,000–$190,000 / yearThis position leads business development efforts, manages relationships with key clients, and oversees all project tasks while mentoring the growth of younger staff. Kimley-Horns Oakland office is seeking a Senior Coastal Engineer with 15+ years of experience to join their Coastal and Waterfront team!
Sustaining Engineer ICONMA, LLCSustaining EngineerFoster City, CA$81.42–$86.42 / hourOwn sustaining engineering support and corrective action development for the Level 3 Toyota Highlander test and mapping fleet across OEM vehicle systems and client integrated AV hardware, from root cause confirmation through fleet wide implementation. Lead design updates and improvements for client and Toyota components and subsystems to improve reliability, durability, fleet availability, and serviceability across electrical and mechanical systems.
Solutions Engineer (Micro Business & AI Startups) - San Francisco/NYC Bright Data LtdSolutions Engineer (Micro Business & AI Startups) - San Francisco/NYCSan Francisco, CAThis role blends solutions engineering, AI advisory, onboarding and scaled enablement in a way that is highly relevant to Bright Data's startup and micro business motion. It is a strong fit for someone who enjoys solving customer problems directly while also building reusable systems, content and technical assets that support a more product-led experience.
Senior Software Engineer, Core Infrastructure Services - DGX Cloud NVIDIA CorpSenior Software Engineer, Core Infrastructure Services - DGX CloudSanta Clara, CAOur team builds and operates the core infrastructure services that power NVIDIA's DGX Cloud and SuperPod deployments, delivering secure, reliable, and observable platforms at global scale. Experience with infrastructure automation (Terraform, Ansible), workflow orchestration (Temporal), and distributed systems using databases, Redis, and messaging platforms (Kafka, NATS, SQS).
Staff Software Engineer, Core Services Tesla IncStaff Software Engineer, Core ServicesFremont, CA$200,000–$300,000 / yearTesla's core services team builds systems that orchestrate customer flows for robotaxi, charging, over the air updates, subscriptions, electric, lease/loan, roaming in charging, NACS and other ownership related products for both B2C and B2B customers. Demonstrated experience building and operating distributed systems in production - event-driven architectures, message brokers, service decomposition, and the operational realities of running them.