Protection Engineer Jobs in the United States
Naval Nuclear Laboratory
$105200 - $164400
Niskayuna, NY
Bachelors degree from an accredited college or university in a related technical, engineering or science field and a minimum of 9 years of relevant experience; or Masters degree from an accredited college or university in a related technical, engineering or science field and a minimum of 7 years of relevant experience; or Doctorate degree from an accredited college or university in a related technical, engineering, science field and a minimum of 3 years of relevant experience; or Currently a Principal Reactor Training Engineer, Refueling Engineer, or Field (RPCO) Engineer at the Company. Naval Nuclear Laboratory personnel are FMP employees who work at four DOE facilities: Bettis Atomic Power Laboratory, Knolls Atomic Power Laboratory, Kenneth A. Kesselring Site, and Naval Reactors Facility, and at the U.S. Department of Defense-owned Nuclear Power Training Unit-Charleston.
Naval Nuclear Laboratory
$77900 - $119300
West Milton, NY
Naval Nuclear Laboratory personnel are FMP employees who work at four DOE facilities: Bettis Atomic Power Laboratory, Knolls Atomic Power Laboratory, Kenneth A. Kesselring Site, and Naval Reactors Facility, and at the U.S. Department of Defense-owned Nuclear Power Training Unit-Charleston. Bachelors degree from an accredited college or university in a related technical, engineering or science field and a minimum of 2 years of relevant experience; or Masters degree from an accredited college or university in a related technical, engineering or science field and a minimum of 1 year of relevant experience.
Naval Nuclear Laboratory
$94800 - $148200
West Milton, NY
Bachelors degree from an accredited college or university in a related technical, engineering or science field and a minimum of 6 years of relevant experience; or Masters degree from an accredited college or university in a related technical, engineering or science field and a minimum of 4 years of relevant experience; or Doctorate degree from an accredited college or university in a related technical, engineering or science field and a minimum of 1 year of relevant experience. Naval Nuclear Laboratory personnel are FMP employees who work at four DOE facilities: Bettis Atomic Power Laboratory, Knolls Atomic Power Laboratory, Kenneth A. Kesselring Site, and Naval Reactors Facility, and at the U.S. Department of Defense-owned Nuclear Power Training Unit-Charleston.
Naval Nuclear Laboratory
$105200 - $164400
West Milton, NY
Bachelors degree from an accredited college or university in a related technical, engineering or science field and a minimum of 9 years of relevant experience; or Masters degree from an accredited college or university in a related technical, engineering or science field and a minimum of 7 years of relevant experience; or Doctorate degree from an accredited college or university in a related technical, engineering, science field and a minimum of 3 years of relevant experience. Naval Nuclear Laboratory personnel are FMP employees who work at four DOE facilities: Bettis Atomic Power Laboratory, Knolls Atomic Power Laboratory, Kenneth A. Kesselring Site, and Naval Reactors Facility, and at the U.S. Department of Defense-owned Nuclear Power Training Unit-Charleston.
Artech LLC
Pomona, CA
Experience in developing logic diagrams, programming relay settings and preparing setting documents for Test technicians and support them for in-servicing relays for bulk-power (220/115 kV) transmission lines, bus, transformer banks, capacitor banks, reactor banks, etc. Stakeholders to include (but not limited to): REs (substation engineers), project managers, schedulers, distribution field engineers, project engineers, apparatus engineers, test technicians, operators, transmission engineers, system planners, etc.
AG Consulting
$120000 - $150000
NEW YORK, NY
AG Consulting Engineering, PC (AG), a design, engineering, and construction management firm, is looking for an experienced Fire Protection Engineer for several PATH project in the NYC metro area. Design Fire Protection Systems: Develop and implement fire safety systems, including sprinkler systems, fire alarms, and emergency exits, tailored to various building types.
PEAK Technical Staffing
Anaheim, CA
Bachelor's Degree in Fire Protection Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, or related field from an ABET-accredited university (Master's in FPE or related field preferred). Candidate Privacy To read our Candidate Privacy Information Statement, which explains how we will use your information, please navigate to https://peaktechnical.com/privacy-policy/and https://peaktechnical.com/ca-residents-privacy-rights/
Jobot
$65000 - $180000
Honolulu, HI
Information collected and processed as part of your Jobot candidate profile, and any job applications, resumes, or other information you choose to submit is subject to Jobot's Privacy Policy, as well as the Jobot California Worker Privacy Notice and Jobot Notice Regarding Automated Employment Decision Tools which are available at jobot.com/legal. Our firm has a long-standing reputation for delivering quality services to a diverse client base, including government agencies and private companies.
PEAK Technical Staffing
$48.22 - $75.37
Tempe, AZ
As an LSS Engineer working with our teams, you’ll use your skills and experience to help our clients by providing code-compliant asset protection and fire life safety mitigation solutions. Candidate Privacy To read our Candidate Privacy Information Statement, which explains how we will use your information, please navigate to https://peaktechnical.com/privacy-policy/and https://peaktechnical.com/ca-residents-privacy-rights/
System One
$40
Forest Park, GA
For less experienced engineers, electrical engineering courses that will be helpful in this position will include Power System Analysis, Protective Relaying, Control Systems, Electric Machine Theory, and Symmetrical Components . Experience working with CAPE (Computer Aided Protection Engineering), CYME, ASPEN, EDSA, ETAP or other related power system simulation software programs is a plus .
Jobot
$65000 - $95000
Honolulu, HI
Information collected and processed as part of your Jobot candidate profile, and any job applications, resumes, or other information you choose to submit is subject to Jobot's Privacy Policy, as well as the Jobot California Worker Privacy Notice and Jobot Notice Regarding Automated Employment Decision Tools which are available at jobot.com/legal. Our firm has a long-standing reputation for delivering quality services to a diverse client base, including government agencies and private companies.
RIX INDUSTRIES
Sparks, NV
We take our ‘focused on the future’ mantra seriously – whether we’re supporting lifesaving oxygen generation strategies for remote medical facilities, solving complex applications featuring industrial gases, providing mission critical technologies for our military, or engineering clean power solutions for land and sea. RIX Industries is a technology-focused company specializing in the design, development and manufacturing of gas generation systems, precision compressor solutions, and cryogenic cooling technologies for critical applications in Marine, Aerospace, Land, Energy, Industrial, Medical, and Critical Infrastructure markets.
PPM Consultants, Inc
Altamonte Springs, FL
Candidates will primarily provide environmental compliance, permitting and technical support to clients across several industries (Oil & Gas, Chemical, Manufacturing, Forest Products, etc.). This is a wonderful opportunity for self-starters who enjoy being part of a valuable team that provides multi-media environmental consulting and compliance support to a variety of industrial clients.
AG Consulting
$48 - $60
NEW YORK, NY
The inspector shall field verify that approved submittal documents such as tested UL System Designs or Engineering Judgments meet the requirements for the size of the opening, the annular space, the thickness and quantity of sealant, type of insulation, safing material, the amount (percentage) of compression, firestopping devices and specified accessory items such as anchors, fasteners, plates and securing devices. The inspector shall verify compliance of the fireproofing assemblies by observing the installation process and by recording measurements of the substrates and materials being installed in accordance with ASTM E 736, ASTM E 605, Technical Manual 12-A and 12-B by The Association of the Wall and Ceiling Industries.
*US AMR-Jones Lang LaSalle Americas, Inc.
$34.61 - $37.98
Durham, NC
Responsible for maintaining, monitoring, and performing preventive maintenance and continuous operation of all building systems to maintain 100% Up-time including: fire/life safety, mechanical systems such as (HVAC, chillers, crac, crah, plumbing, controls), electrical including emergency backup systems such as (lighting, UPS, ATS, STS, PDU, generators, primary switchgear, power distribution, transformers), and hot water systems. Whether you’ve got deep experience in commercial real estate, skilled trades or technology, or you’re looking to apply your relevant experience to a new industry, join our team as we help shape a brighter way forward.
*US AMR-Jones Lang LaSalle Americas, Inc.
$28.75 - $40
Austin, TX
Responsible for maintaining, monitoring, and performing preventive maintenance and continuous operation of all building systems to maintain 100% Up-time including: fire/life safety, mechanical systems such as (HVAC, chillers, crac, crah, plumbing, controls), electrical including emergency backup systems such as (lighting, UPS, ATS, STS, PDU, generators, primary switchgear, power distribution, transformers), and hot water systems. Whether you’ve got deep experience in commercial real estate, skilled trades or technology, or you’re looking to apply your relevant experience to a new industry, join our team as we help shape a brighter way forward.
ABB
Houston, TX
Customer Focus - Contributes to customer satisfaction by planning and executing Service work according to customer order and expectation; Clear understanding of sense of urgency and care in the direct area of responsibility; Ensures customer retention by delivering superior customer experiences and effectively communicating service work timeline and expectations; Works with customer to identify opportunities in the installed base to improve system performance and operational performance improvements; While on-site, works with the customer to identify opportunities for improving the customers operations and eliminating pain points; Utilizes the local practices for notifying the account team of opportunities. The Measurement & Analytics Division's portfolio consists of analyzers measuring compositions of gases and liquids; instrumentation measuring process variables such as temperature, pressure, flow, and level; force measurement solutions measuring parameters such as flatness, thickness, and tension; and advanced digital solutions for device management, device health check and predictive maintenance.
Metromont
Bartow, FL
However, employees who have access to the compensation information of other employees or applicants as a part of their essential job functions cannot disclose the pay of other employees or applicants to individuals who do not otherwise have access to compensation information, unless the disclosure is (a) in response to a formal complaint or charge, (b) in furtherance of an investigation, proceeding, hearing, or action, including an investigation conducted by the employer, or (c) consistent with the contractor’s legal duty to furnish information. Across the eastern seaboard, the southeast, and even as far west as Arizona, our customers rely on us to provide innovative precast solutions and the best quality for their parking structures, data centers, multifamily housing, office buildings, warehouses, schools, and stadiums.
*US AMR-Jones Lang LaSalle Americas, Inc.
North Charleston, SC
Computerized Maintenance Management Systems (CMMS), Corrective Maintenance, Hand Tools, HVAC Equipment, HVAC Systems, Maintenance Repair, Mechanics, Plumbing, Power Tools, Preventive Maintenance, Safety Meetings, Safety Procedures. Whether you’ve got deep experience in commercial real estate, skilled trades or technology, or you’re looking to apply your relevant experience to a new industry, join our team as we help shape a brighter way forward.
Amazon Data Services, Inc.
Herndon, VA
High technical competency in electrical systems and understanding the design concept and intent by reviewing electrical design documentation, including drawings, specifications, pre-functional checklist, startup and functional test scripts, maintainability, construct-ability and commission-ability. AWS is seeking a High Voltage Commissioning Engineer to become part of a AMER’s Amazon Commissioning (ACx) team, responsible for the commissioning and continuous innovation of the Medium Voltage and High Voltage infrastructure associated with our rapidly expanding data center foot print.
Amazon Data Services, Inc.
Herndon, VA
This team of veteran professional Electrical Engineers, Mechanical Engineers, Controls Engineers, Project Managers, and Operators is uniquely positioned to provide detailed engineering and operational review and testing of equipment designs, operational functionality and construction practices. This includes, but not limited to, review of design documents and equipment submittals, leading Factory Witness Testing (FWT), and managing third-party commissioning vendors in the performance of onsite pre-functional, functional, and integrated systems testing.
Maag
Eagle Rock, VA
MAAG Pump Systems, Automatik Plastics Machinery, Maag Gala Industries, Reduction Engineering Scheer, Ettlinger, AMN,Witte and Sikora – eight successful and well-experienced companies have joined forces to become the global partner for the polymer industry. The ideal candidate will have a strong vision that supports a first-time-right manufacturing strategy from design to completion, identify process improvements, guides and leads the programming team, and facilitates collaboration between Die Plate Engineering and Manufacturing Operations.
Artech LLC
Pomona, CA
One Line/Elementary Diagrams/Logic Diagrams to Protection Engineering and Automation Engineering Group; HMI/ePAC or RTU/ePAC and Relay Rack Elevation, Wiring Diagrams, HMI Point List, LAN to Automation Engineering group; Plot Plan and physical drawings to Structural/Civil Engineering group, etc.); Relay Rack orders requests; Mechanical Equipment Electrical Room (MEER) Order requests; and others as needed. Manage agreed upon project schedule including the execution of the various deliverables such as: Major Electrical Equipment Orders (pdf eMEL order forms); order requests for long lead items; submitting various design packages to different engineering discipline groups (e.g.
Gentex Corporation
Manchester, NH
Located in the heart of New England, Manchester is also conveniently located within an hour’s drive of Boston, an hour from the Atlantic Ocean and less than two hours from New Hampshire’s scenic White Mountains, Lake Winnipesaukee and the many other well-known vacation destinations in Maine, Vermont and Massachusetts. • Skilled in the use of common hand tools, soldering irons, multimeters, oscilloscopes, power supplies, and other basic electronic test equipment; experienced with light fabrication tools for modifying or assembling fixtures and enclosures.
*US AMR-Jones Lang LaSalle Americas, Inc.
Colorado City, TX
Whether you’ve got deep experience in commercial real estate, skilled trades or technology, or you’re looking to apply your relevant experience to a new industry, join our team as we help shape a brighter way forward. Jones Lang LaSalle (JLL), together with its subsidiaries and affiliates, is a leading global provider of real estate and investment management services.
PEAK Technical Staffing
New Berlin, WI
As a Controls Engineer, you'll drive custom controls projects end-to-end: initial concept/design, PLC/HMI software development, in-house platform testing, and commissioning and final acceptance at customer sites. Design project-specific control panels; AC/DC power distribution for control systems (480VAC, 120VAC, 24VDC circuits), operator console layouts, and wiring schematics.
Amazon Data Services, Inc.
Herndon, VA
This team of veteran professional Electrical Engineers, Mechanical Engineers, Controls Engineers, Project Managers, and Operators is uniquely positioned to provide detailed engineering and operational review and testing of equipment designs, operational functionality and construction practices. This includes, but not limited to, review of design documents and equipment submittals, leading Factory Witness Testing (FWT), and managing third-party commissioning vendors in the performance of onsite pre-functional, functional, and integrated systems testing.
Jobot
$150000 - $180000
Birmingham, AL
Job description: As a Program Architect, you will work with project teams in a dynamic, rapid-growth work environment with bright and talented engineers, architects, designers, builders, crafters, and manufacturers to improve and deploy a prototype building program and to build an alternative to the traditional construction industry. Working under the direction of program design leaders, this role collaborates closely with design, manufacturing, and construction teams to develop smart, efficient system designs optimized for offsite fabrication.
Amazon Data Services, Inc.
New Albany, OH
AWS Data centers have multiple components such as generators, uninterruptable power sources, diesel generators, electrical switchgear, power distribution units, variable frequency drives, automatic/static transfer switches, chillers [air-cooled and water-cooled], pumps, cooling towers, heat exchangers, CRAHs, air economizers, etc. • Frequently visit (locally) assigned in-operation data centers to troubleshoot, meet customers, supervise vendor’s work to ensure compliance with the scope, design, SOO and applicable local codes.
Naval Nuclear Laboratory
$105200 - $164400
Niskayuna, NY
Bachelors degree from an accredited college or university in a related technical, engineering or science field and a minimum of 9 years of relevant experience; or Masters degree from an accredited college or university in a related technical, engineering or science field and a minimum of 7 years of relevant experience; or Doctorate degree from an accredited college or university in a related technical, engineering or science field and a minimum of 3 years of relevant experience; or Currently an Principal Reactor Training Engineer, Refueling Engineer, or Field (RPCO) Engineer at the Company. Additional areas of opportunity include: Ensure compliance with Federal/State regulations and applicable DOE Orders, e.g., Consolidated State Facility Air Permit (CASFP), State Pollution Discharge Elimination System (SPDES), Municipal Separate Storm Sewer System (MS4), Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA), Sanitary Sewage, Petroleum Bulk Storage (PBS), Asbestos NESHAP Notifications, National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA), and PCBs.
Jobot
$95000 - $160000
Hermiston, OR
You will be involved in all physical design aspects of substation projects including completing detailed scoping documents, material specification, performing common substation design functions including design for electrical equipment layouts, rigid bus, fire protection, grounding systems, lightning protection, lighting, cable and conduit systems, control building layouts, and bills of material, as well as interfacing with the CAD department for creation of construction drawings. Information collected and processed as part of your Jobot candidate profile, and any job applications, resumes, or other information you choose to submit is subject to Jobot's Privacy Policy, as well as the Jobot California Worker Privacy Notice and Jobot Notice Regarding Automated Employment Decision Tools which are available at jobot.com/legal.
DCS Corporation
$120506 - $145000
Bedford, MA
Assist with development of System Security Management Plans, Program Protection Plans, Security Risk Analyses, OPSEC Plans, Computer Certification and Accreditation, Security Vulnerability and Countermeasures Analyses, Security Concepts of Operations, and other system security engineering-related documents identified in MIL-STD 1785, DoDI 5000.02, DCS has an exciting opportunity for a Principal Cybersecurity Engineerproviding support to the Air Force Life Cycle Management Center (AFLCMC/HBD), Theater Battle Control Division.
Amazon Data Services, Inc.
Umatilla, OR
This team of veteran professional Electrical Engineers, Mechanical Engineers, Controls Engineers, Architectural Engineers, Project Managers, Operators and seasoned Amazonians are uniquely positioned to provide deeply detailed engineering and operational review and testing of equipment designs, operational functionality and construction practices. CxEs review design documents, lead Factory Witness Testing (FWT), and manage third-party commissioning vendors in the performance of onsite pre-functional, functional, and integrated systems testing.
STS Technical Services
Erlanger, KY
In this role, you’ll play a critical part in ensuring the safety, airworthiness, and reliability of aircraft by developing engineering data, technical documents, and support plans across multiple ATA chapter subjects. This role involves developing solutions to meet Federal Aviation Regulations (FARs), addressing Airworthiness Directives (ADs), evaluating corrosion and fatigue damage, and coordinating with manufacturers, MROs, and regulatory authorities.
Jobot
$75000 - $110000
Mountville, PA
Information collected and processed as part of your Jobot candidate profile, and any job applications, resumes, or other information you choose to submit is subject to Jobot's Privacy Policy, as well as the Jobot California Worker Privacy Notice and Jobot Notice Regarding Automated Employment Decision Tools which are available at jobot.com/legal. Our clientele includes schools, universities, senior care facilities, churches, banks, municipal offices, retail centers, medical facilities, industrial buildings, laboratories, corporate headquarters, and hospitals, and more.
Naval Nuclear Laboratory
$63300 - $96900
West Mifflin, PA
The successful candidate's duties will include maintaining and implementing improvements to hardware and software system designs for various shipboard control systems, development and maintenance of procedures for equipment operation, troubleshooting instrumentation and control system issues, developing and performing equipment tests, performing detailed technical evaluations, and authoring technical reports. Naval Nuclear Laboratory personnel are FMP employees who work at four DOE facilities: Bettis Atomic Power Laboratory, Knolls Atomic Power Laboratory, Kenneth A. Kesselring Site, and Naval Reactors Facility, and at the U.S. Department of Defense-owned Nuclear Power Training Unit-Charleston.
Jobot
$140000 - $170000
Raleigh, NC
Information collected and processed as part of your Jobot candidate profile, and any job applications, resumes, or other information you choose to submit is subject to Jobot's Privacy Policy, as well as the Jobot California Worker Privacy Notice and Jobot Notice Regarding Automated Employment Decision Tools which are available at jobot.com/legal. We are looking for a 15+ years of experience as mechanical engineer to join our growing Raleigh team, ideally looking for someone with management experience and enjoys client facing.
Jobot
$125000 - $150000
Dallas, TX
This person will provide technical leadership, mentoring & guidance to team members to assure total quality of all engineering efforts; Coordinates the activities of all team members and assures production meets schedules while producing a reasonable profit. engineering needs by providing architectural lighting and mechanical systems design, building commissioning services, technology systems design, life support systems engineering, and fire protection engineering.
DCS Corporation
Sterling Heights, MI
SSE will assist in conducting trade-off analyses and will integrate contributions from system security engineering disciplines such as anti-tamper, cybersecurity, exportability features, hardware assurance, software assurance, supply chain risk management, and security specialties (personnel security, industrial security, physical security, etc.). Assist in conducting trade-off analyses and will integrate contributions from system security engineering disciplines such as anti-tamper, cybersecurity, exportability features, hardware assurance, software assurance, supply chain risk management; and security specialties (personnel security, industrial security, physical security, etc.).
STS Technical Services
Greensboro, NC
The Tools Design Engineer will review tooling requests, develop 3D models and 2D drawings, and lead tooling design reviews to ensure compliance with engineering and manufacturing requirements. STS Technical Services is a Top 100 Staffing Firm that partners with some of the largest names in aerospace, manufacturing, defense, and industrial industries.
STS Technical Services
Greensboro, NC
Position Overview: As a Senior Stress Engineer, you’ll serve as a subject matter expert in structural analysis, working closely with FAA DERs and internal engineering teams to validate the airworthiness of advanced airframe components. This role requires a balance of classical hand calculations and Finite Element Analysis (FEA), and it offers a chance to make real impact in the development and certification of primary aircraft structures.
Jobot
$85000 - $115000
Boise, ID
Ability to execute Building Commissioning & Retro-Commissioning tasks such as Commissioning plan Creation, Design Reviews, Job Progress Reports, Pre-Functional Testing, Functional Performance Testing, Project Close Out, and Final Report Creation. MEP Systems Knowledge: HVAC Systems, Building Automation & Controls Systems, Plumbing Systems, Fire Alarm/Life Safety Systems, Lighting & Lighting Controls, Emergency Power Systems, Low Voltage Systems, Renewable Energy Systems.
PEAK Technical Staffing
$100 - $120
Knoxville, TN
Candidate Privacy To read our Candidate Privacy Information Statement, which explains how we will use your information, please navigate to https://peaktechnical.com/privacy-policy/and https://peaktechnical.com/ca-residents-privacy-rights/ Knoxville offers a vibrant cultural scene, beautiful natural surroundings, and a low cost of living, making it an attractive place to live and work.
DCS Corporation
Sterling Heights, MI
As a Platform Integration Engineer you will provide project management, system engineering, and platform interface support to the office of the Product Manager (PdM) Vehicle Protection System (VPS) to assist in fielding vehicle survivability technologies to the Army. Conducts, monitors, directs, and coordinates research, design, engineer development, and engineering activities for PdM VPS, which are applied across vehicle system lines for fielded components, subsystems, and total systems.
Naval Nuclear Laboratory
$85200 - $133200
West Mifflin, PA
The successful candidate's duties will include maintaining and implementing improvements to hardware and software system designs for various shipboard control systems, development and maintenance of procedures for equipment operation, troubleshooting instrumentation and control system issues, developing and performing equipment tests, performing detailed technical evaluations, and authoring technical reports. Naval Nuclear Laboratory personnel are FMP employees who work at four DOE facilities: Bettis Atomic Power Laboratory, Knolls Atomic Power Laboratory, Kenneth A. Kesselring Site, and Naval Reactors Facility, and at the U.S. Department of Defense-owned Nuclear Power Training Unit-Charleston.
McWane Ductile
Provo, UT
Building iron strong utilities for generations since 1926, we are a family-owned company with a rich history and a vital role in securing the future of America’s water infrastructure for generations to come. Research and analyze vendor design proposals, specifications, manuals, and other data to evaluate feasibility, cost, and maintenance requirements of designs or applications.
Jobot
$130000 - $155000
Houston, TX
Information collected and processed as part of your Jobot candidate profile, and any job applications, resumes, or other information you choose to submit is subject to Jobot's Privacy Policy, as well as the Jobot California Worker Privacy Notice and Jobot Notice Regarding Automated Employment Decision Tools which are available at jobot.com/legal. engineering needs by providing architectural lighting and mechanical systems design, building commissioning services, technology systems design, life support systems engineering, and fire protection engineering.
Vaco LLC
$55 - $90
Los Angeles, CA
Determining compensation for this role (and others) at Vaco by Highspring depends upon a wide array of factors including but not limited to: the individual’s skill sets, experience and training; licensure and certification requirements; office location and other geographic considerations; other business and organizational needs. Vaco by Highspring values a diverse workplace and strongly encourages women, people of color, LGBTQ+ individuals, people with disabilities, members of ethnic minorities, foreign-born residents, and veterans to apply.
Amazon Data Services, Inc.
Atlanta, GA
This team of veteran professional Electrical Engineers, Mechanical Engineers, Controls Engineers, Architectural Engineers, Project Managers, Operators and seasoned Amazonians are uniquely positioned to provide deeply detailed engineering and operational review and testing of equipment designs, operational functionality and construction practices. CxEs review design documents, lead Factory Witness Testing (FWT), and manage third-party commissioning vendors in the performance of onsite pre-functional, functional, and integrated systems testing.