Senior Software Engineer - Ruby on Rails Bold Penguin IncSenior Software Engineer - Ruby on RailsDublin, OHRemoteOur Senior Software Engineers will work and train cross-functionally to learn additional coding languages and may work within one, several or across all depending on the team or project aligned to. Work with product managers, designers, site-reliability engineers, backend engineers, and customers to build powerful, impactful products.
Experienced QA Engineer with Hands-on Automation and AI Skills Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu LtdExperienced QA Engineer with Hands-on Automation and AI SkillsColumbus, OH$105,400–$207,800 / yearOur purpose comes through in our work with clients that enables impact and value in their organizations, as well as through our own investments, commitments, and actions across areas that help drive positive outcomes for our communities. AI & Engineering leverages cutting-edge engineering capabilities to build, deploy, and operate integrated/verticalized sector solutions in software, data, AI, network, and hybrid cloud infrastructure.
Senior Structural Engineer - Midwest Brown and Caldwell IncSenior Structural Engineer - MidwestColumbus, OH$95,000–$129,000 / yearIn the event a recruiter or agency submits a resume or candidate without a previously signed agreement and approved engagement request with Brown and Caldwell, Brown and Caldwell reserves the right to pursue and hire those candidate(s) without any financial obligation to the recruiter or agency. Headquartered in Walnut Creek, California, Brown and Caldwell is a full-service environmental engineering and construction services firm with 50 offices and over 2,100 professionals across North America and the Pacific.
Bridge Engineer VerdantasBridge EngineerOhioOur commitment to excellence, across more than 90 offices, is championed by a team of over 2,000 experts, scientists, engineers, geologists, and technical specialists, embedded in a people-focused culture, prioritizing the well-being of our employees, clients, and the communities we serve. For us, it is imperative to build balanced teams from all walks of life and we believe that a diverse workforce is a stronger workforce.
Geotechnical Engineer 5 CDM Smith IncGeotechnical Engineer 5Columbus, OHIn addition, during employment individuals may be required by CDM Smith or a CDM Smith client to successfully complete additional background checks, including motor vehicle record as well as drug testing. We provide career opportunities that span a variety of disciplines and geographic locations, with projects that our employees plan, design, build and operate as diverse as the needs of our clients.
Substation Civil Structural Engineer 2 Commonwealth Associates, Inc.Substation Civil Structural Engineer 2Gahanna, OHMinimum of 1+ years of relevant civil/structural engineering experience (internship or full-time) in utility, infrastructure, or related design work; or a Master's degree in Civil or Structural Engineering. Under general supervision, the Substation Civil Structural Engineer 2 supports the design and development of electrical substation projects by applying civil and structural engineering principles.
Cloud Storage Engineer AGE SolutionsCloud Storage EngineerColumbus, OHPerform cloud failover and disaster recovery operations for client-hosted applications, including pre-failover validation, execution, post-failover verification, and annual ISCP testing for enterprise file shares within government cloud environments. 2 years of hands-on experience with enterprise SAN management, covering Fiber Channel zoning, iSCSI, FCoE, HBA/CNA, storage controllers, LUN management, RAID, and NAS.
Electrical Engineer - Power ConsultNetElectrical Engineer - PowerColumbus, OH$100,000–$130,000 / yearFor over 25 years, we have connected thousands of consultants with meaningful roles through a personal, communication-driven approach, partnering with a diverse client base to build high-performing teams and create lasting impact. Electrical Engineer with Industrial Power Distribution design experience and competent in Easy power or SKM to do power system modeling, short circuit, arc flash, and protective device coordination.
staff-electrical-engineer-substation-ohio Burns & McDonnellstaff-electrical-engineer-substation-ohioColumbus, OHThe Staff Substation Engineer will work under the supervision of a licensed professional engineer to develop design deliverables for new and modified high-voltage (13kV to 765kV) electrical power substation projects. Prepares and develops substation design packages, including, but not limited to, physical arrangement above and below grade, protective relaying and control, electrical studies such as grounding and lightning analysis, and lighting and security.
Quality Engineer Sky Climber, LLCQuality EngineerDelaware, OhioFull timeDemonstrated experience developing and implementing an ISO 9001 (or similar) Quality Management System, ideally through certification (or leading major QMS buildout/gap-closure efforts). Support NPI and engineering changes by ensuring controls are defined (critical characteristics, inspection/control plans) and supplier readiness is achieved before launch.
ERS - Power Study Electrical Engineer - Multiple Locations Vertiv Group Corp.ERS - Power Study Electrical Engineer - Multiple LocationsWesterville, OHBuilding Effective Teams - Creates strong morale and spirit in his/her team; shares wins and successes; fosters open dialogue; lets people finish and be responsible for their work; lets subordinates present to senior management; acts as if real success is the success of the team. Vertiv solves the most important challenges facing today''s data centers, communication networks and commercial and industrial facilities with a portfolio of power, cooling and IT infrastructure solutions and services that extend from the cloud to the edge of the network.
Specialist, Software Engineer - ETL Informatica and ACE (App Connect Enterprise) Nationwide Mutual Insurance CoSpecialist, Software Engineer - ETL Informatica and ACE (App Connect Enterprise)Columbus, OH$95,500–$177,500 / yearSuccess in this role means delivering stable, supportable integrations; improving the quality and reliability of ACE and ETL flows; ensuring downstream consumers receive accurate, timely, and well-mapped data needed for operational, financial, print, and regulatory processing; and demonstrating Next Level performance through proactive ownership and practical use of AI resources to improve team effectiveness and delivery outcomes. Nationwide pays on a geographic-specific salary structure and placement within the actual starting salary range for this position will be determined by a number of factors including the skills, education, training, credentials and experience of the candidate; the scope, complexity and location of the role as well as the cost of labor in the market; and other conditions of employment.
Sr. Consultant, Software Engineer - Emerging Technology Development Lab Nationwide Mutual Insurance CoSr. Consultant, Software Engineer - Emerging Technology Development LabColumbus, OH$149,000–$262,000 / yearNationwide pays on a geographic-specific salary structure and placement within the actual starting salary range for this position will be determined by a number of factors including the skills, education, training, credentials and experience of the candidate; the scope, complexity and location of the role as well as the cost of labor in the market; and other conditions of employment. As a Software Engineer you will focus on mentoring and leading others to deliver high quality, cost-effective technology solutions to business partners by crafting new software applications or modifying and/or supporting existing packaged or custom-built applications.
Section 1 Steam, Senior Mechanical Design Engineer Curtiss-WrightSection 1 Steam, Senior Mechanical Design EngineerOhioWorking knowledge of American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) Boiler and Pressure Vessel Codes (Section I and VII) and National Board of Boiler and Pressure Vessel Inspections (NBIC). We are committed to provide total pressure, flow control management, heat exchanger repair and isolation products to industrial markets.
Software & System Test Engineer (102181) Honda Motor Co LtdSoftware & System Test Engineer (102181)OHTesting and verification of ECU specifications related to hardware and software: Performing testing in prototype or mass production level vehicles related to electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) or verification of technical change points to ensure proper electrical functional performance, quality and reliability. Engineering troubleshooting, root cause analysis and solution design: Working hands-on in prototype or mass production level vehicles to identify responsible system(s) functional issues and deciding the steps required for resolution.
AWS Big Data Lead Software Engineer JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A.AWS Big Data Lead Software EngineerColumbus, OHFull timeChase is a leading financial services firm, helping nearly half of America's households and small businesses achieve their financial goals through a broad range of financial products. Demonstrated knowledge of software applications and technical processes within a technical discipline (e.g., cloud, BigData, artificial intelligence, machine learning, mobile, etc.).
staff-plumbing-engineer-mission-critical Burns & McDonnellstaff-plumbing-engineer-mission-criticalColumbus, OH$100,000–$150,000 / yearThe Staff Plumbing Engineer will work on project teams to create world class designs for new projects, alterations and redevelopments on a variety of projects including power, process, corporate, healthcare, pipeline airports, institutional, industrial, manufacturing, government and military facilities. design sanitary waste and vent, hot water systems, storm drainage, grease waste including grease interceptors, domestic and non-potable water systems, size and select hot water heaters, pumps, valve components.
Senior Industrial Engineer- Columbus, OH Abbott LaboratoriesSenior Industrial Engineer- Columbus, OHColumbus, OH$78,000–$156,000 / yearAbbott Nutrition develops science‑based nutrition products for people of all ages-from supporting healthy growth in infants and children to helping adults stay strong and active. The Senior Industrial Engineer provides plant manufacturing with support in the areas of line speed calculations and reporting, material loss rates, throughput evaluation, headcount justification, capacity analysis and downtime evaluation.
NewHelp Desk Engineer for MSP - Strong Tier 2 (Columbus Metro Area) SequenturHelp Desk Engineer for MSP - Strong Tier 2 (Columbus Metro Area)Columbus, OHTechnical Skills : Windows Administration and troubleshooting, basic scripting skills, O365, Azure, Azure AD, AD, Intune, Autopilot, Multifactor / SAML / OKTA / AD Connect, Windows Server (2008 R2+), Windows 7 and later, Adobe, Firewalls, Backup software, VPN, Hyper-V. Including technical support for desktops and laptops, printers, servers, software, and advanced networking utilizing remote access tools, chat and email support, telephone support, and onsite/field support.
Kapton Semi-Work Engineer EKC Advanced Electronics USAKapton Semi-Work EngineerCircleville, OhioThe engineer will evaluate technical and process-related challenges, execute capital and cost improvement projects, and implement continuous improvement initiatives to ensure safe, reliable, and efficient operations. The role requires the ability to support multiple programs while collaborating closely with casting operations, maintenance, and research teams to advance new product casting and small-lot commercial production.
Product Development Mechanical Engineer Forgent PowerProduct Development Mechanical EngineerColumbus, OH$139,000–$154,000 / yearThis role is responsible for designing scalable product platforms that support Forgent's portfolio of critical power distribution equipment including switchboards, switchgear, power distribution skids, PDUs, RPPs, transformer protection skids, utility interface skids, and E-House power modules. Design and optimize: Structural frames and skid assemblies, Equipment Designs and Configurable Layouts, Busbar and power distribution components, Equipment mounting systems, Cable management and routing, Thermal considerations and equipment layout.
Critical Facilities Project Engineer ATS CompaniesCritical Facilities Project EngineerNew Albany, OH$68,000–$124,000 / yearOur talented team of systems integrators make a difference by engineering, installing, and maintaining building automation systems that are thoughtfully designed to reduce energy consumption, optimize building performance, and provide the best conditions for tenant occupants. We know they care about the valuable work they do and we care about making sure they have all the support they need to thrive and grow, including, but not limited to: Fair and equitable pay that meets and exceeds market rates.
Product Engineer Synerfac Technical StaffingProduct EngineerMc Connelsville, OHQualified candidates for the product engineer would be experienced with parts design, manufacturability, customer requirements, cost analysis, feasibility studies, process development, and automotive core tools. The product engineer is responsible for leading technical development activities from initial concept through prototype and early production phases.
NewForward Deployed Engineer- Snowflake Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu LtdForward Deployed Engineer- SnowflakeColumbus, OH$134,500–$265,100 / yearAt Deloitte, Forward Deployed Engineers (FDE) don't just build AI solutions, they help clients turn AI ambition into enterprise-scale impact, pairing leading class engineering with pod-based delivery and vertical expertise. This requires a highly motivated practitioner who moves with speed and precision, building working software, engaging confidently with senior stakeholders and engineers to bring measurable business impact from day one.
ServiceNow Platform Engineer - Hybrid Genesis10ServiceNow Platform Engineer - HybridColumbus, OH$80–$90 / hourTemporaryContractorFull timeConfiguration and modification of the ServiceNow platform in the following areas IT Service Management (ITSM), Customer Service Management (CSM), Intelligent Apps, HR Service Delivery, Security Operations, Governance, Risk & Compliance (GRC) or Integrated Risk Management (IRM), Software Asset Management (SAM), IT Business Management (ITBM), and IT Operations Management (ITOM). Ranked a Top Staffing Firm in the U.S. by Staffing Industry Analysts for six consecutive years, Genesis10 puts thousands of consultants and employees to work across the United States every year in contract, contract-for-hire, and permanent placement roles.
Calibration Engineer Anduril Industries IncCalibration EngineerAshville, OH$97,000–$129,000 / yearExperience with precise measurement tools, such as caliper, micrometer, pin gage, height gage, dial indicator, Pi tape, Deltronic pins, bore gage, optical comparator-angle/distance, fillet gage, radius gage set, surface finish chart, thread gage 2A/2B, profilometer, groove micrometer. This role will be dynamic and full of new engagement, challenges, and opportunities to bring the core elements of success for a calibration program - measuring the process, managing tracking software, schedules, accuracy & precision of equipment, equipment history, traceability methods, accreditation and reporting.
Lead Project Engineer- Industrial Division Ruhlin CoLead Project Engineer- Industrial DivisionColumbus, OHProficient in Bluebeam, Microsoft 365, and Microsoft Teams, Viewpoint Vista, and HCSS Heavy Bid, with the ability to quickly learn new software as needed. For over 100 years we have created cooperative relationships with our clients by listening closely to their needs and successfully translating their visions into reality.
Quality Engineer Synerfac Technical StaffingQuality EngineerMc Connelsville, OHPrepare and update Control Plans, Inspection Sheets, Process Flow Charts, Capability Studies, Inspection Reports, and other documentation according to customer requirements. - Experience with various quality core tools like IATF requirements, 8D methodology, PDCA, APQP/PPAP, PFMEA, MSA, and SPC.
Senior Construction Program Manager, Capital Planning National Church ResidencesSenior Construction Program Manager, Capital PlanningColumbus, OHManage all aspects of the Multifamily construction projects assigned including the solicitation, bid reviews, negotiation of final bids, contracting of projects, pre-construction meetings, construction management and oversight, invoicing, final punch, and record retention. Job Description: POSITION PURPOSE: As part of the Housing Division, the Senior Program Manager, Capital Planning is responsible for ensuring capital repairs and replacements across National Church Residences' Affordable Housing portfolio occur on time and under budget, while effectively and efficiently communicating with all stakeholders and partners.
Sr Equipment Engineer The Wendys CoSr Equipment EngineerDublin, OH$93,000–$158,000 / yearSupports proactive equipment improvements that positively impact food quality food safety customer & employee experiences through an innovative mindset the testing evaluating & implementing of new equipment & continuous improvements into Wendys restaurants. Supports multiple cross-functional RSCRegional teams in developing communicating monitoring and executing tactical plans for successful implementation of new equipment systems tools processes and procedures into the restaurants.
Manufacturing Engineer I WielandManufacturing Engineer IDelaware, OhioThe Manufacturing Engineer will strive to implement processes that increase productivity, reduce in-process inventory, increase quality, and generate overall continuous improvement of manufacturing and production support systems. The Manufacturing Engineer I will plan, design, and implement production systems that assure safety, performance, reliability, maintainability, schedule adherence, cost control, and quality assurance.
(Remote) Technical Support Engineer Harris(Remote) Technical Support EngineerOhioRemote$65,000–$75,000 / yearServe as primary technical contact for Globys' international carrier customers - triaging, reproducing, and resolving issues at Tier 1/2 without requiring engineering escalation unless a confirmed software defect or infrastructure failure is identified. This role is the primary technical point of contact for our international carrier customers (AT&T, Telstra, TELUS, OneNZ, and others) and demands someone who is as comfortable writing a SQL query to reproduce a data anomaly as they are walking a client through a configuration fix.
Infrastructure Engineer [Multiple Positions Available] JPMorgan Chase & CoInfrastructure Engineer [Multiple Positions Available]Columbus, OHQUALIFICATIONS: Minimum education and experience required: Bachelor''s degree in Computer Engineering, Computer Science, Information Technology, or related field of study plus 5 years of experience in the job offered or as Infrastructure Engineer, Database and Devops Engineer, Implementation Specialist, Database Administrator, Infra Technology Specialist, or related occupation. JPMorganChase, one of the oldest financial institutions, offers innovative financial solutions to millions of consumers, small businesses and many of the world's most prominent corporate, institutional and government clients under the J.P.
Lead Software Engineer -AI JPMorgan Chase & CoLead Software Engineer -AIColumbus, OHExperience applying expertise and new methods to determine solutions for complex technology problems in one or more technical disciplines (including designing multi-step AI workflows: sequential chains, parallel fan-out, conditional routing, and human-in-the-loop checkpoints). As a Lead Software Engineer in AI with CCB at JPMorgan Chase you will develop complex and scalable frameworks using appropriate software design, including durable and reusable frameworks leveraged across teams and functions.
Lead Software Engineer-AI JPMorgan Chase & CoLead Software Engineer-AIColumbus, OHExperience applying expertise and new methods to determine solutions for complex technology problems in one or more technical disciplines (including designing multi-step AI workflows: sequential chains, parallel fan-out, conditional routing, and human-in-the-loop checkpoints). As a Lead Software Engineer in AI with CCB at JPMorgan Chase you will develop complex and scalable frameworks using appropriate software design, including durable and reusable frameworks leveraged across teams and functions.
Senior Lead Software Engineer - Java, React, AWS JPMorgan Chase & CoSenior Lead Software Engineer - Java, React, AWSColumbus, OHIn this role, you''ll join an agile engineering organization building and operating a growing portfolio of firmwide platforms: Feature Request, Convey, TechTube, go/roadmaps, go/blogs, and go/engineers, that streamline product intake, customer communication, knowledge sharing, roadmap transparency, long-form technical publishing, and developer documentation across the organization. Mentor and grow engineers (junior through senior) through design reviews, code reviews, and hands-on guidance on best practices, system design, and implementation and partner with Product Owners and stakeholders to translate business goals into measurable technical outcomes, define roadmaps, and drive transparency through product metrics and KPIs.
Lead Software Engineer - Java, React, AWS JPMorgan Chase & CoLead Software Engineer - Java, React, AWSColumbus, OHIn this role, you''ll join an agile engineering organization building and operating a growing portfolio of firmwide platforms: Feature Request, Convey, TechTube, go/roadmaps, go/blogs, and go/engineers, that streamline product intake, customer communication, knowledge sharing, roadmap transparency, long-form technical publishing, and developer documentation across the organization. Mentor and grow engineers (junior through senior) through design reviews, code reviews, and hands-on guidance on best practices, system design, and implementation and partner with Product Owners and stakeholders to translate business goals into measurable technical outcomes, define roadmaps, and drive transparency through product metrics and KPIs.
Manufacturing Principal Engineer - Paint Honda Motor Co LtdManufacturing Principal Engineer - PaintMarysville, OHWe strive to be a company that serves as a source of "power" that supports people around the world who are trying to do things based on their own initiative and that helps people expand their own potential. Analyze and act on Production Engineering Work Orders (PEWO) through the development of the engineering concept sheet (ECS), payback calculations, and environmental documents.
Systems Engineer, Journeyman Torch TechnologiesSystems Engineer, JourneymanWright Patterson AFB, OhioCommand, Control, Communications, and Battle Management (C3BM) has been tasked with delivering an integrated Department of the Air Force (DAF) Battle Network providing resilient decision advantage and enabling the USAF, USSF, Joint, and Coalition Force to win against the pacing challenge. C3BM’s main efforts are Architecture and Systems Engineering (ASE), Operational Response Team (ORT), and multiple mission integration teams such as Air, Maritime and multiple acquisitions consisting of both the Advanced Battle Management System (ABMS) and Space.
Field Support Engineer II ZEISSField Support Engineer IIOhioThe Field Support Engineer II, with limited supervision, installs, repairs, upgrades and performs preventative maintenance on specified Carl Zeiss Meditec instrumentation in a designated field service territory. Diagnose and repair all designated products within an assigned service territory, including preventative maintenance, installations and upgrades per specific training, manuals and Carl Zeiss Meditec guidelines.
Engineer, Application and Development, Warehouse Transformation Cardinal Health IncEngineer, Application and Development, Warehouse TransformationDublin, OH$94,900–$135,600 / yearBy leveraging knowledge of software development techniques, platforms, integrations, and operating environments, this function enables effective problem resolution, continuous improvement, and high‑quality system performance. Pay at Cardinal Health is determined by multiple factors including, but not limited to, a candidate's geographical location, relevant education, experience and skills and an evaluation of internal pay equity.
Model Based System Engineer Torch TechnologiesModel Based System EngineerWright Patterson AFB, OhioModel-Based Systems Engineering is a rapidly growing discipline withinthe Departmentof Defense (DoD) and Intelligence Community, enabling more efficient, data-driven approaches to complex system development and analysis. Bachelor's Degree in Systems Engineering, Electrical Engineering, Aerospace Engineering, Computer Science, or a related technical field.
Senior Facilities Engineer (Commissioning & Startup) LotusWorksSenior Facilities Engineer (Commissioning & Startup)New Albany, OhioThis role provides onsite engineering support for facility expansion, system upgrades, commissioning, startup, and operational transition projects while ensuring systems are delivered safely, efficiently, and in accordance with project and operational requirements. LotusWorks is an Engineering Services provider specializing in managing Commissioning, Construction Services, Calibration, Operations & Maintenance scopes of work within global manufacturing facilities.
Mechanical Quality and Commissioning Engineer LotusWorksMechanical Quality and Commissioning EngineerNew Albany, OhioLotusWorks is an Engineering Services provider specializing in managing Commissioning, Construction Services, Calibration, Operations & Maintenance scopes of work within global manufacturing facilities. LotusWorks operates globally across EMEA and North America partnering with the world's leading manufacturers across the Semiconductor, Pharmaceutical & Biologics, Medical Device and Data Centre sectors.
AI Automation Engineer - Process Excellence & Transformation CovestroAI Automation Engineer - Process Excellence & TransformationOhioThis person partners with Quality, Regulatory, Operations, and IT leaders to simplify complex processes, eliminate manual work, and build scalable automation using AI, low-code platforms, workflow tools, dashboards, and integrations. We are equally interested in exceptional problem solvers from operations, engineering, manufacturing, process excellence, legal operations in heavily regulated environments who learn quickly, think systematically, and enjoy building technology-enabled solutions.
Software Engineer Senior Nationwide Children's HospitalSoftware Engineer SeniorColumbus, OhioCONTINUOUSLY: Audible speech, Color vision, Computer skills, Decision Making, Depth perception, Hand use: grasping, gripping, turning, Hearing acuity, Interpreting Data, Peripheral vision, Problem solving, Repetitive hand/arm use, Seeing – Far/near, Sitting. Deep hands-on AWS is essential—Glue, Lambda, Step Functions, S3, Lake Formation, Athena—plus advanced Python, strong data modeling/SQL, and IaC (CloudFormation or SAM).
React Software Engineer III JPMorgan Chase & CoReact Software Engineer IIIColumbus, OHAs a Software Engineer III at JPMorganChase within the Consumer & Community Banking Insurance platform team, you serve as a seasoned member of an agile team to design and deliver trusted market-leading technology products in a secure, stable, and scalable way. Hands-on experience using enterprise-authorized AI-assisted software development tools within the work environment (e.g., for coding, test creation, troubleshooting, or documentation) with demonstrated ability to critically evaluate, validate, and refine AI-generated outputs for correctness, performance, and security.
Software Engineer III (Java/AWS) JPMorgan Chase & CoSoftware Engineer III (Java/AWS)Columbus, OHAs a Software Engineer III at JPMorganChase within the JPMorganChase within the Asset & Wealth Management - Performance & Attribution team, you serve as a seasoned member of an agile team to design and deliver trusted market-leading technology products in a secure, stable, and scalable way. Hands-on experience using enterprise-authorized AI-assisted software development tools within the work environment (e.g., for coding, test creation, troubleshooting, or documentation) with demonstrated ability to critically evaluate, validate, and refine AI-generated outputs for correctness, performance, and security.
Software Engineer III (Python/AuthE) JPMorgan Chase & CoSoftware Engineer III (Python/AuthE)Columbus, OHA core part of this role is enabling non-workforce (external) users to securely log in to internally built web reporting applications through Authentication Everywhere (AuthE), the strategic authentication & authorization platform for non-workforce users. As a Software Engineer III at JPMorgan Chase within the Corporate sector, Data Visualization & BI you serve as a seasoned member of an agile team to design and deliver trusted market-leading technology products in a secure, stable, and scalable way.
ATM Sr Lead Software Engineer JPMorgan Chase & CoATM Sr Lead Software EngineerWesterville, OHAs a Senior Lead Software Engineer at JPMorganChase within the Consumer & Community Banking ATM technology team, you are an integral part of an agile team that works to enhance, build, and deliver trusted market-leading technology products in a secure, stable, and scalable way. Strong understanding of responsible AI use in engineering workflows, including data sensitivity considerations, secure handling of inputs/outputs, and adherence to resiliency and security expectations; experience coaching senior engineers/leads on compliant usage patterns and controls.