NewSenior Plumbing Designer (Revit) | Industrial and Semiconductor Facilities RigUpSenior Plumbing Designer (Revit) | Industrial and Semiconductor FacilitiesTempe, AZ$50–$75 / hourWe are looking for a Senior Plumbing Designer to lead the design, layout, and routing of industrial plumbing systems for large-scale advanced manufacturing facilities, including semiconductor plants. Strong working knowledge of US plumbing codes, specifically the International Plumbing Code (IPC) and Uniform Plumbing Code (UPC).
Package Designer PetSmartPackage DesignerPhoenix, ArizonaClearly communicate and present design strategies and creative rationale to cross-functional partners including Photographers, Copywriters, Production Artists, and Brand Managers. Working closely with the proprietary brand creative team, the ideal candidate will develop innovative, consumer-focused design solutions that align with brand strategy, market trends, and business objectives.
Package Designer PetSmart LLCPackage DesignerPhoenix, AZClearly communicate and present design strategies and creative rationale to cross-functional partners including Photographers, Copywriters, Production Artists, and Brand Managers. Working closely with the proprietary brand creative team, the ideal candidate will develop innovative, consumer-focused design solutions that align with brand strategy, market trends, and business objectives.
Substation Physical Designer 2 - Grid Sargent & LundySubstation Physical Designer 2 - GridPhoenix, Arizona$64,817–$93,201 / yearFull timeThis position will give you the opportunity to: Collaborate with engineers and designers in high and extra high voltage substation design in order to prepare the following: General Arrangement, Electrical Equipment Plans, Section Views (Elevations), Detailed Bills of Material, Lightning Stroke Shielding Plans, Grounding Plans, Conduits, Electrical Connection and Grounding Details, Below Grade Conduit/Raceway Plans, and Control Building Equipment, Cable Tray, Lighting, Grounding Plans and Sections. Education/Experience Requirements: An Associate’s Degree in Drafting, and/or a Bachelor's Degree in Engineering Technology, and/or a high school diploma and 3 or more years drafting course work or equivalent technical experience.
Packaging Prod Designer QXRXV5W3 icreativesPackaging Prod Designer QXRXV5W3Tempe, ArizonaOur client, a trusted leader in consumer health products, is looking for a Temp-to-Hire, Packaging Production Designer to bring their packaging to life across multiple brands. Include samples of your packaging production work, labels, FDA / Regulatory Compliance Integration (if applicable), Die Lines, samples of Final Art Files, and Comps.
NewDesigner Liberty Diversified InternationalDesignerPhoenix, AZ$62,914–$78,642 / hourabout our company: Comprised of multiple companies with headquarters in New Hope, Minnesota, Liberty Diversified International (LDI) is a privately held company employing more than 1,900 individuals across our manufacturing facilities, production facilities and core business operations in Minnesota, Iowa, Nebraska, Illinois, Mississippi, Texas, Arizona, California, and Mexico. With deep roots in the corrugated box manufacturing industry, we operate in the core markets of paper, packaging, workplace products, corrugated plastics and building products.
NewDesigner Liberty Diversified International, Inc.DesignerPhoenix, AZ$62,914–$78,642 / hourFull timeComprised of multiple companies with headquarters in New Hope, Minnesota, Liberty Diversified International (LDI) is a privately held company employing more than 1,900 individuals across our manufacturing facilities, production facilities and core business operations in Minnesota, Iowa, Nebraska, Illinois, Mississippi, Texas, Arizona, California, and Mexico. With deep roots in the corrugated box manufacturing industry, we operate in the core markets of paper, packaging, workplace products, corrugated plastics and building products.
Flex Designer II Softline SolutionsFlex Designer IIGlendale, ArizonaYou should be equally comfortable executing logo identities, preparing pre-press art files, producing packaging layouts, presentations, catalogs, brand guidelines, and managing brand templates that stay rigorously onsystem. – Prepare and manage pre-press art files for print production — packaging, catalogs, largeformat, and collateral — with a working knowledge of print specs, dieline setup, and vendor.
Presentation Designer (Investment Banking) - 1st Shift (On-site) RR Donnelley & Sons CoPresentation Designer (Investment Banking) - 1st Shift (On-site)Phoenix, AZWith 22,000 clients, including 93% of the Fortune 100, and 32,000 employees across 28 countries, RRD brings the expertise, execution, and scale designed to transform customer touchpoints into meaningful moments of impact. Starting pay decisions are determined based on multiple factors including but not limited to relevant education, qualifications, skills, experience, certifications, proficiency, performance, shift, location, and other business needs.
Embedded Software Designer Fidus SystemsEmbedded Software DesignerPhoenix, AZRemoteYou will lead and contribute to embedded software development across communication, networking, and video applications—developing BSP-level software, implementing device drivers, integrating with FPGA SoCs and hardware, and setting technical direction for project teams. This role is ideal for someone with deep embedded expertise who enjoys working with new technologies, takes pride in producing maintainable, high-quality code, and is ready to provide technical leadership and mentorship while working closely with customers.
Presentation Designer (Investment Banking) - 2nd Shift (On-site) RR Donnelley & Sons CoPresentation Designer (Investment Banking) - 2nd Shift (On-site)Phoenix, AZ$25–$36.97 / hourWith 22,000 clients, including 93% of the Fortune 100, and 32,000 employees across 28 countries, RRD brings the expertise, execution, and scale designed to transform customer touchpoints into meaningful moments of impact. Starting pay decisions are determined based on multiple factors including but not limited to relevant education, qualifications, skills, experience, certifications, proficiency, performance, shift, location, and other business needs.
Flex Designer I Softline SolutionsFlex Designer IGlendale, ArizonaContribute brand strategy copywriting: naming, messaging frameworks, brand voice guides, and positioning language in partnership with copy and strategy leads. • Agency, consultancy, or fast-paced in-house experience managing multiple brand identities and campaigns simultaneously — ideally across franchise, multi-location, or licensed brand environments.
Principal PCB Designer ViaSat IncPrincipal PCB DesignerTempe, AZ$168,000–$252,000 / yearThis role provides supplemental layout capacity on high risk or resource constrained programs, leads design reviews, and mentors other PCB designers to raise the overall technical bar. We are seeking an experienced Principal PCB Designer to provide senior level technical leadership and execution for complex printed circuit board designs across the Space Infrastructure organization.
NewPhysical Security Designer Strategic Mission CriticalPhysical Security DesignerPhoenix, Georgia$75,000–$100,000 / yearTypical project types may include design of greenfield and brownfield data center facilities, design of fit-out packages for hyperscale and enterprise clients of colocation providers, data center campus planning, conceptual designs and feasibility studies, and other mission critical applications such as command-and-control centers. SMC is actively looking for a Mid-Level Physical Security Designer to execute physical security access control, intrusion alarm, and video surveillance systems design for mission critical projects in producing device layouts, riser diagrams, device schedules, and cable schedules within Revit (BIM).
Senior PCB Designer ViaSat IncSenior PCB DesignerTempe, AZ$123,500–$185,500 / yearYou will own PCB layout from early architectural trade studies through fabrication release, working closely with hardware, mechanical, manufacturing, and test engineers to translate demanding system requirements into robust, manufacturable designs. As a Senior PCB Designer on the Space Infrastructure team, you will design and deliver complex, high‑reliability printed circuit boards that enable next‑generation space systems and ground infrastructure.
Senior Technology Designer Bridgers & Paxton Consulting Engineers, Inc.Senior Technology DesignerMesa, AZWe offer competitive salaries and an excellent benefits package, we pay 100% of employee health coverage and partial coverage for families, fully vested retirement plan with company match, vision, dental, cafeteria plan and flexible work from home policy. Requirements: Minimum 7 years of experience in the design, deployment and construction administration of structured cabling, security, A/V and other low voltage building systems.
Technology Services Senior Designer Affiliated Engineers, Inc.Technology Services Senior DesignerPhoenix, Arizona10+ years’ experience designing Information Communications Technology (ICT) systems in a Built Environment, Building Technology, or Electrical consultant firm: structured cabling, voice/data systems, emergency communications, audio-visual systems, mission critical/data center connectivity, clinical communication systems to name a few. AEI consistently earns national recognition from leading industry publications, including Building Design+Construction, Engineering News-Record, and Consulting-Specifying Engineer, with distinctions such as being named the #1 Laboratory Engineering Firm in the nation and receiving multiple Best of the Best Project awards, underscoring the lasting legacy of our work.
Fire Sprinkler Designer Johnson Service GroupFire Sprinkler DesignerPhoenix, AZJohnson Service Group (JSG) is a nationally recognized Professional Staffing and Recruiting firm that is currently looking for Fire Alarm Designers. Support testing, commissioning, system acceptance, and emergent site needs, including witnessing tests and providing code interpretations.
Multimedia Designer Crain Communications IncMultimedia DesignerPhoenix, AZ$75,000–$100,000 / yearHowever, employees who have access to the compensation information of other employees or applicants as a part of their essential job functions cannot disclose the pay of other employees or applicants to individuals who do not otherwise have access to compensation information, unless the disclosure is (a) in response to a formal complaint or charge, (b) in furtherance of an investigation, proceeding, hearing, or action, including an investigation conducted by the employer, or (c) consistent with the contractor's legal duty to furnish information. About Crain Communications: Crain Communications is a leading business news and information company with a portfolio of 24 media brands that provide indispensable coverage and data for professionals globally and across sectors, including advertising, automotive, finance, healthcare, staffing, and workforce solutions.
Fire Sprinkler Designer / Project Manager Cosco Fire Protection IncFire Sprinkler Designer / Project ManagerPhoenix, AZ$30–$45 / hourEssential Duties and Responsibilities include the following: Design Responsibilities: Develop shop drawings, hydraulic calculations, and stock lists with a focus on applicable NFPA/local/state code compliance, project specifications/contract documents, and efficient and cost effective field installation. Demonstrate a solid understanding of design/drafting techniques, familiarity with fire sprinkler terminology, mechanical aptitude, and ability to complete basic mathematical calculations.
High-End Design Build Sales Representative/Designer JK ConsultantsHigh-End Design Build Sales Representative/DesignerPhoenix, AZA well-established business specializing in high-end residential design-build construction and landscape maintenance seeks an experienced Landscape Architect/Designer with a sales acumen in the Phoenix area. This role requires strong leadership, exceptional design acumen, and the ability to nurture and convert both requested and general marketing leads into profitable projects.
NewSystem Designer and Estimator Lighting - Clearwing Clair Global CorporationSystem Designer and Estimator Lighting - ClearwingPhoenix, AZFull timeSkill/Experience Preferences:In-depth knowledge of theatrical rigging systems and hardwareETC Lighting Authorized Service ProviderETC Rigging Authorized Service ProviderETCP Entertainment ElectricianExperience in SketchUp Physical Working Conditions:While performing the duties of this job, the employee may be regularly required to sit, talk, hear, reach, stoop, kneel, and use hands and fingers to operate a computer, telephone, and keyboard. In-depth knowledge of:Theatrical and architectural lighting systemsLightwrightVectorworksETC Lighting products and integrated control systemsHigh voltage (120/208v) power distributionLow-voltage control system wiringIn-depth knowledge of construction documentation, including floor plans, RCPs, building sections, schematics, and riser diagrams.
NewSystem Designer and Estimator Rigging - Clearwing Clair Global CorporationSystem Designer and Estimator Rigging - ClearwingPhoenix, AZFull timeSkill/Experience Preferences:In-depth knowledge of theatrical rigging systems and hardwareExperience in SketchUpCertifications:ETCP Certified Rigger – TheatreETC Rigging Authorized Service Provider Physical Working Conditions:While performing the duties of this job, the employee may be regularly required to sit, talk, hear, reach, stoop, kneel, and use hands and fingers to operate a computer, telephone, and keyboard. The primary responsibility is translating customers' functional requirements as captured by the Salesperson and RFP documents into bills of materials, quotes and functional narratives that represent a fully functional lighting system.
Senior Substation Physical Designer Michael Page InternationalSenior Substation Physical DesignerPhoenix, Arizona$140,000–$150,000 / yearFull timeThe team partners with electric utilities, renewable developers, and industrial clients to design and modernize transmission, distribution, and substation facilities that improve grid reliability and support the evolving energy industry. About Our ClientJoin a nationally recognized engineering and consulting firm delivering innovative solutions for utility infrastructure across North America.
Substation Physical Designer Michael Page InternationalSubstation Physical DesignerPhoenix, Arizona$120,000–$135,000 / yearFull timeA successful Substation Physical Designer should have an associate's or bachelor's degree in Engineering Technology, Drafting, Electrical Engineering, or related discipline (or equivalent experience). Substation Physical DesignerDevelop physical substation design packages for new construction, expansion, upgrade, and retrofit projects.
NewStructural Designer Aspen Technical Staffing, IncStructural DesignerTempe, AZYou will support structural modeling efforts using Revit or similar design tools for advanced technology manufacturing environments, including semiconductor fabrication and support facilities. This position offers the opportunity to take ownership of your work within a defined scope, collaborate with multidisciplinary teams, and grow your technical capabilities in a fast-paced, innovative environment.
Senior Civil Designer - DHI Engineering D.R. Horton IncSenior Civil Designer - DHI EngineeringScottsdale, AZLand'',''Land'',''Arizona-Scottsdale'',''Arizona-Scottsdale'','''','''',''DHI Engineering'',''DHI Engineering'',''Full-time'',''Full-time'',''Jul 1, 2026, 9:37:28 AM'',''Jul 1, 2026, 9:37:28 AM'','''','''',''false'',''false'',''265730'',''265730'',''true'',''265730'',''false'',''Submission for the position: Senior Civil Designer - DHI Engineering - (Job Number: 2603295)'',''false'',''265730'',''false'',''true''. Implement specific project design criteria and coordinate with project design teams consisting of Engineers, CAD Designers and Technicians, and Sub-consultants (if necessary) to successfully complete a project.
NewPhysical Designer (Substation) GFT Infrastructure IncPhysical Designer (Substation)Phoenix, AZRemote$80,000–$110,000 / yearAbility to develop and review a complete set of construction documents (layouts, elevations, details, grounding plans and details, trench and conduit plans and details, single line diagrams, etc.) based upon project/client specification with little or no supervision. In this capacity, the successful candidate will be responsible for the following: Design and execution of high-voltage substations projects in the 34.5kV - 500kV range with an emphasis on project safety, cost, quality and reliability.
Designer/Checker - LLNL The Kemtah Group, Inc.Designer/Checker - LLNLPhoenix, AZ$72,800–$93,600 / yearAssess the models and documentation created by designers to verify parameters, accuracy of information, and additional file specifications to assure they adhere to customer requirements. This position is offering a salary rate of $72,800 to $93,600 however, Belcan considers several factors when extending an offer, including but not limited to education, experience, geographic location, and discipline.
Electrical Designer Maverick PowerElectrical DesignerPhoenix 2, AZManage design files and documentation within SOLIDWORKS PDM, including check-in/check-out practices, revision control, data card updates, workflow transition states, and release status management to support accurate data management and document control. This role supports the design and manufacture of switchgear, switchboards, and related assemblies through the development of accurate single-line diagrams, three-line diagrams, schematics, wiring diagrams, panel and equipment layouts, and associated bills of materials (BOM).
Electrical Designer - Medium Voltage Maverick PowerElectrical Designer - Medium VoltagePhoenix 2, AZAbout the Role: The Electrical Designer supports the design and documentation of power distribution products and integrated electrical systems, including control panels, panelboards, switchgear, skids, ePods, and other custom equipment packages. Develop and update one-line diagrams, three-line diagrams, control schematics, wiring diagrams, interconnect drawings, panel layouts, cable schedules, device layouts, and related electrical documentation under engineering direction.
Civil Designer - Energy Larson Design GroupCivil Designer - EnergyPhoenix, AZProficient in Revit, AutoCAD Civil 3D, Microstation/InRoads, and/or Hydrologic and Hydraulic Software Packages to be used for Site Layout, Grading, Utility, and Storm Water Management Plan design and/or other discipline-specific programs preferred. Utilizes software such as CAD, Civil 3D, Revit, MicroStation, InRoads, SketchUp, Photoshop, and other discipline-specific programs to produce accurate, high-quality design drawings.
NewVDC Project Designer Strategic Mission CriticalVDC Project DesignerPhoenix, GeorgiaThis role is ideal for an early-career professional with prior industry experience who is looking to further develop their Revit, BIM, and VDC skillsets while working alongside experienced designers and coordinators. Summary : Strategic Mission Critical is seeking a Project Designer to join our growing Virtual Design & Construction (VDC) team supporting some of the world's most advanced mission critical facilities.
Plumbing Designer Salas Oâ€Brien Engineers IncPlumbing DesignerPhoenix, AZ$80,000–$110,000 / yearOur Plumbing Designers focus primarily on the design of building related projects, including apartment buildings, retail/commercial spaces, hospital and educational facilities using Revit and AutoCAD software. It also means that each member of our team has truly limitless potential to build a unique, meaningful, and high-impact career-and they'll receive great total rewards along the way.
Senior Graphic Designer Marcus & Millichap IncSenior Graphic DesignerPhoenix, AZ$34–$45 / hourA top producing team at Marcus & Millichap, the nation''s leading commercial real estate investment sales company, is seeking a talented, career minded and experienced Graphic Designer in their Phoenix office. Founded in 1971, Marcus & Millichap (NYSE: MMI) is a premier commercial real estate brokerage firm specializing in investment sales, financing, research, and advisory services.
Landscape Designer RVi Planning + Landscape ArchitectureLandscape DesignerScottsdale, ArizonaThe Landscape Designer position is a developmental landscape architectural position working under direct supervision to support a project team by designing a portion of projects and addressing landscape architectural issues for various projects. Through creative strategy and design, we lead integrated teams to envision the world’s next great communities, public places, campuses, and hospitality experiences.
Component Designer-Checker Belcan LLCComponent Designer-CheckerPhoenix, AZ$72,800–$93,600 / yearAssures that mechanical component models match manufacturer specifications to assure proper space and interface representations in upper level assembly models to accurately predict the fit and potential interferences. Assures that electrical component models contain necessary features to assure proper assembly capabilities in necessary cable assemblies and electro-mechanical Creo Schematics models.
NewBAS Controls System Designer II-III MPSWBAS Controls System Designer II-IIIPhoenix, ArizonaPrepare submittal package containing specific hardware selections, flow diagrams, sequence of operations, bill of materials, network layouts, controller matrices, controller wiring diagrams, and wiring schematics as required. We work with industry professionals and end users from the conceptual stage of projects to provide energy efficient, value‐added solutions to their complex problems.
NewSenior Product Designer Nextiva IncSenior Product DesignerScottsdale, AZAs a Senior Product Designer, you''ll shape experiences across our Unified Customer Experience platform, partnering closely with Product and Engineering to solve complex customer problems through modern design, rapid prototyping, and intelligent AI-assisted workflows. Nextiva's most successful team members share common traits and behaviors: Drives Results: Action-oriented problem solvers who quickly bring clarity and simplicity to ambiguity, challenge the status quo, and lead meaningful change; celebrating wins to fuel momentum.
Graphic Designer, Premium Experiences and Brand Arizona CardinalsGraphic Designer, Premium Experiences and BrandTempe, AZExperience designing for premium hospitality, executive communications, events, corporate environments, sponsorships, or luxury consumer experiences Advanced proficiency in Adobe Creative Cloud, including Adobe InDesign, Illustrator, and Photoshop. Primary Job Duties: The Graphic Designer role will have daily responsibilities including, without limitation, to the following: Develop elevated visual identities and creative concepts for special events, leadership meetings, premium hospitality experiences, and internal initiatives.
Designer I Schweitzer Engineering Laboratories IncDesigner IPhoenix, AZ$32–$37 / hourIn this role, you will collaborate with technical leads to produce high-quality engineering designs, CAD drawings, and project documentation while contributing to innovative power system solutions. As a Designer in Engineering Services, you'll provide solutions and services that help our customers protect and control critical electrical infrastructure and power systems worldwide.
Senior Graphic Designer Marcus and MillichapSenior Graphic DesignerPhoenix, AZ$34–$45 / hourA top producing team at Marcus & Millichap, the nation's leading commercial real estate investment sales company, is seeking a talented, career minded and experienced Graphic Designer in their Phoenix office. Founded in 1971, Marcus & Millichap (NYSE: MMI) is a premier commercial real estate brokerage firm specializing in investment sales, financing, research, and advisory services.
Multimedia Designer Softline SolutionsMultimedia DesignerGlendale, ArizonaThe ideal candidate combines deep technical proficiency with best-in-class presentation design transforming ideas into dynamic visual content with a forward-thinking vision for multimedia experiences. In this role, the candidate should understand visual hierarchy, typography, color systems, composition, data visualization, motion design, and modern AI-assisted creative workflows.
NewSr. UI/UX Web Designer FenderSr. UI/UX Web DesignerPhoenix, AZRemote$80,000–$145,000 / yearWithin Fender Musical Instruments Corporation’s ("FMIC") Marketing team, you’ll support web design efforts for Fender.com , JacksonGuitars.com and Presonus.com and help to evolve our global digital experience through thoughtful storytelling, modern UX, and scalable design systems. Fender Musical Instruments Corporation (FMIC) is one of the world’s leading musical instrument manufacturers, marketers and distributors, whose portfolio of brands includes Fender®, Squier®, Presonus®, Gretsch®, Jackson®, EVH®, Charvel®, Bigsby®, and Groove Tubes®, among others.
Graphic Designer II DLA PiperGraphic Designer IIPhoenix, AZ$36.79–$58.50 / hourWhile the specific job requirements of a DLA Piper position may vary depending upon scope of the job and area of specialty, there are certain universal requirements that are expected of all DLA Piper employees, which include but are not limited to: Effectively communicate, verbally and in writing, with clients, lawyers, business professionals, and third parties; Produce deliverables, answer phone calls, and reply to correspondence in an efficient and responsive manner; Provide timely, accurate, and quality work product; Successfully meet deadlines, expectations, and perform work duties as required; Foster positive work relationships; Comply with all firm policies and practices; Engage in both physical and sedentary activity, such as (a) working at a computer for extended periods of time, including on-screen reading and typing; (b) participating in digital/virtual conference calls; (c) participating in meetings as needed; Ability to work under pressure and manage competing demands in a fast-paced environment; Perform all other duties, tasks or projects as assigned. Following creative direction, produces graphic art and visual materials for the firm's visual identity extensions across all branded elements including printed materials, environment, online, interactive media, and video.
Technology Services Designer Affiliated Engineers, Inc.Technology Services DesignerPhoenix, Arizona5+ years’ experience designing Information Communications Technology (ICT) systems in a Built Environment, Building Technology, or Electrical consultant firm: structured cabling, voice/data systems, emergency communications, audio-visual systems, mission critical/data center connectivity, clinical communication systems to name a few. AEI consistently earns national recognition from leading industry publications, including Building Design+Construction, Engineering News-Record, and Consulting-Specifying Engineer, with distinctions such as being named the #1 Laboratory Engineering Firm in the nation and receiving multiple Best of the Best Project awards, underscoring the lasting legacy of our work.
NewSolution Designer II Sodexo SASolution Designer IIPhoenix, AZ$100,130–$155,540 / yearThis role partners with Sales, Operations, Commercial Finance, and other cross-functional teams to design innovative either food, environmental services, integrated facilities management, and support service solutions that align with client needs and operational capabilities. Sodexo is hiring a Solution Designer II to drive growth by creating client-focused solutions that balance customer needs, operational excellence, and profitability while partnering with Sales, Operations, Finance, and other teams.
NewSolution Designer III Sodexo SASolution Designer IIIPhoenix, AZ$115,940–$180,070 / yearThis role partners with Sales, Operations, Commercial Finance, and other cross-functional teams to design innovative food, environmental services, integrated facilities management, and support service solutions that align with client needs and operational capabilities. You will also be asked to provide meal plan training at the operational level, conduct unit operational assessments and financial analysis in support of predictive analytics, provide guidance and mentorship to field management, support development of analytical management tools for the Segment.
Civil Designer (Water/Wastewater Infrastructure) Water Works EngineersCivil Designer (Water/Wastewater Infrastructure)Scottsdale, AZDevelop complex architectural, structural, and mechanical design models and drawings, leveraging AutoCAD, Autodesk Civil 3D, and Revit for tasks such as advanced structural steel detailing, reinforced concrete components, pipe networks, and water/wastewater equipment systems. Your work directly supports the development and refinement of advanced civil engineering designs for impactful municipal projects, helping ensure communities have reliable water, wastewater, and recycled water systems.
Project Interior Designer - Mission Critical HKS incProject Interior Designer - Mission CriticalPhoenix, AZ$95,000–$115,000 / yearCoordinates with project team on review and approval of final interior and exterior programming, design development documents, construction documents, furnishings selections and purchases, RFIs and submittals. Collaborates on all phases of the design process for respective project(s) including programming client needs, conceptual and schematic design, design development and construction document preparation.