Senior Software Engineer, Backend Cisco Systems IncSenior Software Engineer, BackendSan Francisco, CA$165,000–$241,400 / yearAs a member of the Time Series Data team, you will develop, scale, and maintain the platforms and services which sustain several Cisco services and data platforms, including the flagship Meraki Dashboard product. For quota-based incentive pay, Cisco typically pays as follows: 75% of incentive target for each 1% of revenue attainment up to 50% of quota; 1.5% of incentive target for each 1% of attainment between 50% and 75%; 1% of incentive target for each 1% of attainment between 75% and 100%; and.
Senior Analog/mixed-signal IC Design Engineer - Acacia (Hybrid) CiscoSenior Analog/mixed-signal IC Design Engineer - Acacia (Hybrid)San Jose, CaliforniaThe applicable full salary ranges for this position, by specific state, are listed below: New York City Metro Area: $194,600.00 - $328,600.00 Non-Metro New York state & Washington state: $179,000.00 - $294,000.00 * For quota-based sales roles on Cisco’s sales plan, the ranges provided in this posting include base pay and sales target incentive compensation combined. * Design, simulation and measurement of high speed ICs in at least 3 areas below: High Speed Serial Links utilizing serializers, deserializers, and data converters, voltage regulators, output drivers, phase locked loops, clock transmission/propagation, Opamps, programmable gain amplifiers, and equalization.
Sr Network Engineer Rakuten Group IncSr Network EngineerSan Mateo, CA$99,306–$171,612 / yearNetwork Security: NGFW (Palo Alto, Cisco FTD, FortiGate); IDS/IPS; VPN (IPsec, SSL); NAC (Cisco ISE, Aruba ClearPass); DDoS mitigation; WAF; segmentation & Zero Trust principles; Zscaler (ZIA, ZPA for SWG/cloud firewall/ZTNA) and ZDX for digital experience monitoring/troubleshooting. Certifications (Highly Preferred): Cisco CCNP Enterprise/Data Center/Security; (CCIE preferred); Juniper JNCIP/JNCIE; Palo Alto PCNSE; Fortinet NSE 4+; AWS Certified Advanced Networking - Specialty; Azure Network Engineer Associate.
NewAudio Quality and Data Engineer HarkAudio Quality and Data EngineerSan Jose, CaliforniaLead audio data collection programs: define recording protocols, acoustic conditions, device configurations, and speaker/language diversity targets; manage capture sessions and partner vendors; deliver labeled, structured datasets for both evaluation and model training. Investigate audio quality regressions and field issues — reproduce in the lab, isolate root cause across hardware, DSP, network, and model layers, and partner with hardware, firmware, ML, and platform teams to drive fixes.
Hardware & Wireless Validation Engineer ICONMA, LLCHardware & Wireless Validation EngineerFoster City, CA$87.68–$89.88 / hourHands-on experience configuring/programming, developing test cases using wireless test platforms (Keysight, Rohde & Schwarz) and testing/troubleshooting Automotive Ethernet products. You will also perform or commission conformance testing for international regulatory requirements, such as FCC emission compliance, PTCRB/GCF test suites, and U.S. MNO conformance testing.
NewMemory Hardware Component Engineer CiscoMemory Hardware Component EngineerSan Jose, California$143,100–$185,900 / yearThe applicable full salary ranges for this position, by specific state, are listed below: New York City Metro Area: $143,100.00 - $213,800.00 Non-Metro New York state & Washington state: $130,300.00 - $189,600.00 * For quota-based sales roles on Cisco’s sales plan, the ranges provided in this posting include base pay and sales target incentive compensation combined. As a member of our Component Quality and Technology team, you will have the opportunity to serve as Cisco’s domain authority in memory technologies, advising internal and external technical partners on the selection, validation, and qualification of memory components for Cisco products.
Senior Cloud Networking Engineer Skylo TechnologiesSenior Cloud Networking EngineerMountain View, CaliforniaOur direct-to-device service is live on millions of activated devices across five continents, covering more than 72 million square kilometers, in partnership with leading satellite operators, mobile network operators, Tier-1 chipset makers, and OEMs worldwide. This role will partner closely with cloud, DevOps, and security teams to deliver reliable cloud networking architectures that meet the needs of a growing, mission-critical platform.
Principal Engineer, Post-silicon Validation Ayar LabsPrincipal Engineer, Post-silicon ValidationSan Jose, CaliforniaBacked by industry giants like NVIDIA, AMD, MediaTek and Intel and manufactured in partnership with the world’s leading semiconductor ecosystem, Ayar Labs’ co-packaged optics solution is key to unleashing next-generation AI scale-up architectures. Root Cause and Debug: Investigate and drive to closure all silicon failure modes, from signal integrity issues to mixed-signal anomalies, using systematic debug methodologies and close collaboration with design and firmware teams.
Senior/Staff Power Electronics Engineer Heron PowerSenior/Staff Power Electronics EngineerScotts Valley, CaliforniaProficient in schematic capture, simulation tools (SPICE, PLECS, LTspice, Simulink etc.), and familiar with lab instrumentation such as oscilloscopes, network analyzers, and power analyzers. Collaborate closely with systems, mechanical, layout, firmware, reliability, and manufacturing teams to bring designs from concept to production at scale.
NewSoftware Engineer, Backend (Hybrid) Cisco Systems IncSoftware Engineer, Backend (Hybrid)San Jose, CA$125,700–$176,600 / yearFor quota-based incentive pay, Cisco typically pays as follows: 75% of incentive target for each 1% of revenue attainment up to 50% of quota; 1.5% of incentive target for each 1% of attainment between 50% and 75%; 1% of incentive target for each 1% of attainment between 75% and 100%; and. Pioneers in our field, AISP enables Cisco product teams, customers, and partners to maximize value with a simple, unified Cisco AI experience, driving accelerated time to impact.
Principal Engineer, Identity Data Security and Trust Snowflake IncPrincipal Engineer, Identity Data Security and TrustMenlo Park, CA$264,000–$379,500 / yearAS A PRINCIPAL SOFTWARE ENGINEER - IDENTITY, DATA SECURITY AND TRUST AT SNOWFLAKE YOU WILL: Architectural Leadership: Lead the design and implementation of the Data Movement Policy (DMP) framework, ensuring it can handle complex multi-cloud and hybrid environments. You will bridge the gap between high-level security policy and low-level system enforcement, ensuring that our perimeter controls are robust, scalable, and deeply integrated with context-aware access policy frameworks.
Software Engineer - GPU Networking & Distributed Systems BasetenSoftware Engineer - GPU Networking & Distributed SystemsSan Francisco, CaliforniaDeep-Dive into Hardware: You will characterize and validate networking performance on bleeding-edge clusters (H100/H200, B200/B300, GB200/300 NVL72), writing the acceptance tests that ensure our hardware delivers peak achievable throughput and minimal latency. Optimize Distributed Inference: You will implement and tune the networking layers necessary for efficient Disaggregated KV Cache Offload and WideEP , ensuring seamless communication across NVLink and InfiniBand for our MoE models.
Staff Engineer, Analog design Lumentum Operations LLCStaff Engineer, Analog designSan Jose, CADesign and develop advanced analog and mixed-signal circuits, including but not limited to ADCs, DACs, transimpedance amplifiers (TIAs), laser drivers, and various high-speed linear and non-linear circuits for optical modules. Lumentum is seeking a highly skilled and experienced Staff Engineer, Analog Design to contribute to the development of high-performance analog and mixed-signal integrated circuits for optical communication products.
Principal Engineer, Analog Design Lumentum Operations LLCPrincipal Engineer, Analog DesignSan Jose, CALumentum is seeking a highly experienced and technically proficient Principal Engineer, Analog Design to lead the design, development, and validation of complex analog circuits for cutting-edge optical communication products. With our continual goal of making Lumentum a best place to work for our employees, we strive to offer employees competitive total compensation packages, which may include annual bonus, commission for certain sales roles, equity, and health and welfare benefits.
Technology Engineer - Senior (1043) - Security Specialty - Citywide (C00096) City and County of San FranciscoTechnology Engineer - Senior (1043) - Security Specialty - Citywide (C00096)San Francisco, CAThe Technology Engineer series is distinguished from the Technology Analyst/Designer series as the Technology Engineers build, implement, and maintain core technology infrastructure, whereas the Technology Analyst/Designers analyze business needs, designs systems and services, and oversee implementation and ongoing improvement. Education: An associate degree in computer science, computer engineering, information systems, or a closely-related field from an accredited college or university OR its equivalent in terms of total course credits/units [i.e., at least sixty (60) semester or ninety (90) quarter credits/units with a minimum of twenty (20) semester or thirty (30) quarter credits/units in one of the fields above or a closely-related field].Experience:
Field Application Engineer- AI/Datacom Koch IncField Application Engineer- AI/DatacomFremont, CA$150,000–$190,000 / yearField Application Engineer- AI/Datacom - United States - 189362 - Koch. Koch Engineered Solutions.
Platform Engineer StratAcuity Staffing Partners IncPlatform EngineerSan Francisco, CA$80–$90 / hourIn terms of professional development, Everforth Apex hosts an on-demand training program, provides access to certification prep and a library of technical and leadership courses/books/seminars once you have 6+ months of tenure, and certification discounts and other perks to associations that include CompTIA and IIBA. Everforth Apex also offers a HSA (Health Savings Account on the HDHP plan), a SupportLinc Employee Assistance Program (EAP) with up to 8 free counseling sessions, a corporate discount savings program and other discounts.
Principal Engineer, Analog Design Lumentum Inc.Principal Engineer, Analog DesignSan Jose, CALumentum is seeking a highly experienced and technically proficient Principal Engineer, Analog Design to lead the design, development, and validation of complex analog circuits for cutting-edge optical communication products. With our continual goal of making Lumentum a best place to work for our employees, we strive to offer employees competitive total compensation packages, which may include annual bonus, commission for certain sales roles, equity, and health and welfare benefits.
Battery Manufacturing Quality Engineer (Data & Imaging), Smts QuantumScape Corp.Battery Manufacturing Quality Engineer (Data & Imaging), SmtsSan Jose, CA$112,500–$163,200 / yearExperience developing machine learning models such as tree-based models (e.g., decision trees, random forest, XGBoost) or deep learning models (e.g., neural networks, autoencoders) to predict binary or continuous outcomes using large, complex datasets. Build predictive models that identify key features in metrology and microscopy images of cells, separators, and cathodes to predict downstream electrical performance, and propose opportunities to tighten specifications to drive improved product reliability.
Senior Principal Software Applications Engineer MarvellSenior Principal Software Applications EngineerSanta Clara, CAHighlights include an employee stock purchase plan with a 2-year look back, family support programs to help balance work and home life, robust mental health resources to prioritize emotional well-being, and a recognition and service awards to celebrate contributions and milestones. This role is designed for a highly experienced engineer who combines deep technical expertise with strong customer engagement skills and the ability to influence both internal development teams and external partners.
Senior Software Engineer, Cloud Infrastructure Altruist CorpSenior Software Engineer, Cloud InfrastructureSan Francisco, CAAs the industry evolves rapidly with generative AI and agentic workflows, we need engineers who combine deep AWS and Kubernetes expertise with the vision and initiative to define how AI/ML tools and patterns can transform infrastructure operations, developer productivity, and platform resilience. • Architect, deploy, and operate production AWS infrastructure supporting high-availability financial services workloads (EKS, MSK, RDS/Aurora PostgreSQL, OpenSearch, ElastiCache, S3, CloudFront, and more).
Technology Engineer - Principal (1044) - Security Specialty - Citywide (C00100) City and County of San FranciscoTechnology Engineer - Principal (1044) - Security Specialty - Citywide (C00100)San Francisco, CAWhen assigned as a supervisor, develops, coordinates and executes policies, methods and procedures, and supervises personal; when assigned as an expert, performs work requiring a very high level of technical knowledge of a specific area or ability to integrate at a high level the knowledge of several areas (this is not considered to be a part of the normal career path for employees in this series; rather it is reserved for those employees with a mastery of specific technologies or a particular expertise); when assigned as a project leader, manages and provides technical leadership of projects involving large-scale, complex and highly analytical tasks. Education: An associate degree in computer science, computer engineering, information systems, or a closely-related field from an accredited college or university OR its equivalent in terms of total course credits/units [i.e., at least sixty (60) semester or ninety (90) quarter credits/units with a minimum of twenty (20) semester or thirty (30) quarter credits/units in one of the fields above or a closely-related field].Experience:
Senior Quality Engineer Sanmina CorpSenior Quality EngineerFremont, CA$110,000–$140,000 / yearRecognized as a technology leader, Sanmina Corporation provides end-to-end manufacturing solutions, delivering superior quality and support to Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs) primarily in the communications networks, defense and aerospace, industrial and semiconductor systems, medical, multimedia, computing and storage, automotive and clean technology sectors. Provide authoritative guidance about six sigma principles (Sampling, Acceptance Criteria, DOE, Statistical Process Control, Root Cause Analysis, FMEA) as well as guidance on Design Control elements to New Product Introduction (NPI) team members and Repair Staff.
Controls Engineer Southland IndustriesControls EngineerUnion City, CA$100,000–$130,000 / yearThe Controls Engineer is responsible for the design, development and integration of all hardware drawings and software components as required to produce, complete, and fully functional building automation systems for assigned projects. Candidate ownership can only be established after a bona fide work order is issued by a member of the Southland Industries Talent Acquisition team and the candidate is appropriately submitted through our Applicant Tracking System (ATS).
NewRobotics Systems Engineer ATOMSRobotics Systems EngineerSan Francisco, CaliforniaAt more senior levels, this role will include greater ownership of autonomy features, production readiness, system-level validation, release gates, and cross-functional technical leadership. At senior levels, serve as a technical owner for production readiness of major autonomy capabilities or vehicle deployments, including cross-team validation and mentoring other engineers.
Technical Sales Engineer- Hyperscale/AI Applications Koch IncTechnical Sales Engineer- Hyperscale/AI ApplicationsFremont, CA$150,000–$175,000 / yearTechnical Sales Engineer- Hyperscale/AI Applications - United States - 187766 - Koch. Koch Engineered Solutions.
Senior Optical Engineer - Optical Solutions Koch IncSenior Optical Engineer - Optical SolutionsFremont, CA$140,000–$220,000 / yearSenior Optical Engineer - Optical Solutions - United States - 188622 - Koch. Koch Engineered Solutions.
Sr Principal Laser Packaging Engineer Koch IncSr Principal Laser Packaging EngineerFremont, CA$200,000–$260,000 / yearSr Principal Laser Packaging Engineer - California, United States - 188863 - Koch. Koch Engineered Solutions.
Senior Process Engineer -Optoelectronics/ CPO Koch IncSenior Process Engineer -Optoelectronics/ CPOFremont, CA$160,000–$250,000 / yearSenior Process Engineer -Optoelectronics/ CPO - Fremont, California, United States - 190606 - Koch. Koch Engineered Solutions.
Senior Software Engineer - Optical Transceiver Koch IncSenior Software Engineer - Optical TransceiverFremont, CA$140,000–$190,000 / yearSenior Software Engineer - Optical Transceiver - Fremont, California, United States - 188444 - Koch. Koch Engineered Solutions.
NewSenior Infrastructure Security Engineer FiservSenior Infrastructure Security EngineerSunnyvale, CaliforniaAs a Senior Infrastructure Security Engineer at Clover you'll enhance the security posture of our infrastructure, including cloud environments, by implementing and managing cloud, network, and system/OS-level security controls. Join our innovative team as a Senior Infrastructure Security Engineer at Fiserv, Clover, where you'll play a pivotal role in ensuring security of our cutting-edge payment solutions.
Si Photonics Design Engineer Koch IncSi Photonics Design EngineerFremont, CA$150,000–$225,000 / yearSenior Si Photonics Design Engineer - Fremont, California, United States - 187955 - Koch. Koch Engineered Solutions.
Cloud Infrastructure Engineer Alchemy Insights, IncCloud Infrastructure EngineerSan Francisco, CADesign and manage multi-cloud, multi-region network architecture- VPC design, IPAM, DNS (Cloudflare), cross-cloud connectivity, security groups, and edge-proxy/istio gateway configuration. The Infrastructure team provides the infrastructure, tooling, and expertise needed to allow Alchemy engineers to ship, scale, and operate high-quality products in a fast, safe, and cost-efficient manner.
Technology Engineer - (1042) - Systems Specialty - Citywide (C00093) City and County of San FranciscoTechnology Engineer - (1042) - Systems Specialty - Citywide (C00093)San Francisco, CAThe Technology Engineer series is distinguished from the Technology Analyst/Designer series as the Technology Engineers build, implement, and maintain core technology infrastructure, whereas the Technology Analyst/Designers analyze business needs, designs systems and services, and oversee implementation and ongoing improvement. Education: An associate degree in computer science, computer engineering, information systems, or a closely-related field from an accredited college or university OR its equivalent in terms of total course credits/units [i.e., at least sixty (60) semester or ninety (90) quarter credits/units with a minimum of twenty (20) semester or thirty (30) quarter credits/units in one of the fields above or a closely-related field].Experience:
Networking and Realtime Streaming Engineer, Audio & Media Technologies Apple IncNetworking and Realtime Streaming Engineer, Audio & Media TechnologiesCupertino, CABachelor's degree in Computer Science/Engineering, or equivalent In-depth development experience with at least one of the following: C, Objective-C, or C++ Extensive Experience building and optimizing real-time video/audio streaming systems (e.g., SRTP/RTCP, WebRTC,SRT, SFrame, QUIC/HTTP3-based media transport) Strong grasp of network protocols and behavior under variable network conditions (packet loss, jitter, latency,FEC,Duplication,RTXStrong understanding of multithreaded concepts and design patterns. As a Networking and Realtime streaming engineer, you will be responsible for designing and implementing new features around Apples real-time networking stack, and improving the existing core functionality that drives market-leading applications like AirPlay, FaceTime, SharePlay.
Wi-Fi AI/ML Software Engineer, Wireless Technologies & Ecosystems Apple IncWi-Fi AI/ML Software Engineer, Wireless Technologies & EcosystemsCupertino, CAApply AI and machine learning technologies to internal development tools and workflows, creating intelligent systems that improve software quality, accelerate debugging, and enhance engineering productivity. Excellent communication and collaboration skills with proven ability to work effectively across teams and clearly articulate technical concepts to diverse audiences.
Principal RF Payload Lead Engineer SkyloPrincipal RF Payload Lead EngineerMountain View, CA$255,000–$270,000 / yearThe Principal RF Payload Lead owns the complete technical solution-from requirements definition and system architecture through hardware delivery, integration, testing, and mission operations support-of a space-qualified phased-array payload integrated with cellular networks and deployed at constellation scale. Our direct-to-device service is live on millions of activated devices across five continents, covering more than 72 million square kilometers, in partnership with leading satellite operators, mobile network operators, Tier-1 chipset makers, and OEMs worldwide.
Data DevOps Engineer Versa NetworksData DevOps EngineerSanta Clara, CaliforniaAs a leader in Secure SD-WAN, SSE (Secure Service Edge), SASE (Secure Access Service Edge) and Next-generation Managed Services, we are empowering organizations across the globe to transform their IT infrastructure for the modern cloud era. A candidate’s specific pay within this range will depend on a variety of factors, including job-related skills, training, location, experience, relevant education, certifications, and other business and organizational needs.
Senior Software Engineer, Production Engineering Harvey, Inc.Senior Software Engineer, Production EngineeringSan Francisco, CA$161,300–$241,900 / yearOperate and continuously improve Harvey's Kubernetes platform, including cluster provisioning, upgrades, networking, monitoring, reliability, performance, and operational automation. Establish reusable patterns, tooling, and paved paths that help engineering teams ship and operate production services safely.
Staff Infrastructure Engineer LegenceStaff Infrastructure EngineerSan Jose, CA$130,000–$148,000 / yearStaff Infrastructure EngineerOverviewThe IT Infrastructure Engineer is responsible for designing, implementing, maintaining, and supporting core enterprise infrastructure services across on‑premises and cloud environments. Bachelor's degree in Computer Science, Information Technology, or equivalent experience.5-10 years experience in enterprise infrastructure roles covering networking, Windows systems, and/or cloud platforms.
Sr Software Engineer - Dataplane Development Versa NetworksSr Software Engineer - Dataplane DevelopmentSanta Clara, CAAs a leader in Secure SD-WAN, SSE (Secure Service Edge), SASE (Secure Access Service Edge) and Next-generation Managed Services, we are empowering organizations across the globe to transform their IT infrastructure for the modern cloud era. You will be part of an highly-experienced engineering team developing high-performance packet and security service processing capabilities on new compute platforms.
Data Devops Engineer Versa NetworksData Devops EngineerSanta Clara, CA$200,000–$220,000 / yearAs a leader in Secure SD-WAN, SSE (Secure Service Edge), SASE (Secure Access Service Edge) and Next-generation Managed Services, we are empowering organizations across the globe to transform their IT infrastructure for the modern cloud era. A candidate’s specific pay within this range will depend on a variety of factors, including job-related skills, training, location, experience, relevant education, certifications, and other business and organizational needs.
Staff Software Engineer, Production Engineering Harvey, Inc.Staff Software Engineer, Production EngineeringSan Francisco, CA$231,000–$340,000 / yearOperate and continuously improve Harvey's Kubernetes platform, including cluster provisioning, upgrades, networking, monitoring, reliability, performance, and operational automation. Establish reusable patterns, tooling, and paved paths that help engineering teams ship and operate production services safely.
IT Security Engineer (Contract Role) Ryzen SolutionsIT Security Engineer (Contract Role)Foster City, CA$80Zoox is seeking an experienced and skilled Security Engineer to serve as the technical lead for the enterprise implementation, configuration, and ongoing management of Netskope Next-Generation Secure Web Gateway (NG SWG) and Network Private Access (NPA). The ideal candidate brings deep hands-on expertise with Netskope, a strong understanding of zero-trust network access principles, and a proven track record of building effective DLP programs in complex enterprise environments.
Staff Engineer in Test DataDirect Networks IncStaff Engineer in TestSanta Clara, CAWe are seeking a highly skilled and technically strong Staff Engineer in Test to lead system level quality engineering efforts for networking, security and other enterprise readiness aspects of Infinia, DDN's large-scale distributed data platform. You will work across core subsystems-including the I/O path, memory management, networking stack, scheduling layers, multi-tenant services, and NVMe-backed storage.
Sr. Staff HW Engineer - Santa Clara, CA - Hybrid Gigamon IncSr. Staff HW Engineer - Santa Clara, CA - HybridSanta Clara, CA$184,000–$230,000 / yearThis helps our customers to eliminate security blind spots, optimize network traffic, and dramatically reduce tool cost and complexity, enabling them to better secure and manage their hybrid cloud infrastructure. Gigamon has served more than 4,000 customers worldwide, including over 80 percent of Fortune 100 enterprises, 9 of the 10 largest mobile network providers, and hundreds of governments and educational organizations.
Senior IT Systems Engineer - Infrastructure & Automation LeoLabs, Inc.Senior IT Systems Engineer - Infrastructure & AutomationMenlo Park, CAThe right candidate combines deep hands-on systems administration experience with the ability to lead cross-functional projects, manage technical risk, communicate with executives, and deliver measurable improvements in reliability, security, onboarding speed, and support efficiency. The Senior IT Systems Engineer - Infrastructure & Automation will partner with the Head of IT, Security Team, Network Team, SRE, and business stakeholders to modernize endpoint management, collaboration systems, identity workflows, Wi-Fi/NAC, and IT support automation.
Staff Infrastructure Engineer Legence Holdings LLCStaff Infrastructure EngineerSan Jose, CA$130,000–$148,000 / yearThe company specializes in designing, fabricating, and installing complex HVAC, process piping, and other mechanical, electrical, and plumbing (MEP) systems-enhancing energy efficiency, reliability, and sustainability in new and existing facilities. Legence and its affiliates do not accept unsolicited resumes from agencies; any such submissions without a prior signed agreement authorized by Legence Holdings LLCs CHRO or Director of Talent Acquisition will not incur fees and are considered property of Legence.
Senior Software Quality Engineer, Release Testing Corelight IncSenior Software Quality Engineer, Release TestingCANetwork Protocol Deep-Dive: Perform expert-level analysis of network traffic (TCP/IP, HTTP, DNS, SSL/TLS) to design realistic test scenarios that mimic sophisticated production environments. We are leading the way with AI-assisted workflows, machine learning models, cloud security and SaaS-based solutions to arm defenders with the tools and knowledge they need to disrupt cyber attacks.
Staff Engineer In Test DataDirect Networks IncStaff Engineer In TestSanta Clara, CAWe are seeking a highly skilled and technically strong Staff Engineer in Test to lead system level quality engineering efforts for networking, security and other enterprise readiness aspects of Infinia, DDN's large-scale distributed data platform. You will work across core subsystems-including the I/O path, memory management, networking stack, scheduling layers, multi-tenant services, and NVMe-backed storage.