NewQuality Control Inspector Davron LLCQuality Control InspectorOdessa, TX1-3 years of manufacturing quality control required; 3-5 years preferred, with hands-on inspection experience including NDE/NDT, hydro testing, welding, machining, WPS, and pressure vessels. Assist with certain production functions as time permits, including creating name plates, verifying material, and preparing shipments that do not create a conflict of interest with Quality Control.
Technician 1 PLM / Micron (Production, Assembly, Manufacturing) 4 different shifts available AST SpaceMobileTechnician 1 PLM / Micron (Production, Assembly, Manufacturing) 4 different shifts availableMidland, TexasOur engineers and space scientists are on a mission to eliminate the connectivity gaps faced by today’s five billion mobile subscribers and finally bring broadband to the billions who remain unconnected. If you are open to relocating to Midland, this is an opportunity to enter the growing aerospace and advanced manufacturing industry while building valuable long-term career skills.
["Manufacturing Technology Engineer","Manufacturing Technology Engineer"] DuPont de Nemours["Manufacturing Technology Engineer","Manufacturing Technology Engineer"]MidlandExecution Excellence: Consistently delivers results across projects and operations, including successful commercialization, scale-ups, process improvements, and technology implementation. Whether it's providing clean water to more than a billion people on the planet, producing materials that are essential in everyday technology devices from smartphones to electric vehicles, or protecting workers around the world.
Composites Manufacturing Engineer AST SpaceMobileComposites Manufacturing EngineerMidland, TexasThe ideal candidate brings hands-on experience with Toray prepreg materials, CNC routing, bonding preparation, autoclave operations, composite curing, and has supported new facility startups as well as capital equipment specification and sourcing. Our engineers and space scientists are on a mission to eliminate the connectivity gaps faced by today’s five billion mobile subscribers and finally bring broadband to the billions who remain unconnected.
Technician 1 PLM Production, Assembly, Manufacturing 4 different shifts available AST & Science LLCTechnician 1 PLM Production, Assembly, Manufacturing 4 different shifts availableMidland, TXOur engineers and space scientists are on a mission to eliminate the connectivity gaps faced by today's five billion mobile subscribers and finally bring broadband to the billions who remain unconnected. If you are open to relocating to Midland, this is an opportunity to enter the growing aerospace and advanced manufacturing industry while building valuable long-term career skills.
["Composites Manufacturing Engineer","Composites Manufacturing Engineer"] AST SpaceMobile["Composites Manufacturing Engineer","Composites Manufacturing Engineer"]MidlandThe ideal candidate brings hands-on experience with Toray prepreg materials, CNC routing, bonding preparation, autoclave operations, composite curing, and has supported new facility startups as well as capital equipment specification and sourcing. Our engineers and space scientists are on a mission to eliminate the connectivity gaps faced by today's five billion mobile subscribers and finally bring broadband to the billions who remain unconnected.
Manufacturing Engineer NPI & Tooling AST & Science LLCManufacturing Engineer NPI & ToolingMidland, TXThe engineer partners cross-functionally with design, quality, and operations teams to support new product introduction (NPI), improve manufacturability, and scale production capacity in regulated, quality-critical environments. This role drives end-to-end process design, equipment implementation, and continuous improvement initiatives to enable safe, repeatable, and efficient production.
Harness Manufacturing Engineer – LEO Satellite Applications AST SpaceMobileHarness Manufacturing Engineer – LEO Satellite ApplicationsMidland, TexasThe Harness Manufacturing Engineer is responsible for developing, optimizing, and supporting the production of electrical harnesses and cable assemblies for Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite platforms. Our engineers and space scientists are on a mission to eliminate the connectivity gaps faced by today’s five billion mobile subscribers and finally bring broadband to the billions who remain unconnected.
Manufacturing Engineer, Satellite Integration AST SpaceMobileManufacturing Engineer, Satellite IntegrationMidland, TexasSUMMARY: The Satellite Integration Manufacturing Engineer is responsible for planning, developing, and supporting integration and assembly processes for satellite subsystems and full spacecraft. Our engineers and space scientists are on a mission to eliminate the connectivity gaps faced by today’s five billion mobile subscribers and finally bring broadband to the billions who remain unconnected.
Mechanisms Manufacturing Engineer AST SpaceMobileMechanisms Manufacturing EngineerMidland, TexasThe candidate will work hands-on in a dynamic environment, collaborating closely with design, test, and production teams to ensure successful build, qualification, and delivery of space mechanisms and subsystems. Our engineers and space scientists are on a mission to eliminate the connectivity gaps faced by today’s five billion mobile subscribers and finally bring broadband to the billions who remain unconnected.
NetSuite Manufacturing Functional Consultant AST SpaceMobileNetSuite Manufacturing Functional ConsultantMidland, TexasWe are seeking an experienced NetSuite Manufacturing Functional Consultant to support our organization's NetSuite ERP system across various departments, including Finance, Procurement & Purchasing, Manufacturing, MRP, and others. Serve as the primary functional point of contact for NetSuite ERP/CRM across various departments, including Finance, Procurement & Purchasing, Manufacturing, MRP, and others, including post-go-live support.
NetSuite Manufacturing Functional Consultant AST & Science LLCNetSuite Manufacturing Functional ConsultantMidland, TXWe are seeking an experienced NetSuite Manufacturing Functional Consultant to support our organization''s NetSuite ERP system across various departments, including Finance, Procurement & Purchasing, Manufacturing, MRP, and others. Serve as the primary functional point of contact for NetSuite ERP/CRM across various departments, including Finance, Procurement & Purchasing, Manufacturing, MRP, and others, including post-go-live support.
["Manufacturing Engineer, Solid Rocket Motors","Manufacturing Engineer, Solid Rocket Motors"] Castelion["Manufacturing Engineer, Solid Rocket Motors","Manufacturing Engineer, Solid Rocket Motors"]MidlandAs a Manufacturing Engineer, you will work closely with our engineering teams to execute highly technical solid rocket motor builds for our research vehicles, assist in advancing designs, overseeing site maintenance and upgrades, and play a critical role in defining and maturing manufacturing, assembly and integration processes. If the position is so designated, your employment in the role may be contingent upon your ability to obtain and maintain the required U.S. Government security clearance or other government authorization, and to satisfy any citizenship or other eligibility requirements imposed by applicable law, regulation, executive order, or government contract requirements.
["Manufacturing Engineer, Solid Rocket Motors","Manufacturing Engineer, Solid Rocket Motors"] Castelion Corporation["Manufacturing Engineer, Solid Rocket Motors","Manufacturing Engineer, Solid Rocket Motors"]MidlandAs a Manufacturing Engineer, you will work closely with our engineering teams to execute highly technical solid rocket motor builds for our research vehicles, assist in advancing designs, overseeing site maintenance and upgrades, and play a critical role in defining and maturing manufacturing, assembly and integration processes. If the position is so designated, your employment in the role may be contingent upon your ability to obtain and maintain the required U.S. Government security clearance or other government authorization, and to satisfy any citizenship or other eligibility requirements imposed by applicable law, regulation, executive order, or government contract requirements.
Technician 1 PLM / Micron (Production, Assembly, Manufacturing) 4 Different Shifts Available AST Space MobileTechnician 1 PLM / Micron (Production, Assembly, Manufacturing) 4 Different Shifts AvailableMidland, TXOur engineers and space scientists are on a mission to eliminate the connectivity gaps faced by today's five billion mobile subscribers and finally bring broadband to the billions who remain unconnected. If you are open to relocating to Midland, this is an opportunity to enter the growing aerospace and advanced manufacturing industry while building valuable long-term career skills.
Manufacturing Engineer, Propellant Castelion CorporationManufacturing Engineer, PropellantMidland, TexasWe are seeking a Propellant Manufacturing Engineer to lead and execute propellant manufacturing processes for solid rocket motors (SRM) supporting Castelion's hypersonic strike programs, including Blackbeard. Partnering closely with Propulsion Design, Manufacturing, Quality, Automation & Controls, and Test teams, you will ensure propellant processes meet stringent performance, safety, and producibility requirements.
Composites Manufacturing Engineer AST Space MobileComposites Manufacturing EngineerMidland, TXThe ideal candidate brings hands-on experience with Toray prepreg materials, CNC routing, bonding preparation, autoclave operations, composite curing, and has supported new facility startups as well as capital equipment specification and sourcing. Our engineers and space scientists are on a mission to eliminate the connectivity gaps faced by today's five billion mobile subscribers and finally bring broadband to the billions who remain unconnected.
Harness Manufacturing Engineer - LEO Satellite Applications AST Space MobileHarness Manufacturing Engineer - LEO Satellite ApplicationsMidland, TXThe Harness Manufacturing Engineer is responsible for developing, optimizing, and supporting the production of electrical harnesses and cable assemblies for Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite platforms. Our engineers and space scientists are on a mission to eliminate the connectivity gaps faced by today's five billion mobile subscribers and finally bring broadband to the billions who remain unconnected.
Manufacturing Engineer, Satellite Integration AST Space MobileManufacturing Engineer, Satellite IntegrationMidland, TXSUMMARY: The Satellite Integration Manufacturing Engineer is responsible for planning, developing, and supporting integration and assembly processes for satellite subsystems and full spacecraft. Our engineers and space scientists are on a mission to eliminate the connectivity gaps faced by today's five billion mobile subscribers and finally bring broadband to the billions who remain unconnected.
Mechanisms Manufacturing Engineer AST Space MobileMechanisms Manufacturing EngineerMidland, TXThe candidate will work hands-on in a dynamic environment, collaborating closely with design, test, and production teams to ensure successful build, qualification, and delivery of space mechanisms and subsystems. Our engineers and space scientists are on a mission to eliminate the connectivity gaps faced by today's five billion mobile subscribers and finally bring broadband to the billions who remain unconnected.
Manufacturing Engineer Major Assembly AST SpaceMobileManufacturing Engineer Major AssemblyMidland, TexasThis role offers a unique hands-on perspective and direct involvement in the full lifecycle of flight hardware and Mechanical Ground Support Equipment (MGSE) - from design trades and prototyping to testing, production implementation, and quality assurance. Our engineers and space scientists are on a mission to eliminate the connectivity gaps faced by today’s five billion mobile subscribers and finally bring broadband to the billions who remain unconnected.
Netsuite Manufacturing Functional Consultant AST Space MobileNetsuite Manufacturing Functional ConsultantMidland, TXWe are seeking an experienced NetSuite Manufacturing Functional Consultant to support our organization's NetSuite ERP system across various departments, including Finance, Procurement & Purchasing, Manufacturing, MRP, and others. Serve as the primary functional point of contact for NetSuite ERP/CRM across various departments, including Finance, Procurement & Purchasing, Manufacturing, MRP, and others, including post-go-live support.
Manufacturing Engineer Systems Tulip AST & Science LLCManufacturing Engineer Systems TulipMidland, TXThis role offers a unique hands-on perspective and direct involvement in the full lifecycle of flight hardware and Mechanical Ground Support Equipment (MGSE) - from design trades and prototyping to testing, production implementation, and quality assurance. Our engineers and space scientists are on a mission to eliminate the connectivity gaps faced by todays five billion mobile subscribers and finally bring broadband to the billions who remain unconnected.
Manufacturing Engineer Major Assembly AST & Science LLCManufacturing Engineer Major AssemblyMidland, TXThis role offers a unique hands-on perspective and direct involvement in the full lifecycle of flight hardware and Mechanical Ground Support Equipment (MGSE) - from design trades and prototyping to testing, production implementation, and quality assurance. Our engineers and space scientists are on a mission to eliminate the connectivity gaps faced by today's five billion mobile subscribers and finally bring broadband to the billions who remain unconnected.
Manufacturing Engineer Major Assembly AST Space MobileManufacturing Engineer Major AssemblyMidland, TXThis role offers a unique hands-on perspective and direct involvement in the full lifecycle of flight hardware and Mechanical Ground Support Equipment (MGSE) - from design trades and prototyping to testing, production implementation, and quality assurance. Our engineers and space scientists are on a mission to eliminate the connectivity gaps faced by today's five billion mobile subscribers and finally bring broadband to the billions who remain unconnected.
Manufacturing Engineer, Solid Rocket Motors Castelion CorporationManufacturing Engineer, Solid Rocket MotorsMidland, TexasAs a Manufacturing Engineer, you will work closely with our engineering teams to execute highly technical solid rocket motor builds for our research vehicles, assist in advancing designs, overseeing site maintenance and upgrades, and play a critical role in defining and maturing manufacturing, assembly and integration processes. If the position is so designated, your employment in the role may be contingent upon your ability to obtain and maintain the required U.S. Government security clearance or other government authorization, and to satisfy any citizenship or other eligibility requirements imposed by applicable law, regulation, executive order, or government contract requirements.
Associate Manufacturing Engineer AST SpaceMobileAssociate Manufacturing EngineerMidland, TexasOur engineers and space scientists are on a mission to eliminate the connectivity gaps faced by today’s five billion mobile subscribers and finally bring broadband to the billions who remain unconnected. Bachelor’s Degree in Manufacturing Engineering, Industrial Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Aerospace Engineering, or related discipline OR 8 years of equivalent experience.
["Satellite Manufacturing Engineer","Satellite Manufacturing Engineer"] AST SpaceMobile["Satellite Manufacturing Engineer","Satellite Manufacturing Engineer"]MidlandWe are seeking a Manufacturing Engineer to develop, evaluate, and continuously improve manufacturing methods and processes that sustain production of existing products while enabling efficient introduction of new products. Our engineers and space scientists are on a mission to eliminate the connectivity gaps faced by today's five billion mobile subscribers and finally bring broadband to the billions who remain unconnected.
Satellite Manufacturing Engineer AST & Science LLCSatellite Manufacturing EngineerMidland, TXExperience with pFMEA, Lean Manufacturing, and Kaizen events • Experience working in liaison or concurrent engineering environments • Experience with robotic or automated manufacturing equipment • Demonstrated history of process optimization and new process design using Six Sigma principles • Black Belt Six Sigma (DMAIC) certification • Experience with AutoCAD, Inventor, or similar CAD tools • Experience with ERP/MES/PLM systems (e.g., Solumina, NetSuite, Fusion 360). • Strong analytical and problem-solving skills • Effective verbal and written communication • Technical writing capability for procedures and work instructions • Strong organizational and project management skills • Ability to work cross-functionally in a fast-paced production environment • Leadership mindset with continuous improvement focus.
NewTechnical Excellence Manufacturing Engineer AST SpaceMobileTechnical Excellence Manufacturing EngineerMidland, TXThis role is responsible for driving process improvements, optimizing equipment performance, supporting capital projects, and collaborating with cross-functional teams to ensure safe, efficient, and cost-effective manufacturing operations. We are seeking a Manufacturing Engineer to develop, evaluate, and improve manufacturing methods and processes that support both the ongoing production of existing products and the successful introduction of new products.
Associate Flight Assurance Manufacturing Engineer AST SpaceMobileAssociate Flight Assurance Manufacturing EngineerMidland, TexasThe Associate Flight Assurance Engineer will assist in developing, evaluating, and improving mission assurance processes and practices to ensure product reliability, compliance, and quality throughout the lifecycle of space systems and components. Our engineers and space scientists are on a mission to eliminate the connectivity gaps faced by today’s five billion mobile subscribers and finally bring broadband to the billions who remain unconnected.
Manufacturing Specialist (Solid Rocket Motor Production) Castelion CorporationManufacturing Specialist (Solid Rocket Motor Production)Midland, TexasAs a Manufacturing Specialist, you will work closely with our engineering teams to execute highly technical solid rocket motor builds for our research vehicles, assist in advancing designs, and play a critical role in defining and maturing manufacturing, assembly and integration processes. Castelion is bringing a new approach to defense development and production: one that focuses on short, iterative design cycles, rapid testing in development, and modern commercial manufacturing strategies for production at scale.
Satellite Manufacturing Engineer AST SpaceMobileSatellite Manufacturing EngineerMidland, TexasWe are seeking a Manufacturing Engineer to develop, evaluate, and continuously improve manufacturing methods and processes that sustain production of existing products while enabling efficient introduction of new products. Our engineers and space scientists are on a mission to eliminate the connectivity gaps faced by today’s five billion mobile subscribers and finally bring broadband to the billions who remain unconnected.
Manufacturing Engineer (NPI & Tooling) AST SpaceMobileManufacturing Engineer (NPI & Tooling)Midland, TexasThe engineer partners cross-functionally with design, quality, and operations teams to support new product introduction (NPI), improve manufacturability, and scale production capacity in regulated, quality-critical environments. Our engineers and space scientists are on a mission to eliminate the connectivity gaps faced by today’s five billion mobile subscribers and finally bring broadband to the billions who remain unconnected.
Associate Flight Assurance Manufacturing Engineer AST Space MobileAssociate Flight Assurance Manufacturing EngineerMidland, TXThe Associate Flight Assurance Engineer will assist in developing, evaluating, and improving mission assurance processes and practices to ensure product reliability, compliance, and quality throughout the lifecycle of space systems and components. Our engineers and space scientists are on a mission to eliminate the connectivity gaps faced by today's five billion mobile subscribers and finally bring broadband to the billions who remain unconnected.
Satellite Manufacturing Engineer AST Space MobileSatellite Manufacturing EngineerMidland, TXWe are seeking a Manufacturing Engineer to develop, evaluate, and continuously improve manufacturing methods and processes that sustain production of existing products while enabling efficient introduction of new products. Our engineers and space scientists are on a mission to eliminate the connectivity gaps faced by today's five billion mobile subscribers and finally bring broadband to the billions who remain unconnected.
Manufacturing Engineer (Npi & Tooling) AST Space MobileManufacturing Engineer (Npi & Tooling)Midland, TXThe engineer partners cross-functionally with design, quality, and operations teams to support new product introduction (NPI), improve manufacturability, and scale production capacity in regulated, quality-critical environments. Our engineers and space scientists are on a mission to eliminate the connectivity gaps faced by today's five billion mobile subscribers and finally bring broadband to the billions who remain unconnected.
Associate Manufacturing Engineer AST Space MobileAssociate Manufacturing EngineerMidland, TXOur engineers and space scientists are on a mission to eliminate the connectivity gaps faced by today's five billion mobile subscribers and finally bring broadband to the billions who remain unconnected. Bachelor's Degree in Manufacturing Engineering, Industrial Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Aerospace Engineering, or related discipline OR 8 years of equivalent experience.
NewLead Satellite Mechanical Design Engineer AST SpaceMobileLead Satellite Mechanical Design EngineerMidland, TXThis role is responsible for leading the mechanical design of the complete satellite system, including bus structure, equipment accommodation, and payload accommodation, to ensure designs meet performance, mass, volume, power, and reliability requirements for launch and on-orbit environments. Design, develop, model, and test satellite hardware — structures, mechanisms, electronics, and communications systems — with a focus on performance, size, weight, power, and reliability from concept through launch.
Structural Technician Lead Dayshift Mon-Thurs 7:30am-5:30pm El Paso, TX Midland, TX AST & Science LLCStructural Technician Lead Dayshift Mon-Thurs 7:30am-5:30pm El Paso, TX Midland, TXMidland, TXIf you are open to relocating to Midland, this can be a career changing, and life changing, move into the high-tech aerospace world offering a new skill set and job security in a very similar environment that will soon feel like home. Our engineers and space scientists are on a mission to eliminate the connectivity gaps faced by today's five billion mobile subscribers and finally bring broadband to the billions who remain unconnected.
Structural Technician Lead (Dayshift Mon-Thurs 7:30am-5:30pm) (El Paso, TX Midland, TX) AST SpaceMobileStructural Technician Lead (Dayshift Mon-Thurs 7:30am-5:30pm) (El Paso, TX Midland, TX)Midland, TexasIf you are open to relocating to Midland, this can be a career changing, and life changing, move into the high-tech aerospace world offering a new skill set and job security in a very similar environment that will soon feel like home. Our engineers and space scientists are on a mission to eliminate the connectivity gaps faced by today’s five billion mobile subscribers and finally bring broadband to the billions who remain unconnected.
Structural Technician Lead (Dayshift Mon-Thurs 7:30Am-5:30Pm) (El Paso, TX Midland, TX) AST Space MobileStructural Technician Lead (Dayshift Mon-Thurs 7:30Am-5:30Pm) (El Paso, TX Midland, TX)Midland, TXIf you are open to relocating to Midland, this can be a career changing, and life changing, move into the high-tech aerospace world offering a new skill set and job security in a very similar environment that will soon feel like home. Our engineers and space scientists are on a mission to eliminate the connectivity gaps faced by today's five billion mobile subscribers and finally bring broadband to the billions who remain unconnected.
Lead Structures Mechanic AST & Science LLCLead Structures MechanicMidland, TXExperience: 3+ years of experience in aerospace structures assembly, aircraft structures, or precision mechanical assembly Experience installing aerospace fasteners, rivets, and structural hardware Ability to read and interpret engineering drawings, blueprints, and assembly instructions Experience working with aluminum, titanium, stainless steel, and composite materials Familiarity with precision measurement tools such as calipers, micrometers, and torque tools. Technology Stack: • Precision torque tools and calibrated fastener installation equipment • Hand tools, pneumatic tools, and aerospace assembly tooling • Precision measurement instruments (calipers, micrometers, gauges) • Digital work instructions and manufacturing execution systems (MES) • Engineering drawings and CAD-based documentation.
Lead Structures Mechanic AST SpaceMobileLead Structures MechanicMidland, TexasThe ideal candidate is highly detail-oriented, comfortable working from engineering drawings, and experienced with precision assembly in aerospace, aviation, or similarly demanding manufacturing environments. The Structures Mechanic plays a critical role in the fabrication, assembly, and integration of spacecraft structural components used in our large-scale Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites.
Structural Technician Lead- Days: Mon -Thurs Relo Pkg to Midland, TX AST & Science LLCStructural Technician Lead- Days: Mon -Thurs Relo Pkg to Midland, TXMidland, TXIf you are open to relocating to Midland, this can be a career changing, and life changing, move into the high-tech aerospace world offering a new skill set and job security in a very similar environment that will soon feel like home. Our engineers and space scientists are on a mission to eliminate the connectivity gaps faced by today's five billion mobile subscribers and finally bring broadband to the billions who remain unconnected.
Lead Structures Mechanic AST Space MobileLead Structures MechanicMidland, TXThe ideal candidate is highly detail-oriented, comfortable working from engineering drawings, and experienced with precision assembly in aerospace, aviation, or similarly demanding manufacturing environments. The Structures Mechanic plays a critical role in the fabrication, assembly, and integration of spacecraft structural components used in our large-scale Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites.
Lead Spacecraft Mechanisms Engineering Technician AST & Science LLCLead Spacecraft Mechanisms Engineering TechnicianMidland, TXAs AST SpaceMobile ramps production to support multiple satellites per month, we are expanding our Assembly, Integration, and Test (AI&T) team with experienced mechanisms technicians who have previously worked on flight hardware in satellite or launch environments. This role will lead complex build and test operations, mentor junior technicians, and provide valuable feedback to engineering teams to improve hardware designs, processes, and production workflows.
Lead Spacecraft Mechanisms Engineering Technician AST SpaceMobileLead Spacecraft Mechanisms Engineering TechnicianMidland, TexasAs AST SpaceMobile ramps production to support multiple satellites per month, we are expanding our Assembly, Integration, and Test (AI&T) team with experienced mechanisms technicians who have previously worked on flight hardware in satellite or launch environments. This role will lead complex build and test operations, mentor junior technicians, and provide valuable feedback to engineering teams to improve hardware designs, processes, and production workflows.
Lead Spacecraft Mechanisms Engineering Technician AST Space MobileLead Spacecraft Mechanisms Engineering TechnicianMidland, TXAs AST SpaceMobile ramps production to support multiple satellites per month, we are expanding our Assembly, Integration, and Test (AI&T) team with experienced mechanisms technicians who have previously worked on flight hardware in satellite or launch environments. This role will lead complex build and test operations, mentor junior technicians, and provide valuable feedback to engineering teams to improve hardware designs, processes, and production workflows.
Metrology Technician Lead (Dayshift Mon-Thurs 7:30am-5:30pm) (El Paso, TX Midland, TX) AST SpaceMobileMetrology Technician Lead (Dayshift Mon-Thurs 7:30am-5:30pm) (El Paso, TX Midland, TX)Midland, TexasWe are seeking a detail-oriented Metrology Technician Lead to validate critical dimensions on complex satellite assemblies using advanced precision measurement equipment, including Coordinate Measuring Machines (CMM), Laser Trackers, Romer Arms, and 3D Laser Scanning systems. In addition to technical execution, this position serves as a lead for daily metrology operations , supporting workflow coordination, technician assignment, and production prioritization to ensure timely and accurate completion of measurement activities.