Hoffmann Filter CorporationNewElectrical Field Service Engineer Hoffmann Filter CorporationElectrical Field Service EngineerBrighton, MI$70,000–$100,000 / yearHoffmann Filter Corporation, a leading manufacturer of industrial coolant filtration systems, is currently recruiting for an Electrical Field Service Engineer to help our company deliver the top-notch customer service we have staked our reputation on. However, the rising popularity of Hoffmann filters in the United States caused the company to outgrow the facility in only five years, and so in late 1996, Hoffmann Filter moved to Brighton, MI where we are currently headquartered.
MSR technologiesPower System Engineer MSR technologiesPower System EngineerSterling Heights, MIContractorThe Power Systems Team within the System Engineering organization is responsible for the design, development, integration, and validation of advanced electrical power subsystem capabilities for current and next-generation vehicle platforms. The successful candidate will work closely with cross-functional engineering teams, suppliers, and customers to develop innovative power solutions and ensure successful subsystem and vehicle-level performance.
JobotNewConstruction Project Engineer (Multifamily) JobotConstruction Project Engineer (Multifamily)Clinton Township, MI$65,000–$90,000 / yearInformation collected and processed as part of your Jobot candidate profile, and any job applications, resumes, or other information you choose to submit is subject to Jobot's Privacy Policy, as well as the Jobot California Worker Privacy Notice and Jobot Notice Regarding Automated Employment Decision Tools which are available at jobot.com/legal. By applying for this job, you agree to receive calls, AI-generated calls, text messages, or emails from Jobot, and/or its agents and contracted partners.
STS Technical ServicesNewMechanical Engineer STS Technical ServicesMechanical EngineerWarren, MISTS Technical Services is seeking experienced Mechanical Engineers to support product design, development, and analysis initiatives in Warren, Michigan. STS Technical Services is a Top 100 Staffing Firm that partners with leading organizations across aerospace, manufacturing, defense, and industrial sectors.
LeidosSubstation Senior Civil/Structural Engineer LeidosSubstation Senior Civil/Structural EngineerMilford, MIRemote$92,300–$166,850If you received an email purporting to be from Leidos that asks for payment-related information or any other personal information (e.g., about you or your previous employer), and you are concerned about its legitimacy, please make us aware immediately by emailing us at LeidosCareersFraud@leidos.com. Additional factors considered in extending an offer include (but are not limited to) responsibilities of the job, education, experience, knowledge, skills, and abilities, as well as internal equity, alignment with market data, applicable bargaining agreement (if any), or other law.
JouléNewApplication Engineer JouléApplication EngineerMadison Heights, MI$25–$25 / hourPrimary responsibilities are technical leading on developmental and commercialized products by optimization of material application processes, and direct interaction with customers to troubleshoot and solve product and process related problems. System One, and its subsidiaries including Joulé and Mountain Ltd., are leaders in delivering outsourced services and workforce solutions across North America.
Ryder SystemNewFinished Vehicle Analytic Engineer (hybrid schedule) Ryder SystemFinished Vehicle Analytic Engineer (hybrid schedule)Warren, MI$85,000–$95,000Compensation Information : The compensation offered to a candidate may be influenced by a variety of factors, including the candidate’s relevant experience; education, including relevant degrees or certifications; work location; market data/ranges; internal equity; internal salary ranges; etc. Security Notice for Applicants: Ryder will only communicate with an applicant directly from a [@ryder.com] email address and will never conduct an interview online through a chat type forum, messaging app (such as WhatsApp or Telegram), or via an online questionnaire.
Davron LLCApplication Engineer / Project Manager Davron LLCApplication Engineer / Project ManagerLivonia, MIThis is an exciting opportunity to join a growing, innovation-driven organization known for exceptional employee tenure, strong work-life balance, and world-class equipment demonstrations in a new headquarters featuring hobbing, turning, laser, gear grinding, skiving, and measuring technology. APPLICATION ENGINEER | PROJECT MANAGER | MECHANICAL ENGINEER | MACHINE TOOL INDUSTRY | GEAR MANUFACTURING | GEAR GRINDING | AUTOMATION | FANUC ROBOTICS | SOLIDWORKS | AUTOCAD | PROJECT ENGINEERING | TECHNICAL SALES.
OP MobilityINDUSTRIAL AUTOMATION ENGINEER OP MobilityINDUSTRIAL AUTOMATION ENGINEERTroy, MIInnovation-driven since its creation, the Group develops and produces intelligent exterior systems, customized complex modules, lighting systems, clean energy systems and electrification solutions for all mobility companies. Support operations in case of major or new issue on processes/equipment on Vision, PLC (Programmable Logic Controller)/ HMI (Human Machine Interface program) Robotic equipment.
OP MobilityPAINT PROCESS ENGINEER OP MobilityPAINT PROCESS ENGINEERTroy, MIToday, OPmobility develops technological solutions across four areas of expertise: exterior and lighting systems, the integration of complex modules, technologies related to energy storage, hydrogen and electrification, and a division dedicated to the development of embedded software and digital solutions. We are committed to building inclusive teams, promoting diversity and equality, and ensuring that every application is considered fairly - because the future of mobility is built by diverse perspectives, bold ideas, and people who dare to move forward.
OP MobilityNewSITE IT OPERATIONS ENGINEER OP MobilitySITE IT OPERATIONS ENGINEERTroy, MIToday, OPmobility develops technological solutions across four areas of expertise: exterior and lighting systems, the integration of complex modules, technologies related to energy storage, hydrogen and electrification, and a division dedicated to the development of embedded software and digital solutions. We are committed to building inclusive teams, promoting diversity and equality, and ensuring that every application is considered fairly - because the future of mobility is built by diverse perspectives, bold ideas, and people who dare to move forward.
JobotNewCNC Service Technician JobotCNC Service TechnicianDetroit, MI$38–$45 / hourInformation collected and processed as part of your Jobot candidate profile, and any job applications, resumes, or other information you choose to submit is subject to Jobot's Privacy Policy, as well as the Jobot California Worker Privacy Notice and Jobot Notice Regarding Automated Employment Decision Tools which are available at jobot.com/legal. We are a global manufacturing technology organization known for solving complex machining challenges through strong teamwork, deep technical expertise, and fully integrated, customer‑focused solutions.
DCS CorporationNewSystem Engineer DCS CorporationSystem EngineerSterling Heights, MIThe Systems Engineer will work closely with U.S. Army customers and cross-functional engineering teams to translate operational needs into clear technical requirements, support system design and integration activities, and ensure technical solutions meet program objectives. This position requires strong communication skills, disciplined engineering judgment, and the ability to coordinate across software, hardware, test, and program management teams in a fast-paced defense engineering environment.
DCS CorporationVehicle Electronics Architecture Engineer DCS CorporationVehicle Electronics Architecture EngineerSterling Heights, MIServes as a senior Vehicle Electronics and Architecture (VEA) Engineer responsible for conducting, monitoring, directing and coordinating research, design, development, integration, and engineering activities on military ground vehicle electrical power systems and electronic architectures. Bachelor’s degree in Computer Engineering, Computer Science or Electrical Engineering plus a minimum of 8 years of experience with networked systems engineering.
DCS CorporationNewSystem Security Engineer (SSE) DCS CorporationSystem Security Engineer (SSE)Sterling Heights, MISSE will assist in conducting trade-off analyses and will integrate contributions from system security engineering disciplines such as anti-tamper, cybersecurity, exportability features, hardware assurance, software assurance, supply chain risk management, and security specialties (personnel security, industrial security, physical security, etc.). Assist in conducting trade-off analyses and will integrate contributions from system security engineering disciplines such as anti-tamper, cybersecurity, exportability features, hardware assurance, software assurance, supply chain risk management; and security specialties (personnel security, industrial security, physical security, etc.).
LeidosLead Transmission Line Engineer LeidosLead Transmission Line EngineerWalled Lake, MI$92,300–$166,850Leidos seeks the best and the brightest, and in return, we invest in you, with an eye on your future, through career advancement, growth opportunities, and continuous improvement via mentoring, formal and informal project management training and assistance with obtaining pertinent certifications. The successful candidate will serve as a Lead Engineer and Technical Project Manager on high voltage electric transmission line design projects of overhead and underground systems for some of the largest utilities in the country as well as regional utilities.
DCS CorporationComputer Engineer DCS CorporationComputer EngineerSterling Heights, MIAs an experienced Software Engineer, you will work alongside our U.S. Army Software Engineering Center customer, applying your knowledge and skills by providing technical engineering services that support the development of software requirements, architecture, design, code and test for the MRAP Program. This is an opportunity to join a fast paced program with DCS Corp’s U.S. Army Combat Capabilities Development Command - Ground Vehicle Systems Center engineering group located in Sterling Heights, MI.
LeidosSenior Transmission Line Engineer LeidosSenior Transmission Line EngineerDearborn, MIRemote$73,450–$132,775If you received an email purporting to be from Leidos that asks for payment-related information or any other personal information (e.g., about you or your previous employer), and you are concerned about its legitimacy, please make us aware immediately by emailing us at LeidosCareersFraud@leidos.com. Leidos seeks the best and the brightest, and in return, we invest in you, with an eye on your future, through career advancement, growth opportunities, and continuous improvement via mentoring, formal and informal project management training and assistance with obtaining pertinent certifications.
LeidosSenior Civil/Structural Engineer LeidosSenior Civil/Structural EngineerDetroit, MI$73,450–$132,775We are seeking a Licensed Senior Civil/Structural Engineer with 5+ years of experience within the utility industry working directly for a utility or consulting company, doing design engineering and reviews. If you received an email purporting to be from Leidos that asks for payment-related information or any other personal information (e.g., about you or your previous employer), and you are concerned about its legitimacy, please make us aware immediately by emailing us at LeidosCareersFraud@leidos.com.
DCS CorporationNewC5ISR Engineer DCS CorporationC5ISR EngineerSterling Heights, MIWork with various project management offices (vehicle platform offices and C5ISR system offices) in order to evaluate and synchronize program acquisition schedules, integration costs and other requirements pertaining to Army and/or Marine Corps network development. Assist in ensuring end-to-end program integration of the communications network to include interoperability testing and certification, safety confirmation, test, kit procurement and logistics integration.
HTC Global Services IncNewFull Stack Software Engineer HTC Global Services IncFull Stack Software EngineerDearborn, MIFull timeWe are seeking a Full Stack Software Engineer responsible for designing, developing, testing, and maintaining software applications and products that meet customer needs. This role participates in the full software development lifecycle, including software architecture design, development, testing, deployment, performance optimization, and continuous improvement of software solutions.
DCS CorporationSenior Systems Engineer DCS CorporationSenior Systems EngineerSterling Heights, MISystems Integration Leadership: Oversee and advise on assigned modernization efforts, including the integration of: Advanced command and control software and networking systems. This role directly supports the integration and modernization of advanced vehicle systems, including electronic warfare, communications, and next-generation command and control technologies.
Aminov Search PartnersSenior Mechanical/Design Engineer Aminov Search PartnersSenior Mechanical/Design EngineerRomeo, MI$98,000–$98,000 / yearResponsibilities include preparing cost and lead-time estimates, managing projects not developed in-house, and ensuring the successful creation, installation, and repair of tooling and equipment. This position involves developing mechanical solutions and designing tooling to meet client specifications, with a focus on user value, functionality, timing, and cost-effectiveness.
AxelonChief Engineer AxelonChief EngineerNew Hudson, MIExpertise in specific areas such as Weapon Systems, Combat Vehicle Engineering, Fire Control Systems, Turrets and Ammo Handling Systems, Virtual Environments and Battlefield Systems, Defense AI and Software. Work Mode: 100% onsite strongly preferred due to the type of work performed and projects worked on.
Gables Search GroupSenior Mechanical/Design Engineer Gables Search GroupSenior Mechanical/Design EngineerRomeo, MIQuote to also include the expected material yield, the number of technicians required for the operation and the establishment of the rate at which parts can be produced. Manage and direct outside design/build sources in cases where projects cannot be fully designed or built internally.
HTC Global Services IncGCP Platform Engineer HTC Global Services IncGCP Platform EngineerDearborn, MIFull timeThe ideal candidate will bring strong technical depth in cloud platforms and modern software engineering, along with the ability to work across design, development, deployment, testing, integration, and continuous improvement in a fast-paced environment. We are seeking a highly motivated, technology-focused individual to join a collaborative software delivery team supporting the creation and management of platforms and APIs deployed across the mobility ecosystem.
Greenlight Professional ServicesMechanical Product Design Engineer Greenlight Professional ServicesMechanical Product Design EngineerRochester, MI$50–$53 / hourFull timeThis role involves mechanical product design, testing, manufacturing support, and collaboration with cross-functional engineering teams in a hands-on development environment. We are seeking a Product Design Engineer to support the development of new products and product improvements within the automotive service tools industry.
Greenlight Professional ServicesMechanical Designer Engineer Greenlight Professional ServicesMechanical Designer EngineerRochester Hills, MI$50–$55 / hourTemporaryContractorFull timeWork with manufacturing and service personnel to resolve problems and improve manufacturability and serviceability of products. Provide mechanical design and development of new products or product enhancements for the automotive service tools industry.
Activ8Field Service Engineer (34309) Activ8Field Service Engineer (34309)Detroit, MI$80,000–$90,000 / yearFull timeAn international industrial machinery manufacturer in the Novi, MI area is seeking a Field Service Engineer who is responsible for the installation and troubleshooting of machinery at customer sites.
Diedre Moire Corp.Service Engineer Blow Molding Machinery - Southfield, MI Diedre Moire Corp.Service Engineer Blow Molding Machinery - Southfield, MISouthfield, MI$80,000–$140,000 / yearFull timeCONSIDERED EXPERIENCE INCLUDES: Field Service Mechanic Tech Maintenance Technician Engineer Install Repair Calibrate Maintain Extrusion Blow Molding Injection Blow Molding or Injection Stretch Blow Molding Equipment Extruders Injection Molder Blow Molders Screw Plasticizers Screw Rotating Motors Guide Rails Moving Platens Heater Bands Hydraulic Pumping Systems Pneumatic systems Die Heads Dies Molds Mold Clamps Cold and Hot Cutters Blow Pins Control Panels Instrumentation Motion Controllers Motors Actuators Sensors Pumps Valves Gearboxes Cooling Fans Heating Bands #DiedreMoire #JobSearch #JobHunt #JobOpening #Hiring #Job #Jobs #Careers #Employment #jobposting #fieldservicejobs #technicianjobs #MaintenanceMechanicJobs #PlasticJobs #BlowMoldingJobs. Field Service Mechanic Tech Maintenance Technician Engineer Install Repair Calibrate Maintain Extrusion Blow Molding Injection Blow Molding or Injection Stretch Blow Molding Equipment Extruders Injection Molder Blow Molders Screw Plasticizers Screw Rotating Motors Guide Rails Moving Platens Heater Bands Hydraulic Pumping Systems Pneumatic systems Die Heads Dies Molds Mold Clamps Cold and Hot Cutters Blow Pins Control Panels Instrumentation Motion Controllers Motors Actuators Sensors Pumps Valves Gearboxes Cooling Fans Heating Bands _.
Company ConfidentialNaval Architecture Engineer (Naval Architect 3) - 28044 Company ConfidentialNaval Architecture Engineer (Naval Architect 3) - 28044Warren, MI$86,522–$115,000Full timeOur workforce includes skilled tradespeople; artificial intelligence, machine learning (AI/ML) experts; engineers; technologists; scientists; logistics experts; and business administration professionals. Our capabilities range from C5ISR, AI and Big Data, cyber operations and synthetic training environments to fleet sustainment, environmental remediation and the largest family of unmanned underwater vehicles in every class.
Hutchinson Precision Sealing Systems, Inc.NewApplication Engineer-Automotive & Non-Automotive Hutchinson Precision Sealing Systems, Inc.Application Engineer-Automotive & Non-AutomotiveAuburn Hills, MIFull timeHutchinson Precision Sealing Systems, Inc. in Auburn Hills, MI seeks Application Engineer-Automotive & Non-Automotive to develop technical solutions & information on sealing product application to customers & provide technical support to internal departments. Req BA in Engineering (Mechanical, Industrial, & Material) & 1 yr direct exp in Precision Rubber Sealing product development.
General Motors CoData Engineer - Customer Experience General Motors CoData Engineer - Customer ExperienceWarren, MIDUTIES: Design, develop and refine performance metrics and advisor service metrics for OnStar Blue Button IVA project, Turn-By-Turn, and Onstar Destination Download and Unlocks to meet and maintain SLAs for internal and external customers. REQUIREMENTS: Bachelor's degree in Computer Science, Computer Engineering, Electrical Engineering, or related field of study and Three (3) years of experience as a Software Engineer, Data Developer, or related role.
GMData Engineer - Customer Experience GMData Engineer - Customer ExperienceWarren, MichiganDUTIES: Design, develop and refine performance metrics and advisor service metrics for OnStar Blue Button IVA project, Turn-By-Turn, and Onstar Destination Download and Unlocks to meet and maintain SLAs for internal and external customers. REQUIREMENTS: Bachelor’s degree in Computer Science, Computer Engineering, Electrical Engineering, or related field of study and Three (3) years of experience as a Software Engineer, Data Developer, or related role.
Ford Motor CoCustomer Identity Platform Engineer Ford Motor CoCustomer Identity Platform Engineerdearborn, MIThe successful candidate will work closely with other Ford teams (business teams, cyber security, applications teams, other technical teams) and our partners to ensure Azure AD B2C is providing the secure, premium customer experience required to deliver the Ford focus areas. This position requires an individual with a continuous improvement mindset who is driven by the pursuit of operational excellence with the fortitude to build technical prowess to navigate the Azure AD B2C ecosystem, networking, security compliance, and software development.
Vertiv Group Corp.Customer Engineer - Detroit, MI Vertiv Group Corp.Customer Engineer - Detroit, MIDetroit, MIPERFORMANCE: • Maximize productivity by combining service opportunities • Complete all technical and administrative work in an efficient and timely manner • Capable of making technical and commercial decisions under pressure • Properly evaluate site and equipment for appropriate billing status • Maintain productive utilization rate per company guidelines • Perform inventory cycle counts per company guidelines • Adhere to company dress code and safety regulations • Meet or exceed on-site response time requirements for each customer • Understand and comply with company startup/escalation processes and procedures • Maintain proper and adequate level of internal communications. SAFETY: • Operate in a safe manner in accordance with published safety guidelines • Maintain and operate company vehicle in accordance with local laws and company policy • Must wear appropriate PPE as per company guidelines and accordance with job duties • Adhere to work hours policy guidelines - "14 hours rule" • Complete required Vertiv safety training assignments on time • Adhere to on-site Customer safety requirements when applicable • Report all work-related accidents or injuries within 24 hours to the appropriate personnel.
Cadence Design Systems IncPrincipal Customer Service Engineer Cadence Design Systems IncPrincipal Customer Service EngineerLivonia, MI$92,400–$171,600 / yearCadences Physical Systems Design & Analysis group is seeking a Principal Customer Service Engineer (Principal CSE) to support our Finite Element Analysis (FEA) and Virtual Manufacturing & Costing (VMC) team. This role is ideal for an experienced simulation engineer who enjoys solving complex customer problems, leading technical engagements, and contributing to both project delivery and presales activities.
Worldwide TechServices OpenCustomer Service Engineer Worldwide TechServices OpenCustomer Service EngineerSouthfield, MichiganPerforms basic and moderately complex troubleshooting and repair activities, typically associated in an end-user environment, including but not limited to PC’s, desktops, laptops, tablets and printers. The Customer Service Engineer - is an intermediate position that performs tasks related to the repair of a variety of technology-based products typically associated in an end-user computing environment.
Wayve Technologies LtdCustomer Integration Engineer Wayve Technologies LtdCustomer Integration EngineerDetroit, MIAt Wayve we want the best of all worlds so we operate a hybrid working policy that combines time together in our offices and workshops to fuel innovation, culture, relationships and learning, and time spent working from home. You will ensure that customers receive responsive, high-quality technical support and work closely with both our clients and internal engineering teams to ensure seamless integration of our technology into their vehicles.
ElringKlingerCustomer Quality Engineer Specialty Gaskets ElringKlingerCustomer Quality Engineer Specialty GasketsSouthfield, MichiganResponsible for monitoring the 8D reports in the customer portals (report on problems solved and cancellation of rejected complaints), and initiating the relevant measures to obtain final agreement on the 8D reports. access to customer warranty portals), and requesting special warranty parts if required, in order to optimise the drafting of contracts with customers.
Magna International, IncWarranty & Customer Liaison Engineer (Electrical/Controls) Magna International, IncWarranty & Customer Liaison Engineer (Electrical/Controls)Troy, MichiganThe Electrical Warranty & Customer Liaison Engineer is the primary technical authority for field performance issues related to transmission control systems and electronic components. 8D Leadership: Drive technical investigations for electrical "Non-Conformance" using Fishbone and 5-Why tools, focusing on PCB defects, solder integrity, or component latch-up.
Magna International, IncWarranty & Customer Liaison Engineer (Mechanical) Magna International, IncWarranty & Customer Liaison Engineer (Mechanical)Troy, MichiganFailure Investigation: Perform detailed teardowns of returned Driveline units (Transfer Case, Rear Drive Units) to identify mechanical, hydraulic, or electrical failure modes. Technical Presentations: Prepare and lead "Top Issue" reviews, presenting complex engineering findings to customer stakeholders with clarity and confidence.
Cisco Systems IncNewCustomer Relibility Engineer - Isovalent Cisco Systems IncCustomer Relibility Engineer - IsovalentAnn Arbor, MIRemote$158,200–$200,700 / yearFor quota-based incentive pay, Cisco typically pays as follows: 75% of incentive target for each 1% of revenue attainment up to 50% of quota; 1.5% of incentive target for each 1% of attainment between 50% and 75%; 1% of incentive target for each 1% of attainment between 75% and 100%; and. Cisco Isovalent builds open-source software and enterprise solutions solving networking, security, and observability needs for modern cloud native infrastructure.
Andritz AGField Service Engineer II Andritz AGField Service Engineer IICanton, MIField Service Engineer II (full-time; single position) ANDRITZ Schuler Incorporated seeks a Field Service Engineer II in Canton, MI to assist customers with on-site troubleshooting and repair of existing ANDRITZ Schuler equipment or the assembly and startup of new ANDRITZ Schuler presses, as well as customer training. In lieu of a Bachelor's Degree (or foreign equivalent), we will accept a Bachelor's Degree earned through any suitable combination of education, training, &/or experience, as determined by a professional evaluation service.
Customer Service AssociatesField Service Engineer I - Philips FCO Customer Service AssociatesField Service Engineer I - Philips FCODetroit, MIThis intermediate-level field position is responsible for testing, calibration, verification, preventative maintenance, installation and repair services on a variety of equipment including; laboratory instrumentation, medical testing devices, kiosk equipment, power three-phase high voltage UPS and distribution equipment and/or other EMSAR and client equipment. EMSAR's portfolio of services includes: • On-site technical field support, including maintenance & repair • FDA field change orders ("recalls") • Bench repair and remanufacturing • Installation • Call center • Contract manufacturing and logistics • FDA compliance and validation • Project management • Training and education.
CaptiveAire SystemsTechnical Sales and Field Service Engineer CaptiveAire SystemsTechnical Sales and Field Service EngineerFarmington Hills, MIPrimary Job Responsibilities: Provide integrated application engineering and design support for a wide range of ventilation applications with the goal of providing sustainable products and the latest technologies best designed to meet the customers' needs. Strong commitment to the development of our employees, including continuous education opportunities like sponsorship for Professional Engineering license and continuous education through weekly webinars and company developed technical videos .
Electro Optical SystemsField Service Engineer, Northeast Electro Optical SystemsField Service Engineer, NortheastNovi, MichiganYou will manage all on-site installation, repair, maintenance, diagnosing technical problems, and determining proper solutions in order to achieve outstanding customer satisfaction. We work globally networked and prefer to think outside the box – and we’re looking for people who want to shape the future with us.
Electro Optical SystemsField Service Engineer Electro Optical SystemsField Service EngineerNovi, Michigan
Electro Optical SystemsField Service Engineer, Northeast Region Electro Optical SystemsField Service Engineer, Northeast RegionNovi, MichiganYou will manage all on-site installation, repair, maintenance, diagnosing technical problems, and determining proper solutions in order to achieve outstanding customer satisfaction. Location: Londonderry, New Hampshire We are looking for an experienced, energetic and motivated Field Service Engineer to join our team.
Rep-LiteField Service Technician / Engineer (Medical Device) - 61 Rep-LiteField Service Technician / Engineer (Medical Device) - 61Detroit, MichiganRep-Lite is hiring an experienced Field Service Technician / Field Service Engineer to support hospitals and surgical centers across the United States with a base in Detroit, Michigan. If you’re a hands-on Field Service Tech/Engineer with true medical device repair experience - this is your chance to step into a high-impact, career-building role.