Space System Payload Engineer - Level 4 LV8D Solutions LLCSpace System Payload Engineer - Level 4Chantilly, VirginiaThe Space System Payload Engineer will support the design, integration, testing, characterization, calibration, validation, and operation of space payload systems across government, commercial, and defense space programs, with a focus on EO/IR sensors, imaging payloads, scientific instrumentation, and associated mission systems. Responsibilities include supporting initialization and on-orbit calibration and validation activities; coordinating proposed requirements changes, mission analysis, and acquisition teams; attending segment-level design reviews and program management reviews to assess design maturity, requirements compliance, and technical risk; and reviewing acquisition milestone documentation for adequacy, accuracy, and completeness.
Process Engineer II (238) 5/26 GRN DublinProcess Engineer II (238) 5/26Petersburg, VirginiaThe essential functions include, but are not limited to the following: · Support the execution of the Commissioning, Qualification, and Validation activities for our new Vial Filling system (e.g., washing/depyrogenation, aseptic filling, isolator/VPHP, glove integrity testers, environmental monitoring systems), including SAT, IQ/OQ, PQ, and Aseptic Process Simulation. · Management of Equipment Vendors, including project execution, on-site maintenance and calibration visits, vendor-supplied training of operation and maintenance staff, management of continuous improvement projects, and spare parts criticality assessments.
Electronics Engineer - High Speed PCB & Mixed-Signal Design Workplace Modular Systems LLCElectronics Engineer - High Speed PCB & Mixed-Signal DesignSterling, VAThis role blends precision analog design, embedded systems development, and high-speed PCB expertise to ensure signal integrity, low-noise performance, and manufacturability. You'll contribute across the full hardware development lifecycle; from schematic capture and high-speed PCB layout to validation, calibration, and manufacturing transition.
Process Engineer II (238) Civica IncProcess Engineer II (238)Petersburg, VAsingle-use mixers and stainless steel formulation vessels, parts washers, autoclaves, component processors, aseptic filling equipment - vials, pre-filled syringes, and cartridges - isolators with VPHP decontamination, filter integrity and isolator glove integrity testers). CivicaScript works with trusted manufacturing partners to develop quality generic medicines and has forged partnerships with like-minded payors, pharmacy benefit managers and pharmacies to enable significant cost savings to be passed along to their customers.
Commissioning Field Service Engineer Veolia Environnement SACommissioning Field Service EngineerNorfolk, VA$40–$46 / hourThe Field Service Engineer will be responsible for managing all aspects of water treatment plant commissioning, installation, and optimization, serving as a key interface between design engineering, construction teams, control systems, and customers. Specializing in water, energy, and waste management, Veolia Group designs and implements innovative solutions for decarbonization, depollution, and resource regeneration, supporting communities and industries in their ecological transformation.
Senior Software Engineer Applied AI Advanced Monitored Caregiving Inc.Senior Software Engineer Applied AIRICHMOND, VAWe build and operate production AI voice agents that hold real phone conversations in a regulated healthcare setting, plus the machine learning and LLM pipelines around them. This is one seat that spans four disciplines that rarely come together: real-time systems, LLM engineering, traditional machine learning, and serious cloud infrastructure , all in production, all with real consequences.
Substation Commissioning Engineer - East Region Black & Veatch Holding CoSubstation Commissioning Engineer - East RegionVAVerification that Transmission Substation Equipment is commissioned in compliance with project contract and specification requirements, conforms to design operational feasibility, and is set up and tested per the supplier's requirements, within the engineer's discipline capacity. Functions in our group include safety, project field management, construction management, quality control, start up and decommissioning and field engineering.
Digital Pathology Field Service Engineer TD SYNNEX CorpDigital Pathology Field Service EngineerRichmond, VAWe are looking for highly skilled and customer-focused Field Service Engineers to support our cutting-edge digital pathology systems in clinical environments. Connect with Your Community: Participate in internal, peer-led inclusive communities and activities, including business resource groups, local volunteering events, and more environmental and social initiatives.
Electrical Engineer II (Embedded Systems) Thorlabs IncElectrical Engineer II (Embedded Systems)Sterling, VAThe Electrical/Embedded Engineer II will contribute to the successful transition of new products from concept to production and will occasionally participate in technical discussions with customers, sales, field service personnel, suppliers, and manufacturing teams. The ideal candidate will bridge the gap between hardware design and low-level embedded software, owning electronic modules from initial architecture, circuit design, prototyping, validation, and production release through manufacturing support.
Automation Engineer Phlow CorpAutomation EngineerPetersburg, VAWe are seeking a highly skilled and experienced Automation Engineer to join our pharmaceutical manufacturing plant and help create the future of how medicines are made and accomplish a mission to help brilliant minds bring medicines to life through advanced development and manufacturing in America. Preventive Maintenance: Perform scheduled preventive maintenance on all automation systems including production machines, HVAC systems, and logic controllers, to ensure they operate efficiently and effectively.
Plant Maintenance Engineer Phlow CorpPlant Maintenance EngineerPetersburg, VAPreventive Maintenance: Create and oversee scheduled preventive maintenance on manufacturing equipment, including machines such as: reactors, dryers, vacuum systems, boilers, chillers, air handlers, generators, pumps, and more. Candidate will handle maintenance routine adherence, troubleshooting failures, ensuring equipment uptime, supporting technicians, root cause investigations, and more across mechanical and electrical systems.
Engineer II, Validation Thermo Fisher Scientific IncEngineer II, ValidationVAallowed, Cold Room/Freezers -22degreesF/-6degrees C, Laboratory Setting, Loud Noises (Equipment/Machinery), Office, Some degree of PPE (Personal Protective Equipment) required (safety glasses, gowning, gloves, lab coat, ear plugs etc.), Standing for full shift, Warehouse, Will work with hazardous/toxic materials. DESCRIPTION: Thermo Fisher Scientific's Clinical Diagnostic Reagents (CDR) group is seeking a Validation Engineer to support planning and execution of validation activities for clinical diagnostic reagent manufacturing within a cGMP, FDA, and ISO 13485 regulated environment.
Project Engineer AVI-SPL BrandProject EngineerHenrico, VirginiaIdentify special requirements for project, including but not limited to: test equipment, specialized tools, rigging support. Review field and shop red-line drawings, revise shop drawings to “as-built’ status for submission to CAD department.
Controls Engineer Actalent IncControls EngineerTysons, VA$125,000–$187,000 / yearWe are proud to be an Engineering News-Record (ENR) Top 500 Design Firm for our engineering design services and a ClearlyRated Best of Staffing winner for both client and talent service. Exposure to or proficiency with multiple vendor ecosystems, including but not limited to Aspen, Siemens, ABB, General Electric, Schneider Electric, OSIsoft, Honeywell, Oracle, Eaton, PcVue, and Inductive Ignition.
Solutions Engineer - New Products Maxar Technologies Inc (Inactive)Solutions Engineer - New ProductsHerndon, VA$109,000–$145,000 / yearBased in Herndon, VA, this role is focused on advancing Raptor product software by providing direct development contributions as well as working with external customers and Vantor Go-To-Market (GTM) Engineering teams to characterize product performance in the field and capture requirements for product improvements. Communicate and collaborate across product, engineering, and GTM/sales teams to define and validate interfaces and data flows between Raptor products and OEM systems.
Solutions Engineer - New Products VantorSolutions Engineer - New ProductsHerndon, VirginiaBased in Herndon, VA, this role is focused on advancing Raptor product software by providing direct development contributions as well as working with external customers and Vantor Go-To-Market (GTM) Engineering teams to characterize product performance in the field and capture requirements for product improvements. Communicate and collaborate across product, engineering, and GTM/sales teams to define and validate interfaces and data flows between Raptor products and OEM systems.
Manufacturing Engineer General Dynamics Mission Systems, IncManufacturing EngineerMarion, VirginiaCompany Overview: General Dynamics Mission Systems (GDMS) engineers a diverse portfolio of high technology solutions, products and services that enable customers to successfully execute missions across all domains of operation. We will rely on your knowledge and skills to develop, implement and maintain methods, operation sequence and processes in the manufacturing or fabrication of parts, components, sub-assemblies and final assemblies.
Audiovisual Systems Engineer Geospatial And Cloud AnalyticsAudiovisual Systems EngineerQua, VirginiaGCA is a minority veteran owned small business providing solutions to customer requirements in every realm of the intelligence and information technology industries to include, imagery/intelligence analysis, related systems engineering and administration, operations and maintenance, networking and VTC services. Provide technical opinions and supporting documentation regarding technology updates, expansions, and modifications to existing and new AV systems located in classrooms, conference rooms, and Auditoriums.
Manufacturing Engineer General Dynamics CorpManufacturing EngineerMarion, VAGeneral Dynamics Mission Systems (GDMS) engineers a diverse portfolio of high technology solutions, products and services that enable customers to successfully execute missions across all domains of operation. We will rely on your knowledge and skills to develop, implement and maintain methods, operation sequence and processes in the manufacturing or fabrication of parts, components, sub-assemblies and final assemblies.
Senior Automation Systems Engineer, NA Vantage Data Centers Management Co LLCSenior Automation Systems Engineer, NASterling, VADeveloping and operating across North America, EMEA and Asia Pacific, Vantage has evolved data center design in innovative ways to deliver dramatic gains in reliability, efficiency and sustainability in flexible environments that can scale as quickly as the market demands. While performing the duties of this job, the employee is occasionally required to stand; walk; sit; use hands to handle, or feel objects; reach with hands and arms; climb stairs; balance; stoop or kneel; talk and hear.
Space Systems Engineer Science Applications International CorpSpace Systems EngineerChantilly, VAJob responsibilities include, but are not limited to: Coordinate readiness reviews and evaluate acquisition milestone design documentation for adequacy, accuracy and completeness, and identify cost, schedule and technical risks/opportunities, provide mitigation strategies through formal and informal comments, and determine readiness to proceed to the next program phase. Our robust portfolio of offerings across the defense, space, civilian, and intelligence markets includes secure high-end solutions in mission IT, enterprise IT, engineering services, and professional services.
Tire Test Engineer Technician Commonwealth of VirginiaTire Test Engineer TechnicianDanville, VASteel-toe shoes are required by OSHA in workplaces with hazards like falling/rolling heavy objects, sharp objects piercing the sole, electrical shock risks, or exposure to crushing/corrosive substances, common in construction, warehouses, and manufacturing, to protect feet from impact and compression. The Tire Test Engineering Technician is responsible for planning, executing, and validating advanced tire force-and-moment evaluations using Global Center for Automotive Performance Simulation (GCAPS) globally exclusive Flat Trac LTRe system and Static Fixture.
Tire Test Engineer Technician Virginia TechTire Test Engineer TechnicianDanville, VirginiaSteel-toe shoes are required by OSHA in workplaces with hazards like falling/rolling heavy objects, sharp objects piercing the sole, electrical shock risks, or exposure to crushing/corrosive substances, common in construction, warehouses, and manufacturing, to protect feet from impact and compression. The Tire Test Engineering Technician is responsible for planning, executing, and validating advanced tire force-and-moment evaluations using Global Center for Automotive Performance Simulation (GCAPS) globally exclusive Flat Trac LTRe system and Static Fixture.
Medical Imaging Field Engineer - AT/XP - Charlottesville, VA Varian Medical Systems IncMedical Imaging Field Engineer - AT/XP - Charlottesville, VACharlottesville, VA$67,550–$92,884 / yearIt is Siemens Healthineers' policy to comply fully and completely with all United States export control laws and regulations, including those implemented by the Department of Commerce through the Export Administration Regulations (EAR), by the Department of State through the International Traffic in Arms Regulations (ITAR), and by the Treasury Department through the Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC) sanctions regulations.". These requirements vary by client and may include, but are not limited to: Proof of valid identification (photo, driver's license, SSN) Criminal background checks Drug screens Immunizations (COVID-19, Hep B, MMR, Varicella, Influenza, Tetanus) Annual TB testing Healthcare training.
Principal Electrical Engineer System OnePrincipal Electrical EngineerColonial Heights, VirginiaThe Principal Electrical Engineer is responsible for troubleshooting and improving electrical and instrumentation systems using reliability-centered maintenance and process control technologies while serving as the primary point of contact for E&I issues, leading diagnostics, maintenance activities, and cross-functional collaboration to support plant operations. Provide short-term and long-term improvements in process control using PLC, HMI Programming, AC/DC Inverter Drives, Motor Controls, Experion DCS, and electrical power distribution.
Audiovisual Systems Engineer Geospatial And Cloud Analytics IncAudiovisual Systems EngineerQua, VAFull timeProvide technical opinions and supporting documentation regarding technology updates, expansions, and modifications to existing and new AV systems located in classrooms, conference rooms, and Auditoriums. As the Audiovisual Systems Engineer, you will provide comprehensive AV support for all systems and equipment and act as a principal performer for onsite technical support.
Manufacturing Quality Engineer Adler Pelzer USA CareersManufacturing Quality EngineerSalem, VirginiaReviews quality assurance instructions, assembly specifications and production schedules to determine method of conducting inspections and tests, sequence of operations and work assignments. Establish and maintain all quality documents, samples, customer contact, supplier development, production start – up, product launch, and correction of production variances and warrant analysis.
Automation Engineer Zp Group LlcAutomation EngineerRichmond, VA$100,000–$150,000 / yearUnderstand the vendor's manuals and configure vendor's power meter, PDU, ATS, Generators, STS, UPS, and Battery systems etc. Piper Companies is looking for an Automation Engineer to join a design-build and systems integration firm based out of Northern Virginia.
Field Service Engineer Rochester Midland Corporation - Fem Care and Toilet Seat Cover BusinessField Service EngineerRichmond, VAJOB SUMMARY: The Field Service Engineer provides an advanced level of service and consultation to the customer's applications needs related to biomedical processes. Service the mechanical installation and secure performance and reliability of pumps, piping, chemical feed systems, storage tanks and other connected systems.
Manufacturing Quality Engineer Adler Pelzer GroupManufacturing Quality EngineerSalem, VA$75,000–$85,000 / yearReviews quality assurance instructions, assembly specifications and production schedules to determine method of conducting inspections and tests, sequence of operations and work assignments. Establish and maintain all quality documents, samples, customer contact, supplier development, production start - up, product launch, and correction of production variances and warrant analysis.
Robotics Engineer Booz Allen Hamilton IncRobotics EngineerMcLean, VA$99,000–$225,000 / yearMaster's degree in Software Engineering, Computer Engineering, Electrical Engineering, or a Robotics-related field preferred; Doctorate degree in Software Engineering, Computer Engineering, Electrical Engineering, or a Robotics-related field a plus. Onsite: If this position is listed as onsite, work will primarily be performed at a Booz Allen office or customer facility, where employees will collaborate directly with colleagues and customers as required by the role.
Autonomy Engineer Booz Allen Hamilton IncAutonomy EngineerLorton, VA$99,000–$225,000 / yearMaster's degree in Software Engineering, Computer Engineering, Electrical Engineering, or a Robotics field preferred; Doctorate degree in Software Engineering, Computer Engineering, Electrical Engineering, or a Robotics field a plus. Onsite: If this position is listed as onsite, work will primarily be performed at a Booz Allen office or customer facility, where employees will collaborate directly with colleagues and customers as required by the role.
Senior Automation Systems Engineer, NA Vantage Data CentersSenior Automation Systems Engineer, NASterling, VADeveloping and operating across North America, EMEA and Asia Pacific, Vantage has evolved data center design in innovative ways to deliver dramatic gains in reliability, efficiency and sustainability in flexible environments that can scale as quickly as the market demands. While performing the duties of this job, the employee is occasionally required to stand; walk; sit; use hands to handle, or feel objects; reach with hands and arms; climb stairs; balance; stoop or kneel; talk and hear.
Research Engineer - Post-Training & Small Language Models (SLMs), Healthcare AI Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu LtdResearch Engineer - Post-Training & Small Language Models (SLMs), Healthcare AIVA$189,200–$372,900 / yearDeloitte brings together AI researchers, modeling and platform engineers, architects, clinical and domain specialists, and product leaders to build, deploy, and operate verticalized AI systems across software, data, models, and cloud infrastructure - engineered for one of the most complex operating environments in the world. Three hundred fifty million Americans rely on a healthcare system whose decision-making has become slow, costly, and adversarial - care delayed by prior authorization and paperwork, claims that misfire, clinical decisions made without the right information at the right moment, and patients who struggle to navigate or afford the care they need.
Mission Integration Engineer SolvarusMission Integration EngineerChantilly, VAFull timeThe Engineer will have experience integrating space systems with ground mission systems, and experience with OPIR, mesh network capabilities, low-latency high-bandwidth optical link capabilities, network management, tactical data links (Link-16 and IBS) mission planning, and the DoD elements already conducting critical Warfighter missions. Requirements management experience & experience writing system level requirements, allocating requirements to segments, performing trace assessment of implementation-level requirements to system requirements, secure networks crypto requirements, and hands-on experience planning/executing test, demo’s, verification & validation activities.
Imaging Service Engineer III InterMed GroupImaging Service Engineer IIIFredericksburg, VAPerforms repairs and calibrations to diagnostic imaging equipment and maintains associated records by filing accurate and timely reports with Dispatcher. Responsible for working independently in providing repairs and preventative maintenance for hospital clients' diagnostic imaging equipment.
Dat Science/AIML Engineering Summer Intern Avantus FederalDat Science/AIML Engineering Summer InternFort Belvoir, VAQinetiQ US is seeking a motivated undergraduate student currently pursuing a bachelor's degree in Computer Science, Computer Engineering, Electrical Engineering, Physics, or a closely related STEM discipline to join our Signal & Image Processing team for a summer internship at Fort Belvoir, Virginia. Support laboratory testing, characterization, and field testing of advanced EO/IR camera sensors operating in Ultraviolet, Visible, NIR, SWIR, MWIR, and LWIR wavebands, including multi-band camera sensors.
Maintenance Mechanic - (DF) Intertape Polymer Group IncMaintenance Mechanic - (DF)Danville, VAEnsures operation of machinery and mechanical equipment by completing preventive maintenance requirements on engines, motors, pneumatic tools, conveyor systems, and production machines; following electrical diagrams, sketches, operations manuals, manufacturers instructions, and engineering specifications; troubleshooting malfunctions. Perform tasks that involve troubleshooting and diagnosing electrical, instrumentation and control problems, repair or replace electrical components, replace motors and drives, Programmable Logic Controllers (AB PLC 5, 500, 5000, and MicroLogix).
SCA - Automation Systems Technician, FAA Parsons CorpSCA - Automation Systems Technician, FAAVA$15.68–$71.30 / hourThe statement of work includes a variety of activities that support the FAA's Capital Investment Plan (CIP) and certain reimbursable programs, the FAA NextGen Program, national security programs and aviation safety. Specifically, work includes site selection and engineering, construction, environmental and fire/life safety, equipment installation and testing, drafting, contract surveillance, and other technical services as required.
Machine Operator 2nd Shift Regal Rexnord CorpMachine Operator 2nd ShiftRadford, VA$37,440–$43,950 / yearThe Company's end markets benefit from meaningful secular demand tailwinds, and include factory automation, food & beverage, aerospace, medical, data center, warehouse, alternative energy, residential and commercial buildings, general industrial, construction, metals and mining, and agriculture. Salary is dependent on a multitude of factors, including but not limited to the physical worksite location, the geographic market of that location, candidate's skill set, level of experience, education and internal peer compensation comparisons among other potential factors.
Machine Operator 1st Shift Regal Rexnord CorpMachine Operator 1st ShiftRadford, VA$37,440–$43,950 / yearThe Company's end markets benefit from meaningful secular demand tailwinds, and include factory automation, food & beverage, aerospace, medical, data center, warehouse, alternative energy, residential and commercial buildings, general industrial, construction, metals and mining, and agriculture. Salary is dependent on a multitude of factors, including but not limited to the physical worksite location, the geographic market of that location, candidate's skill set, level of experience, education and internal peer compensation comparisons among other potential factors.
Relay Technician 3 - Caroline County, VA M.C. Dean, IncRelay Technician 3 - Caroline County, VACaroline County , Virginia$39.30–$62.88 / hourFull timeProficiently uses hand, power tools, meters and other test equipment in energized electrical rooms, vaults, and substations to install, maintain, repair and program protective relays and associated wiring and equipment. Performs electrical tests and repairs concerned with maintenance and performance evaluation of in-service relays to prevent and remedy abnormal behavior or failure of transmission and distribution equipment.
Electrical Test Technician 1 - Richmond, VA M.C. Dean, IncElectrical Test Technician 1 - Richmond, VARichmond , Virginia$24–$35 / hourFull timeOverview: In this role or as a Field Service Technician you will lead and perform inspection, testing, troubleshooting, maintenance, repair, and start-up of low and medium voltage electrical distribution equipment, including breakers, transformers, switches, switchgear, relays, and motor control centers, as well as other electrical apparatus both in the field and in a shop environment. Perform testing of low and medium voltage cables, instrument and power transformers, switchgear, breakers, electro-mechanical and solid-state relays, and other electrical apparatus.
Electrical Test Technician 2 - Richmond, VA M.C. Dean, IncElectrical Test Technician 2 - Richmond, VARichmond , Virginia$30–$48 / hourFull timeOverview: In this role you will lead and perform inspection, testing, troubleshooting, maintenance, repair, and start-up of low and medium voltage electrical distribution equipment, including breakers, transformers, switches, switchgear, relays, and motor control centers, as well as other electrical apparatus both in the field and in a shop environment. Perform testing of low and medium voltage cables, instrument and power transformers, switchgear, breakers, electro-mechanical and solid-state relays, and other electrical apparatus.
Electrical Test Technician 4 M.C. Dean, IncElectrical Test Technician 4Caroline County , VirginiaFull timeResponsible for managing or training operations staff to operate (monitor and control) and update all system (s) control applications maximizing the efficiency of the system being controlled and revising the operating controls as needed to accommodate changes in the facility operations or to correct identified problems/ inefficiencies. Responsible for assisting the implementation process and procedures set forth using CMMS program to schedule, dispatch, track and report MEP field emergency repair, adjustment, preventive maintenance, and warranty activities.
Electrical Test Technician 2 - NETA - 100% Travel M.C. Dean, IncElectrical Test Technician 2 - NETA - 100% TravelTysons , Virginia$30–$48 / hourFull timeOverview: In this role you will lead and perform inspection, testing, troubleshooting, maintenance, repair, and start-up of low and medium voltage electrical distribution equipment, including breakers, transformers, switches, switchgear, relays, and motor control centers, as well as other electrical apparatus both in the field and in a shop environment. Perform testing of low and medium voltage cables, instrument and power transformers, switchgear, breakers, electro-mechanical and solid-state relays, and other electrical apparatus.
Electrical Test Technician 2 M.C. Dean IncElectrical Test Technician 2Caroline County, VAIn this role you will lead and perform inspection, testing, troubleshooting, maintenance, repair, and start-up of low and medium voltage electrical distribution equipment, including breakers, transformers, switches, switchgear, relays, and motor control centers, as well as other electrical apparatus both in the field and in a shop environment. Perform testing of low and medium voltage cables, instrument and power transformers, switchgear, breakers, electro-mechanical and solid-state relays, and other electrical apparatus.
Electrical Test Technician 1 M.C. Dean IncElectrical Test Technician 1Caroline County, VAIn this role or as a Field Service Technician you will lead and perform inspection, testing, troubleshooting, maintenance, repair, and start-up of low and medium voltage electrical distribution equipment, including breakers, transformers, switches, switchgear, relays, and motor control centers, as well as other electrical apparatus both in the field and in a shop environment. Perform testing of low and medium voltage cables, instrument and power transformers, switchgear, breakers, electro-mechanical and solid-state relays, and other electrical apparatus.
Computer-Aided Manufacturing (CAM) Specialist M.C. Dean IncComputer-Aided Manufacturing (CAM) SpecialistCaroline County, VA$90,640–$113,300 / yearGenerate set-up plans, toolpaths and machining strategies for various manufacturing processes such as plastic milling, metal laser cutting, press brake air bending, pipe bending, multi-axis plasma cutting, industrial robotic manipulator. CAM Programming: Develop and optimize CNC programs using CAM software (e.g., TruTops Boost, V-Carve, Beamcut, MasterCam, Siemens NX, Fusion 360, SolidCam).
NewLead P&C Field Services Technician WSP Global IncLead P&C Field Services TechnicianRichmond, VA$70–$90 / hourAdvanced technical skills related to protective relays, including relay calibration utilizing test sets/measuring devices such as Omicron CMC 256/356 and Doble F6150, control scheme testing, testing of the sensing CT/PT circuits, ability to upload settings to microprocessor relays, and static & dynamic testing of microprocessor-based protective relays. Successful applicants will be involved in projects with our PTE Team and be a part of a growing organization that is solving problems and supporting client needs in electrical testing and commissioning in utility substations, industrial, and bulk electrical power systems.