NewProcess Automation Engineer NucorProcess Automation EngineerApple Grove, WV$77,230–$105,794 / yearCandidate must have a Bachelor’s or foreign equivalent degree in Mechanical Engineering, or Mechatronics Engineering and two (2) years of experience in developing and implementing operational, maintenance, and testing procedures for automated machinery, equipment, and processes in steel melt shop. Experince utilizing TIA Portal and Prosoft to configure Profinet, Ethernet/IP, and Modbus connectivity protocols that ensure seamless data exchange between devices of the melt shop automation ecosystem.
Sr. Controls Engineer System OneSr. Controls EngineerMorgantown, WV5+ years of controls/electrical engineering experience in aseptic processing or an equivalent GMP, FDA, ISO, USDA, or PMO regulated environment. Own the controls software/hardware product lifecycle and lead instrumentation and control systems engineering projects.
Sr. Process Engineer System OneSr. Process EngineerMorgantown, WVProvide process and engineering support across the operation, including dairy receiving, batching/blending, pasteurization, UHT processing, aseptic filling, and packaging equipment. System One, and its subsidiaries including Joulé and Mountain Ltd., are leaders in delivering outsourced services and workforce solutions across North America.
Process Automation Controls Engineer Solenis LLCProcess Automation Controls EngineerWV$107,500–$157,663 / yearThe company's product portfolio includes a broad array of water treatment chemistries, process aids, functional additives, cleaners, disinfectants, and state-of-the-art monitoring, control and delivery systems. These technologies are used by customers to improve operational efficiencies, enhance product quality, protect plant assets, minimize environmental impact, and create cleaner and safer environments.
Automation Engineer Constellium SEAutomation EngineerRavenswood, WVThese include parks, lakes, forests, Civil War trails, golf courses, historical landmarks (covered bridges, a heritage house, a castle), museums and galleries, conference centers, the Clay Center for the Arts and Sciences, the Charleston Light Opera Guild, and much more. As the global leader in aluminum aerospace technology, we specialize in high performance plates, sheets, extrusions, and precision castings that bring cost benefits to space programs and military and commercial aircraft.
Process Automation Controls Engineer DiverseyProcess Automation Controls EngineerUnited States of America, West VirginiaThe company’s product portfolio includes a broad array of water treatment chemistries, process aids, functional additives, cleaners, disinfectants, and state-of-the-art monitoring, control and delivery systems. These technologies are used by customers to improve operational efficiencies, enhance product quality, protect plant assets, minimize environmental impact, and create cleaner and safer environments.
Electrical Test Automation Engineer Form EnergyElectrical Test Automation EngineerWeirton, WVYou will be instrumental in designing, integrating, and scaling robust testing architectures, and you will be involved in commissioning new production lines in partnership with our manufacturing and design teams. Form Energy is hiring an Electrical Test Automation Engineer to ensure the proper ramp and stabilization of our automated operational and electrical testing systems across manufacturing lines.
Electrical Test Automation Engineer Form Energy IncElectrical Test Automation EngineerWeirton, WVYou will be instrumental in designing, integrating, and scaling robust testing architectures, and you will be involved in commissioning new production lines in partnership with our manufacturing and design teams. Form Energy is hiring an Electrical Test Automation Engineer to ensure the proper ramp and stabilization of our automated operational and electrical testing systems across manufacturing lines.
Automation Engineer TechnimarkAutomation EngineerInwood, WVAssists in production start-ups as related to automation machines Assists with the troubleshooting of new and existing automation machines. Manages construction time schedules to meet the production schedule needs on new automation machines.
Warehouse Automation Engineer (remote) Ryder System IncWarehouse Automation Engineer (remote)Charleston, WVRemoteRFP and New Business Support:• Lead minor RFP project and support lead engineer on major RFP projects by leading automation selection and validation on new business sale projects by identifying potential automation technologies.• Compensation Information: The compensation offered to a candidate may be influenced by a variety of factors, including the candidate's relevant experience; education, including relevant degrees or certifications; work location; market data/ranges; internal equity; internal salary ranges; etc.
Automation Engineer Technimark GmbHAutomation EngineerWVAssists in production start-ups as related to automation machines Assists with the troubleshooting of new and existing automation machines. Manages construction time schedules to meet the production schedule needs on new automation machines.
Cloud Automation Engineer Govcio LLCCloud Automation EngineerKearneysville, West Virginia$110,000–$135,000 / yearFull timeRelevant VMware certifications highly preferred (e.g., VCP-VVF Admin, VCP-VCF Admin, VCP-VCF Architect, VCP-DCV, or VCP-Cloud Management). Integrate automation solutions with external enterprise services such as Infoblox DDI, Tenable Security Center, and ServiceNow leveraging JavaScript and REST APIs.
NewIE Engineer (Automation) CDI Engineering ServicesIE Engineer (Automation)Inwood, West VirginiaTata Consulting Engineers USA, LLC, (TCE), is a multi-disciplinary engineering organization offering a full range of integrated engineering design, project support, procurement and construction management services to the energy and chemicals industries. Qualifications: Allen Bradley PLC programming / ControlLogix code creation -PLC5 maintenance and troubleshooting / Studio 5000 / AssetCentre & UPack and PackML experience.
Staff Manufacturing Engineer, Automation Form EnergyStaff Manufacturing Engineer, AutomationWeirton, WVYou will own the processes and improvements of complex robotic cells and automated hardware, driving technical decisions that eliminate manufacturing bottlenecks and ensure long-term equipment reliability. In recent years, Form Energy has earned a number of accolades, including being named by TIME as a "Best Invention", MIT Technology Review as a "Top Climate Tech Company To Watch", and Fast Company as "One of the Next Big Things In Tech".
Staff Equipment Engineer, Automation Form EnergyStaff Equipment Engineer, AutomationWeirton, WVYou will own the processes and improvements of complex robotic cells and automated hardware, driving technical decisions that eliminate manufacturing bottlenecks and ensure long-term equipment reliability. In recent years, Form Energy has earned a number of accolades, including being named by TIME as a "Best Invention", MIT Technology Review as a "Top Climate Tech Company To Watch", and Fast Company as "One of the Next Big Things In Tech".
Staff Equipment Engineer, Automation Form Energy IncStaff Equipment Engineer, AutomationWeirton, WVYou will own the processes and improvements of complex robotic cells and automated hardware, driving technical decisions that eliminate manufacturing bottlenecks and ensure long-term equipment reliability. In recent years, Form Energy has earned a number of accolades, including being named by TIME as a "Best Invention", MIT Technology Review as a "Top Climate Tech Company To Watch", and Fast Company as "One of the Next Big Things In Tech".
Senior Security Automation & SOAR Engineer S&P GlobalSenior Security Automation & SOAR EngineerPrinceton, New YorkBuild and maintain secure integrations across a comprehensive ecosystem of security, IT, and business platforms including security tools, identity systems, cloud services, network infrastructure, ticketing systems, and communication platforms using APIs and custom code to support end-to-end incident response workflows. 11 Job Description The Team: The Cyber Fusion Center protects the business by fusing threat intelligence, monitoring, detection engineering, and response into one proactive, intelligence-led defense capability that breaks down silos to reduce risk and strengthen security across the enterprise.
NewSenior Controls Engineer Form Energy IncSenior Controls EngineerWeirton, WVYou will have opportunities in this role to lead efforts to design and develop innovative solutions, as we work together to deploy manufacturing equipment control and execution systems and to make continuous improvements to our equipment, processes, and systems. In recent years, Form Energy has earned a number of accolades, including being named by TIME as a "Best Invention", MIT Technology Review as a "Top Climate Tech Company To Watch", and Fast Company as "One of the Next Big Things In Tech".
Senior Security Automation & SOAR Engineer OSTTRASenior Security Automation & SOAR EngineerPrinceton, New YorkBuild and maintain secure integrations across a comprehensive ecosystem of security, IT, and business platforms including security tools, identity systems, cloud services, network infrastructure, ticketing systems, and communication platforms using APIs and custom code to support end-to-end incident response workflows. 11 Job Description The Team: The Cyber Fusion Center protects the business by fusing threat intelligence, monitoring, detection engineering, and response into one proactive, intelligence-led defense capability that breaks down silos to reduce risk and strengthen security across the enterprise.
Automation Engineering Technician I/II/III/Sr EQT CorporationAutomation Engineering Technician I/II/III/SrMorgantown, WVThe Automation Engineering Technician I/II/III role directly supports the Automation Engineering function through new project and maintenance construction/commissioning, execution of approved hardware/software changes, and providing technical support to field operations. Gather onsite technical data for Automation Engineers and Compression Design Engineers related to capital project assignments, especially automated equipment.
IoT Automation Technician / Project Coordinator Extreme EndeavorsIoT Automation Technician / Project CoordinatorPhilippi, West VirginiaPrimary Responsibilities: Field Installation & Service: Install IoT automation equipment at water treatment plants, pump stations, lift stations, and water storage tanks. The ideal candidate is mechanically inclined, financially aware, organized, and interested in understanding not only how projects are built—but also how they are estimated, bid, managed, and delivered successfully.
SCA - Automation Systems Technician, FAA Parsons CorpSCA - Automation Systems Technician, FAAWV$15.68–$71.30 / hourThe statement of work includes a variety of activities that support the FAA's Capital Investment Plan (CIP) and certain reimbursable programs, the FAA NextGen Program, national security programs and aviation safety. Specifically, work includes site selection and engineering, construction, environmental and fire/life safety, equipment installation and testing, drafting, contract surveillance, and other technical services as required.
Staff Controls Engineer, Robotics & Vision Form EnergyStaff Controls Engineer, Robotics & VisionWeirton, WVIn recent years, Form Energy has earned a number of accolades, including being named by TIME as a "Best Invention", MIT Technology Review as a "Top Climate Tech Company To Watch", and Fast Company as "One of the Next Big Things In Tech". This is a rare opportunity to combine deep hands-on technical execution with high-level project leadership and mentorship, shaping both our factory floor and the careers of the engineers around you.
Process & Controls Engineer The ChemoursProcess & Controls EngineerWest VirginiaIn key sectors such as clean energy, advanced electronics, high-performance computing and AI, climate friendly cooling, and high-quality paints and coatings for homes and industrial infrastructure---sustainable solutions and more modern living depend on Chemours chemistry. Pay Range (in local currency): $85,801.00 - $134,064.00 Chemours Level: 24 Annual Bonus Target: 6% The pay range and incentives listed above is a general guideline based on the primary location of this job only and not a guarantee of total compensation.
Process & Controls Engineer Chemours CoProcess & Controls EngineerBelle, WV$85,801–$134,064 / yearIn key sectors such as clean energy, advanced electronics, high-performance computing and AI, climate friendly cooling, and high-quality paints and coatings for homes and industrial infrastructure---sustainable solutions and more modern living depend on Chemours chemistry. This role offers strong development opportunities in Distributed Control Systems (DCS), Programmable Logic Controllers (PLC), Safety Instrumented Systems (SIS), and process data systems within a high-hazard chemical manufacturing environment.
Senior Controls Engineer Form EnergySenior Controls EngineerWeirton, WVYou will have opportunities in this role to lead efforts to design and develop innovative solutions, as we work together to deploy manufacturing equipment control and execution systems and to make continuous improvements to our equipment, processes, and systems. In recent years, Form Energy has earned a number of accolades, including being named by TIME as a "Best Invention", MIT Technology Review as a "Top Climate Tech Company To Watch", and Fast Company as "One of the Next Big Things In Tech".
Staff Controls Engineer, Robotics & Vision Form Energy IncStaff Controls Engineer, Robotics & VisionWeirton, WVIn recent years, Form Energy has earned a number of accolades, including being named by TIME as a "Best Invention", MIT Technology Review as a "Top Climate Tech Company To Watch", and Fast Company as "One of the Next Big Things In Tech". This is a rare opportunity to combine deep hands-on technical execution with high-level project leadership and mentorship, shaping both our factory floor and the careers of the engineers around you.
Industrial Controls Engineer - Morgantown, WV Pillar InnovationsIndustrial Controls Engineer - Morgantown, WVMorgantown, West VirginiaFull timePosition Overview: As an Industrial Controls Engineer, the general role is to provide turn-key automated solutions specializing in PLC Programming, Human Machine Interface (HMI) Development, Software installations, with minimal electrical work. Support manufacture, build and validation of systems which include pneumatics, servos, VFD’s, relays, communication networks, touchscreens, pushbuttons and robotic integration.
Industrial Controls Engineer Morgantown, WV Pillar Innovations LLCIndustrial Controls Engineer Morgantown, WVMorgantown, WVAs an Industrial Controls Engineer, the general role is to provide turn-key automated solutions specializing in PLC Programming, Human Machine Interface (HMI) Development, Software installations, with minimal electrical work. Support manufacture, build and validation of systems which include pneumatics, servos, VFD's, relays, communication networks, touchscreens, pushbuttons and robotic integration.
Engineer I/Engineer II/Sr Engineer/Sr Engineer II Berkshire Hathaway Energy CoEngineer I/Engineer II/Sr Engineer/Sr Engineer IIBridgeport, WVPossess a 4-year degree in Physics, Chemistry, Math or Engineering Technology and a post-graduate engineering degree from an institution where the undergraduate degree in the same engineering discipline is ABET accredited based on the year the engineering program was accredited by ABET, or. Possess a 4-year engineering degree from a non-ABET accredited program and a post-graduate engineering degree from an institution where the undergraduate degree in the same engineering discipline is ABET accredited based on the year the engineering program was accredited by ABET, or.
NewSenior Controls Engineer, Electrical & Instrumentation Form EnergySenior Controls Engineer, Electrical & InstrumentationWeirton, WVAfter escalation from our sustaining team, provide electrical & instrumentation support for the production operations and maintenance departments, including troubleshooting controls, electrical issues, and problem resolution as they relate to equipment and process downtime, throughput improvement, and/or any safety concerns. You will have opportunities in this role to lead efforts to design and develop innovative solutions, as we work together to deploy manufacturing equipment control and execution systems and to make continuous improvements to our equipment, processes, and systems.
NewSenior Controls Engineer, Electrical & Instrumentation Form Energy IncSenior Controls Engineer, Electrical & InstrumentationWeirton, WVAfter escalation from our sustaining team, provide electrical & instrumentation support for the production operations and maintenance departments, including troubleshooting controls, electrical issues, and problem resolution as they relate to equipment and process downtime, throughput improvement, and/or any safety concerns. You will have opportunities in this role to lead efforts to design and develop innovative solutions, as we work together to deploy manufacturing equipment control and execution systems and to make continuous improvements to our equipment, processes, and systems.
Lead Transmission Line Engineer Leidos Holdings IncLead Transmission Line EngineerHuntington, WV$92,300–$166,850 / yearLeidos seeks the best and the brightest, and in return, we invest in you, with an eye on your future, through career advancement, growth opportunities, and continuous improvement via mentoring, formal and informal project management training and assistance with obtaining pertinent certifications. The successful candidate will serve as a Lead Engineer and Technical Project Manager on high voltage electric transmission line design projects of overhead and underground systems for some of the largest utilities in the country as well as regional utilities.
Senior Transmission Line Engineer Leidos Holdings IncSenior Transmission Line EngineerBuckhannon, WVRemote$73,450–$132,775 / yearLeidos seeks the best and the brightest, and in return, we invest in you, with an eye on your future, through career advancement, growth opportunities, and continuous improvement via mentoring, formal and informal project management training and assistance with obtaining pertinent certifications. Original Posting: February 27, 2026 For U.S. Positions: While subject to change based on business needs, Leidos reasonably anticipates that this job requisition will remain open for at least 3 days with an anticipated close date of no earlier than 3 days after the original posting date as listed above.
Staff Information Security Engineer Lumos Networks Corp.Staff Information Security EngineerCharleston, WV$116,025–$140,000 / yearPreferred Experience: Experience with asset discovery and logical asset managementSolid understanding of authentication and identity technologies (IAM, SSO, RADIUS, TACACS+, AD/LDAP/Kerberos)Experience with compliance frameworks, particularly NIST CSF, NIST 800-53, and/or ISO 27001Experience with administration of Splunk, Splunk ES or other SIEM platformsFamiliarity with Infrastructure as Code and automation tools (Terraform, Ansible, git)Familiarity with AWS, Microsoft Azure, and Office 365 security controls (e.g., IAM, PIM, Identity Governance, Azure Policies, Entra, Intune, DLP, IaaS)Familiarity with EDR/MDR/XDR platformsExperience with security incident responseStrong understanding of operating systems and command line administration at all levels. Strong understanding of TCP/IP networking protocols at all layers of the OSI stackUnderstanding of the HTTP protocol, Web Application Firewall (WAF) technologies, BurpSuite testing, and APIsUnderstanding of PKI, SSL/TLS, and cryptographic functionsExperience working in micro-segmented environmentsComfortable with regular expressions.
PLC & SCADA Engineer/Programmer Keystone Clearwater SolutionsPLC & SCADA Engineer/ProgrammerTriadelphia, West VirginiaThe position requires travel to field operations to troubleshoot, upgrade, and maintain automation assets and reports directly to the Manager of Automation. Strong working knowledge of modern instrumentation and control systems, including IoT and edge computing.
Mechanical Engineer - Healthcare Procon ConsultingMechanical Engineer - HealthcareHuntington, West VirginiaThis role will support mechanical, HVAC, plumbing, medical gas, building automation, and utility infrastructure systems while serving as a technical advisor and supporting quality assurance, project oversight, commissioning, and technical compliance activities. Recognized as an ENR Top 100 CM/PM firm for five consecutive years, we excel in program management, project management, project controls, commissioning, and leveraging innovative technology to transform the built environment.
Engineer, Advanced Distribution Management Systems FirstEnergy CorpEngineer, Advanced Distribution Management SystemsFairmont, WVAcceptable alternatives are: (1) a Professional Engineer's (PE) License (2) a Bachelor of Science degree in Engineering Technology from an ABET accredited institution (3) a Bachelor's degree in Electrical, Civil or Mechanical Engineering or technical field of study (non-ABET) plus an advanced degree in Electrical, Civil or Mechanical Engineering from a university with an ABET accredited Bachelor's program. This position is responsible for various responsibilities within the ADMS Systems group, and will work closely with DCC Support, ADMS Analytics and Reporting, GIS modelling/mapping, IT support groups, DCC's, vendors, industry groups and various other stakeholders to support and enhance the tools and processes within the Distribution System Operations organization.
Substation Engineer 2 (Remote) SOLV Energy LLCSubstation Engineer 2 (Remote)WVRemote$89,527–$111,909 / yearIn addition, candidate introductions or resumes can only be submitted to our internal talent acquisition recruiting team if a signed vendor agreement is already on file and the third-party recruiter or agency has received formal instructions from our internal talent acquisition team to submit candidates for a particular job posting. Collaborate with cross-functional teams, including transmission planners, protection engineering, control systems specialists, PV engineering, and BESS engineering to ensure the seamless integration of substations into the overall power grid.
Field Service Engineer 1-Electric Power Caterpillar IncField Service Engineer 1-Electric PowerWest Virginia, WV$89,210–$133,810 / yearEffective Communications: Working knowledge and understanding of effective communication concepts, tools and techniques; ability to effectively transmit, receive, and accurately interpret ideas, information, and needs through the application of appropriate communication behaviors. EPD supports a wide range of customer applications across the globe, including providing back-up power to hospitals, providing emergency power when natural disasters strike, and supporting critical infrastructure for data centers, municipalities, and more.
Sr. Test Engineer Trilogy Innovations IncSr. Test EngineerBridgeport, WV$118,000–$121,000 / yearUsing FBI-supplied software configuration management control tools, accepts developed software code and integrates the code into builds (i.e., incremental releases) to support test, integration, deployment, and cut-in to operations activities. We deliver high quality systems and software engineering services across public and private sectors, supporting complex and mission critical environments with integrity, collaboration, and care.
Sr. Test Engineer Trilogy InnovationsSr. Test EngineerBridgeport, WV$118,000–$121,000 / yearUsing FBI-supplied software configuration management control tools, accepts developed software code and integrates the code into builds (i.e., incremental releases) to support test, integration, deployment, and cut-in to operations activities. We deliver high quality systems and software engineering services across public and private sectors, supporting complex and mission critical environments with integrity, collaboration, and care.
NewElectrical Engineer Mural GroupElectrical EngineerApple Grove, West Virginia$50–$60 / yearOur client operates a steel manufacturing facility in Apple Grove, WV that is in the commissioning and start-up phase, and is hiring an Electrical Engineer to lead the on-site installation and commissioning of the plant's electrical infrastructure — including power distribution, switchgear, and dedicated PLC and control room systems. This is a hands-on, high-visibility assignment for an engineer who wants ownership of a capital project from planning through commissioning, working directly with site leadership to shape how the electrical build-out is sequenced and executed in line with the plant's actual operating conditions and reliability goals.
NewMechanical Engineer Mural GroupMechanical EngineerApple Grove, West VirginiaThis is a hands-on, high-visibility assignment for an engineer who wants ownership of a capital project from planning through commissioning, working directly with site leadership to shape how installation is sequenced and executed in line with the plant's actual operating conditions and efficiency goals. Our client operates a steel manufacturing facility in Apple Grove, WV that is in the commissioning and start-up phase, and is hiring a Mechanical Engineer to lead the on-site installation of mechanical systems across the plant, including equipment supporting PLC and control room environments.
Mechanical Engineer, Refrigeration US Foods Holding CorpMechanical Engineer, RefrigerationCharleston, WV$100,000–$155,000 / yearThis role provides subject-matter expertise for ammonia (NH), Co2 and Freon-based systems, ensuring safe operation, regulatory compliance, reliability, and energy efficiency in support of operational and business objectives. Internal Relationships: This role partners closely with Operations, Facilities, Maintenance, EHS, Asset Management, and Capital Engineering teams to ensure safe, reliable, and compliant refrigeration system performance.
NewNew Engineer-in-Training Rotational Program TC Energy CorporationNew Engineer-in-Training Rotational ProgramCharleston, WVThe Facility or Operations Planning Engineer works with internal commercial, marketing, and operations groups to determine and manage pipeline hydraulic capacity, provide operational support, and supports methods to increase system efficiency transporting natural gas on their various pipeline systems. Complemented by strategic ownership and low-risk investments in power generation, our infrastructure fuels industries and generates affordable, reliable and sustainable power across North America, while enabling LNG exports to global markets.
Lead Solutions Design Engineer - SIMIO Warehouse & Transportation Simulation (REMOTE) Ryder System IncLead Solutions Design Engineer - SIMIO Warehouse & Transportation Simulation (REMOTE)Charleston, WVRemote$100,000–$115,000 / yearWarehouse Design:Extensive knowledge of Warehouse Management operations, data analytics, Industrial Engineering, warehouse types (ambient, temp control, warehouse layout/ design and Lean methodsRequired knowledge of material handling solutions and automation types such as: powered industrial truck (PIT) applications; racking and other storage solution designs, packaging equipment; conveyor and sortation equipment; and other automation solutions (e.gAS/RS)Warehouse Design Tools e.g. Transportation Design:Extensive knowledge of Dedicated Services and Managed Transportation NetworksRequired knowledge of all available equipment types such as; dry van, temperature control, flat bed, other specialized equipmentTransportation Design Tools ie; JDA, Appian, Network Design Tools ie; Llamasoft, Transportation Management Systems ie; JDA, OTM,, Mapping Software ie; Tableau expert required.
Staff Development Engineer - Fulfillment CVS Health CorpStaff Development Engineer - FulfillmentWV$106,605–$284,280 / yearCollaborate closely with engineering, platform, and business teams to deliver cost optimized, scalable solutions-leveraging cloud cost profiling tools, storage tiering strategies, service right sizing, and architectural simplification. Apply advanced software engineering practices across the full SDLC-including domain driven design (DDD), design patterns, secure coding, automated testing strategies (unit, contract, integration), code quality gates, trunk based development, and continuous observability.
Electrical Engineer – Automotive Manufacturing CrossSafety Solutions Inc.Electrical Engineer – Automotive ManufacturingBuffalo, WVWe are seeking Manufacturing Project Engineers to support various production engineering teams, including battery manufacturing, process engineering, equipment installation, new model development, and paint/vehicle manufacturing systems . Join a team of over 150 supportive and safety-focused professionals including Industrial Hygienists, Ergonomists, Safety Engineers, Construction Safety Specialists, and industry-leading engineering teams.
Senior Agentic Software Engineer Mitre CorpSenior Agentic Software EngineerBridgeport, WV$129,200–$161,500 / yearRoles & Responsibilities: MITRE is seeking a Senior Agentic Software Engineer to design, build, secure, and operate mission-focused software systems and data platforms using state-of-the-art agentic and AI-enabled software development techniques. Cloud-native operations depth across Kubernetes and IaC/multi-cloud, with strong observability (tracing/logs/agent telemetry, audit logging/Splunk) and MLOps/model serving (hosting, gatewaying, rate/cost controls, monitoring).