Amazon.com Services LLCNewAutomation Engineer Amazon.com Services LLCAutomation EngineerUnion County, OHUnderstand, maintain and troubleshoot material handling control systems, including PLC/PC controllers and industrial networks such as Ethernet, ControlNet, DeviceNet, Profibus, motor control systems, servo drives, frequency drives, and electrical distribution systems. - Collaborate with building Operations, Operations Engineering teams, FC Start-up Team, AFT Software teams, ACES team, and Safety in supporting MHE systems optimization and project implementation.
PwrQ Holdings LLCField Service Engineer, L5 PwrQ Holdings LLCField Service Engineer, L5Columbus, OHThis role provides on-site leadership, ensures safe work execution, interfaces directly with customers and project teams, and mentors junior engineers/technicians while driving quality, schedule adherence, and continuous improvement. Lead field execution for switchgear installation, commissioning, and service (e.g., air-insulated switchgear, gas-insulated switchgear, metal-clad/metal-enclosed switchgear, breakers, relays, bus, CT/PTs, control power systems).
JobotNewMechanical Engineer- HVAC JobotMechanical Engineer- HVACColumbus, OH$90,000–$140,000 / yearInformation collected and processed as part of your Jobot candidate profile, and any job applications, resumes, or other information you choose to submit is subject to Jobot's Privacy Policy, as well as the Jobot California Worker Privacy Notice and Jobot Notice Regarding Automated Employment Decision Tools which are available at jobot.com/legal. Project experience spans healthcare, education (K–12 and higher ed), federal and military, justice, commercial, industrial, residential, hospitality, data centers, and other institutional markets.
JobotNewSenior Highway Design Engineer JobotSenior Highway Design EngineerNew Albany, OH$125,000–$140,000 / yearThe sectors served include Local, State, and Federal Government; Commercial and Industrial enterprises; Higher Education and K-12 institutions; Healthcare facilities; Hospitality industry; Railroad operations (Class 1, Regional, Local Line Haul, and Switching/Terminal); Residential developments; and Utilities and Energy sectors. Information collected and processed as part of your Jobot candidate profile, and any job applications, resumes, or other information you choose to submit is subject to Jobot's Privacy Policy, as well as the Jobot California Worker Privacy Notice and Jobot Notice Regarding Automated Employment Decision Tools which are available at jobot.com/legal.
JobotNewBuilding Electrical Engineer JobotBuilding Electrical EngineerColumbus, OH$90,000–$120,000 / yearInformation collected and processed as part of your Jobot candidate profile, and any job applications, resumes, or other information you choose to submit is subject to Jobot's Privacy Policy, as well as the Jobot California Worker Privacy Notice and Jobot Notice Regarding Automated Employment Decision Tools which are available at jobot.com/legal. We are seeking an Electrical Engineer II to support the design and delivery of electrical systems across multiple office locations, including Columbus, Akron, Baltimore, Jacksonville, and Pensacola.
JobotNewSenior Electrical HVAC Engineer JobotSenior Electrical HVAC EngineerColumbus, OH$125,000–$150,000 / yearInformation collected and processed as part of your Jobot candidate profile, and any job applications, resumes, or other information you choose to submit is subject to Jobot's Privacy Policy, as well as the Jobot California Worker Privacy Notice and Jobot Notice Regarding Automated Employment Decision Tools which are available at jobot.com/legal. Responsibilities: Design electrical systems for large central cooling and heating plants, including boilers, chillers, cooling towers, pumps, large bore piping, and control systems.
JobotNewSenior Full-Stack Engineer (Python / Django) JobotSenior Full-Stack Engineer (Python / Django)Westerville, OH$80,000–$165,000 / yearInformation collected and processed as part of your Jobot candidate profile, and any job applications, resumes, or other information you choose to submit is subject to Jobot's Privacy Policy, as well as the Jobot California Worker Privacy Notice and Jobot Notice Regarding Automated Employment Decision Tools which are available at jobot.com/legal. The ideal candidate enjoys working across the entire technology stack, thrives in fast-moving environments, and wants to build products that solve meaningful real-world problems at scale.
JobotNewElectrical Engineer JobotElectrical EngineerLewis Center, OH$85,000–$100,000 / yearInformation collected and processed as part of your Jobot candidate profile, and any job applications, resumes, or other information you choose to submit is subject to Jobot's Privacy Policy, as well as the Jobot California Worker Privacy Notice and Jobot Notice Regarding Automated Employment Decision Tools which are available at jobot.com/legal. The team operates in a collaborative environment where engineers work cross-functionally with mechanical, manufacturing, quality, and program teams to deliver robust, field-ready solutions.
JobotNewHVAC Controls Engineer – Building Automation JobotHVAC Controls Engineer – Building AutomationColumbus, OH$90,000–$120,000 / yearInformation collected and processed as part of your Jobot candidate profile, and any job applications, resumes, or other information you choose to submit is subject to Jobot's Privacy Policy, as well as the Jobot California Worker Privacy Notice and Jobot Notice Regarding Automated Employment Decision Tools which are available at jobot.com/legal. A leading DDC Controls Contractor in Ohio that specializes in building automation and controls integration company focused on HVAC, lighting, access/security, and energy management solutions.
JobotNewMetal Manufacturing Engineer JobotMetal Manufacturing EngineerLewis Center, OH$75,000–$100,000 / yearInformation collected and processed as part of your Jobot candidate profile, and any job applications, resumes, or other information you choose to submit is subject to Jobot's Privacy Policy, as well as the Jobot California Worker Privacy Notice and Jobot Notice Regarding Automated Employment Decision Tools which are available at jobot.com/legal. 4. Estimate production costs, cost saving methods, and the effects of product design changes on expenditures for management review, action, and control.
JobotNewQuality Engineer JobotQuality EngineerColumbus, OH$80,000–$95,000 / yearInformation collected and processed as part of your Jobot candidate profile, and any job applications, resumes, or other information you choose to submit is subject to Jobot's Privacy Policy, as well as the Jobot California Worker Privacy Notice and Jobot Notice Regarding Automated Employment Decision Tools which are available at jobot.com/legal. A global leader in plastic components for the automotive industry that was established several decades ago, we thrive on innovation and efficiency, serving diverse industries such as automotive, electronics, and home appliances.
JobotNewCommissioning Engineer (Data Centers) JobotCommissioning Engineer (Data Centers)Dublin, OH$80,000–$120,000 / yearMust be self-motivated and well versed in Data Center projects touching on large building MEP systems design, commissioning, retro-commissioning, energy modeling/analysis and construction for complex buildings. Information collected and processed as part of your Jobot candidate profile, and any job applications, resumes, or other information you choose to submit is subject to Jobot's Privacy Policy, as well as the Jobot California Worker Privacy Notice and Jobot Notice Regarding Automated Employment Decision Tools which are available at jobot.com/legal.
JobotNewSenior Electrical Engineer JobotSenior Electrical EngineerColumbus, OH$110,000–$165,000 / yearInformation collected and processed as part of your Jobot candidate profile, and any job applications, resumes, or other information you choose to submit is subject to Jobot's Privacy Policy, as well as the Jobot California Worker Privacy Notice and Jobot Notice Regarding Automated Employment Decision Tools which are available at jobot.com/legal. The firm supports public and private sector clients across civil, water/wastewater, environmental, transportation, mechanical, and electrical disciplines.
JobotNewSenior Water/Waste Water Engineer JobotSenior Water/Waste Water EngineerColumbus, OH$110,000–$150,000 / yearInformation collected and processed as part of your Jobot candidate profile, and any job applications, resumes, or other information you choose to submit is subject to Jobot's Privacy Policy, as well as the Jobot California Worker Privacy Notice and Jobot Notice Regarding Automated Employment Decision Tools which are available at jobot.com/legal. The Civil Engineer will contribute to the planning, design, and construction support of civil infrastructure projects, working closely with multidisciplinary teams on impactful work for municipal and public clients.
JobotNewAndroid Engineer JobotAndroid EngineerReynoldsburg, OHRemote$40–$45 / hourInformation collected and processed as part of your Jobot candidate profile, and any job applications, resumes, or other information you choose to submit is subject to Jobot's Privacy Policy, as well as the Jobot California Worker Privacy Notice and Jobot Notice Regarding Automated Employment Decision Tools which are available at jobot.com/legal. By applying for this job, you agree to receive calls, AI-generated calls, text messages, or emails from Jobot, and/or its agents and contracted partners.
Amazon Data Services, Inc.NewControls Engineer Amazon Data Services, Inc.Controls EngineerHilliard, OHAWS Data Centers have multiple components such as generators, uninterruptable power sources, diesel generators, electrical switchgear, power distribution units, variable frequency drives, automatic/static transfer switches, chillers [air-cooled and water-cooled], pumps, cooling towers, heat exchangers, CRAHs, air economizers, etc. - Frequently visit (locally) assigned in-operation data centers to troubleshoot, meet customers, supervise vendor’s work to ensure compliance with the scope, design, SOO and applicable local codes.
Davron LLCNewVibration Test Engineer Davron LLCVibration Test EngineerPique, OHThis fully onsite role offers the chance to join a world-class aviation engineering and manufacturing company, where you will work hands-on with propeller systems, flight testing, and cutting-edge aircraft compatibility programs that support everything from general aviation to military applications. VIBRATION TEST ENGINEER | AEROSPACE ENGINEER | MECHANICAL ENGINEER | FLIGHT TESTING | VIBRATION ANALYSIS | FATIGUE TESTING | TECHNICAL REPORTING | DATA ANALYSIS | AIRCRAFT TESTING | PROPELLER SYSTEMS | MS OFFICE | AVIATION ENGINEERING.
LeidosLead Transmission Line Engineer LeidosLead Transmission Line EngineerColumbus, OH$92,300–$166,850Leidos seeks the best and the brightest, and in return, we invest in you, with an eye on your future, through career advancement, growth opportunities, and continuous improvement via mentoring, formal and informal project management training and assistance with obtaining pertinent certifications. The successful candidate will serve as a Lead Engineer and Technical Project Manager on high voltage electric transmission line design projects of overhead and underground systems for some of the largest utilities in the country as well as regional utilities.
LeidosSenior Transmission Line Engineer LeidosSenior Transmission Line EngineerColumbus, OHRemote$73,450–$132,775If you received an email purporting to be from Leidos that asks for payment-related information or any other personal information (e.g., about you or your previous employer), and you are concerned about its legitimacy, please make us aware immediately by emailing us at LeidosCareersFraud@leidos.com. We value and support the well-being and mobility of our employees with competitive benefit packages, complementary e-learning training, work-life flexibility, an exciting External Referral Program, and a diverse, inclusive and ethical workplace.
LeidosDCO Counter-Measures Engineer LeidosDCO Counter-Measures EngineerWhitehall, OH$107,900–$195,050Maintain situational awareness of cyber activity by reviewing DoD, Intelligence Community and open-source reporting for new vulnerabilities, malware or other threats that have the potential to impact the DoDIN. If you received an email purporting to be from Leidos that asks for payment-related information or any other personal information (e.g., about you or your previous employer), and you are concerned about its legitimacy, please make us aware immediately by emailing us at LeidosCareersFraud@leidos.com.
LFP AssociatesNewEnvironmental Engineer III LFP AssociatesEnvironmental Engineer IIIColumbus, OH$80,000–$90,000 / yearTheir Ohio facility houses lighting and mold design, construction, production engineering, and dedicated associates in their Quality, Assembly, Sales, and Customer Service departments. Leading and implementing Carbon Neutrality projects, data collection activities and reporting of Sustainability efforts.
Aminov Search PartnersNewEnvironmental Engineer Aminov Search PartnersEnvironmental EngineerGrove City, OH$75,000–$75,000 / yearOversee the Hazard Communication/Safety Data Sheet (HAZCOM/SDS) program concerning material management. The position is responsible for managing and overseeing the organization's ecological policies and initiatives to ensure they adhere to relevant laws.
Gables Search GroupNewSales Engineer Gables Search GroupSales EngineerGrove City, OHWe are seeking a hunter-minded Sales Account Manager/Sales Engineer to drive new business growth through aggressive prospecting and lead generation within the Aerospace & Defense manufacturing space. The ideal candidate enjoys opening doors and has the technical aptitude to understand customer applications and translate requirements into manufacturable solutions.
*US AMR-Jones Lang LaSalle Americas, Inc.NewOperating Engineer *US AMR-Jones Lang LaSalle Americas, Inc.Operating EngineerColumbus, OHAs a critical member of JLL's facilities management team, you'll ensure building systems operate at optimal energy efficiency and safety levels, minimizing downtime through proactive maintenance planning and comprehensive record-keeping. Install, repair, and maintain plumbing systems alongside preventive maintenance for automatic doors, gates, material handling equipment, fire safety systems, and emergency eyewash stations to ensure full building functionality.
*US AMR-Jones Lang LaSalle Americas, Inc.NewCritical Environments Operating Engineer *US AMR-Jones Lang LaSalle Americas, Inc.Critical Environments Operating EngineerNew Albany, OHOperate and maintain all critical building systems to ensure 100% uptime, including fire/life safety, HVAC, chillers, CRAC/CRAH units, plumbing, controls, UPS systems, generators, switchgear, power distribution, and transformers. Whether you’ve got deep experience in commercial real estate, skilled trades or technology, or you’re looking to apply your relevant experience to a new industry, join our team as we help shape a brighter way forward.
Kforce Inc.ServiceNow QA / Test Engineer Kforce Inc.ServiceNow QA / Test EngineerColumbus, OH$45–$55Automated Testing (ATF): Design, build, and maintain automated test suites using the ServiceNow Automated Test Framework (ATF) to ensure regression testing is efficient and thorough. The successful candidate will be responsible for the end-to-end testing lifecycle, from creating comprehensive test plans to executing automated and manual tests within a FedRAMP-authorized environment.
BC ForwardNewNetwork Engineer V (Data Center/Connectivity) BC ForwardNetwork Engineer V (Data Center/Connectivity)New Albany, OHFull timeWith delivery centers and offices across North America and India, we take pride in building long-term relationships and delivering excellence through innovation, collaboration, and integrity. BCforward is a leading global IT consulting and workforce solutions firm providing services and support to Fortune 500 and government clients.
BC ForwardNewNetwork Engineer BC ForwardNetwork EngineerColumbus, OH$33–$37.96 / hourFull timeThe ideal candidate will have strong experience in large-scale IP network design, implementation, and operations and a proven ability to deliver proactive and reactive post-sales support that aligns business and technical solutions while ensuring Total Customer Experience. With delivery centers and offices across North America and India, we take pride in building long-term relationships and delivering excellence through innovation, collaboration, and integrity.
Genesis10QA Automation Engineer - 100% Remote Genesis10QA Automation Engineer - 100% RemoteColumbus, OHRemote$55–$60 / hourTemporaryContractorFull timeThe ideal candidate will have strong hands-on experience building automation frameworks in Python, extensive API testing knowledge, and experience working with PDF libraries and document validation within automated testing environments. Ranked a Top Staffing Firm in the U.S. by Staffing Industry Analysts for six consecutive years, Genesis10 puts thousands of consultants and employees to work across the United States every year in contract, contract-for-hire, and permanent placement roles.
Company ConfidentialJunior-Level System Cybersecurity Analyst/Engineer Company ConfidentialJunior-Level System Cybersecurity Analyst/EngineerWright-Patterson Air Force Bas, OH$77,495–$120,000Full timeDevelop and maintain Risk Management Framework documentation necessary to obtain Authorizations including but not limited to the System Security Plan (SSP), Architecture Analysis Report (AAR), Continuous Monitoring Plan, Security Control Traceability Matrix (SCTM), Security Assessment Report (SAR) and Risk Assessment Report (RAR). The System Cybersecurity Analyst/Engineer is part of a Cyber team tasked with performing system cybersecurity analysis and risk mitigation for new aircraft systems, aircraft system modifications, and aircraft support equipment for the United States Air Force.
Convergix Automation SolutionsApplications Engineer Convergix Automation SolutionsApplications EngineerColumbus, OHAs a team, we are on an improvement journey in pursuit of our vision: to become the ultimate trusted partner to our customers, capable of solving any industrial automation challenge with our passionate people, world-renowned processes, and diverse experience. Your role will entail developing an accurate budget and project proposal, aligning key concept points, sequence of operations, and mechanical descriptions to create a custom integrated system to meet the customer requirements.
Carrier CorporationSales Application Engineer Carrier CorporationSales Application EngineerOH$96,000–$192,000 / yearThrough cutting-edge advancements in climate solutions such as temperature control, air quality and transportation, we improve lives, empower critical industries and ensure safe transport of food, lifesaving medicines and more. The Sales Application Engineer is a critical partner to our sales team, providing technical expertise, strategic support, and solution structuring for complex Applied HVAC equipment selections, proposals, quoting, and submittals.
Amphenol Communications SolutionsField Applications Engineer (FAE) Amphenol Communications SolutionsField Applications Engineer (FAE)Columbus, OHThe FAE engineering team interfaces with customers, internal product development, product marketing, and the extended sales team to provide world-class interconnect solutions to our customers. Including data/telecom, hyper-scale datacenter, enterprise server/storage, consumer devices, telecom networks, networking hardware, industrial & automotive applications & markets.
Field FastenerApplication Engineer Field FastenerApplication EngineerColumbus, Ohiohttps://1976772.fs1.hubspotusercontent-na1.net/hubfs/1976772/TOS-%20Employ%20-%20Field%20Fastener.pdfWe may use artificial intelligence (AI) tools to support parts of the hiring process, such as reviewing applications, analyzing resumes, or assessing responses. This position evaluates fastening applications, recommends technical solutions, supports cost-savings opportunities, validates product performance, and becomes a trusted technical resource for both customers and internal teams.
Turner Construction CoxPL OSM Application Engineer-Structural Turner Construction CoxPL OSM Application Engineer-StructuralColumbus, OHExercise independent judgment in engineering decisions to develop designs and in review and approval of engineering drawings specifications and project documents and confirm coordination of vendor drawings to engineering requirements. Engage in client-facing and cross-functional discussions to coordinate structural designs propose solutions to mitigate risks and finalize structural designs.
Vertiv Group Corp.Application Engineer - Rack & Row Solutions Vertiv Group Corp.Application Engineer - Rack & Row SolutionsDelaware, OHThe Application Engineer supports remote technical sales efforts by providing detailed product information (operation, installation, and configuration), assisting with product sizing and selection, offering competitive cross-references, and supporting Configure-to-Order (CTO) and Engineer-to-Order (ETO) opportunities. The Application Engineer - Rack & Row Solutions provides technical sales support to Vertiv sales representatives, reseller partners, consulting engineers, and customers.
Vertiv Group Corp.Application Engineer - AC Power, GSA Vertiv Group Corp.Application Engineer - AC Power, GSAWesterville, OHThis support includes providing technical information on company products and the application of these products, assistance with custom product features and pricing, ancillary product selection and pricing, and quotation of 3rd party equipment related to company products. Develops clear, concise, and technically sound tailored solutions for customer review and acceptance based on customer requirements and/or RFP''s, ensuring proper scope and required technical specifications are met.
Vertiv Group Corp.Application Engineer - Field Sales Vertiv Group Corp.Application Engineer - Field SalesWesterville, OHAdditional activities include participation or presenting in customer visits, leading customer witness test events in lab environments, giving internal presentations or training to Vertiv colleagues on thermal products, and assisting in the product development process. Assists in developing clear, concise, and technically sound tailored solutions for customer review and acceptance based on customer requirements and/or Request for Proposals (RFPs), ensuring proper scope and required technical specifications are met.
Vertiv Group Corp.Application Engineer - GSA Thermal Management Vertiv Group Corp.Application Engineer - GSA Thermal ManagementWesterville, OHThis role will interface with the appropriate Vertiv Offering Management or Design teams to ensure compliance with project proposals and to provide input as to customer needs into the business. Work with Bid Teams, Sales Offices and Account teams to analyze technical specifications, ensuring that Vertiv products meet customer design intent.
Vertiv Group Corp.Sr. Application Engineer - GSA Vertiv Group Corp.Sr. Application Engineer - GSAWesterville, OHWe design, manufacture and service the mission-critical infrastructure technologies for vital applications in data centers, communication networks and commercial and industrial environments. Work with Bid Teams, Sales Offices and Account teams to analyze technical specifications, ensuring that Vertiv products meet customer design intent.
Honda Motor Co LtdSenior HILS Application Engineer I Honda Motor Co LtdSenior HILS Application Engineer IRaymond, OHQUALIFICATIONS, EXPERIENCE, & SKILLS: Minimum Educational Qualifications: A Bachelor''s or equivalent degree / diploma in Mathematics / Computer Science / Electrical or Eletronics Engineering or, Software Engineering or equivalent relevant work experience. JOB PURPOSE: The HILS Application Engineer III is responsible for the design, assembly, validation, and test deployment of HILS (Hardware-in-the-Loop Simulation) systems to support vehicle embedded software development.
Northwest Savings BankApplication Security Solutions Engineer Northwest Savings BankApplication Security Solutions EngineerColumbus, OHThis role focuses on application security testing, vulnerability remediation tracking, application penetration testing facilitation, and securing AI-enabled applications. The Application Security Solutions Engineer is responsible for supporting the security of the Bank's internally developed, acquired, and third-party applications.
Northwest BankApplication Security Solutions Engineer Northwest BankApplication Security Solutions EngineerColumbus, OhioThis role focuses on application security testing, vulnerability remediation tracking, application penetration testing facilitation, and securing AI-enabled applications. The Application Security Solutions Engineer is responsible for supporting the security of the Bank's internally developed, acquired, and third-party applications.
Cardinal Health IncSr. Application Test Engineer, Program Motion Cardinal Health IncSr. Application Test Engineer, Program MotionDublin, OH$105,100–$165,110 / yearAdditionally, this role collaborates with the Enterprise Testing CoE, including Test Strategists and Test Data Management teams, and oversees engagement with a strategic partner delivering outcomes‑based testing services, ensuring effective transition of automation and testing capabilities to CoE-led sustainment. This role is responsible for defining and executing integrated testing strategies across multiple workstreams, including Warehouse Management (WMS/MAWM), SAP, integrations, automation systems (MHE/WCS/WES), data platforms, and other enterprise applications.
DHL GroupSr Application Support Engineer DHL GroupSr Application Support EngineerWesterville, OHThe Senior Application Support Engineer is responsible for the implementation, support, administration, and maintenance of software applications, primarily focused on Manhattan Active Warehouse Management (MAWM) and other SaaS-based logistics solutions. As part of an AI-focused team, this role is also expected to actively contribute to the continuous improvement of support processes through automation, knowledge optimization, and the adoption of innovative tools and practices.
GracoField Application Engineer GracoField Application EngineerOhioAs the primary point of contact at the assigned facility, the Field Application Engineerwill provide engineering guidance, conduct line audits, maintain spare part inventories, and build strong customer relationships to enhance the Graco experience and contribute to business growth. . Provide expert advice on advanced technical pumping solutions and collaborate with the Product Marketing Manager and engineering team to develop tailored solutions for customer installations.
Accenture PlcEpic Ambulatory Bones Application Engineer Specialist - 6079188 Accenture PlcEpic Ambulatory Bones Application Engineer Specialist - 6079188Columbus, OHIn addition to delivering innovative solutions for Accentures clients, you will work with a highly skilled, diverse network of people across Accenture businesses who are using the latest emerging technologies to address todays biggest business challenges. • They have knowledge of the Epic EMR software, operations and workflow, and work closely with the project teams clinical leaders to translate business needs into EMR functionality and Enhancements.
Cardinal Health IncEngineer, Application and Development, Warehouse Transformation Cardinal Health IncEngineer, Application and Development, Warehouse TransformationDublin, OH$94,900–$135,600 / yearBy leveraging knowledge of software development techniques, platforms, integrations, and operating environments, this function enables effective problem resolution, continuous improvement, and high-quality system performance. Pay at Cardinal Health is determined by multiple factors including, but not limited to, a candidates geographical location, relevant education, experience and skills and an evaluation of internal pay equity.
Ryder System IncApplication Security Engineer Ryder System IncApplication Security EngineerColumbus, OHCompensation Information : The compensation offered to a candidate may be influenced by a variety of factors, including the candidate's relevant experience; education, including relevant degrees or certifications; work location; market data/ranges; internal equity; internal salary ranges; etc. Current Employees : If you are a current employee at Ryder, please click here (http://wd5.myworkday.com/ryder/d/task/1422$3.htmld) to log in to Workday to apply using the internal application process.
Astemo IndianaIT Application Support Engineer Astemo IndianaIT Application Support EngineerSunbury, OhioPull, push, carry, lift or move materials/people/items/equipment weighing up to 50lbs or more during the work shift, with the use of Company provided “reach assistance technology” or “movement assist technology” (fork-lifts, pallet jacks, pulleys, dolly’s, robotics reach equipment, etc.), as required by job duties. Ability to solve complex problems through analysis to propose and implement appropriate countermeasures based on timing, quality, and cost.