Manufacturing Equipment Engineer, Optimus (Night Shift) Tesla IncManufacturing Equipment Engineer, Optimus (Night Shift)Fremont, CA$84,000–$180,000 / yearThey will manage and develop equipment maintenance procedures, train equipment technicians for best practices in maintenance procedures and downtime recovery, and provide support to various products and programs as subject matter experts of similar processes and technologies. The manufacturing equipment engineer is responsible for the performance of equipment used in the production of robotic products and manage tooling designs and upgrades to meet necessary upgrades for OEE performance improvements and product design changes.
Field Service Engineer TMS AmericaField Service EngineerSan Jose, CaliforniaManage onsite replacement parts inventory, track field component usage, and initiate emergency parts orders. • Install advanced semiconductor fabrication machinery and automated precision manufacturing systems at client sites.
Hardware Process Engineer, Optimus Data Collection Tesla IncHardware Process Engineer, Optimus Data CollectionPalo Alto, CA$84,000–$180,000 / yearCollaborate with cross-functional teams-including Mechanical Engineering, Electrical Engineering, Packaging Engineering, Logistics, Production Planning, and Software-to design and improve all aspects of our operations. You will design and implement equipment improvements and workstation layouts while working closely with operations teams through a continuous feedback loop.
Automation Engineer Lawrence Livermore National LaboratoryAutomation EngineerLivermore, CA$146,340–$185,544 / yearYou will bring hands-on experience programming robotics and PLCs, supporting the commissioning of safety-compliant systems, and designing and building physical systems, including electrical panels, robotic cells, complex electromechanical systems, and safety systems. Leverage industry-proven industrial automation technologies, including but not limited to programmable logic controllers (PLCs), human-machine interfaces (HMIs), machine vision systems, sensors, actuators, and various robot systems.
Embodied AI Engineer LG Electronics IncEmbodied AI EngineerSanta Clara, CAVLA diffusionflow-matching policies for manipulation or locomotionBuilding data pipelines for robot learning simulation teleoperation generative data augmentationDeveloping and maintaining robot system infrastructure for robot manipulators or mobile robots RGBDepth cameras FTtactile sensorsExcellent written and verbal communication skills with the ability to work closely with research scientists and translate ideas into shipped systems. Expected QualificationsBachelors degree and 5 years of relevant industry andor research experience or Masters degree and 3 years of relevant industry andor research experience in Computer Science Mechanical Engineering Electrical Engineering or a related technical field.
Staff Manufacturing Test Engineer, Optimus Tesla IncStaff Manufacturing Test Engineer, OptimusFremont, CA$156,000–$234,000 / yearDeep hands-on expertise in testing complex systems, including PCBA, IMU (Inertial Measurement Units), force-sensitive sensors, linear/rotary actuators, dynos, harnesses, cameras, mic/speaker systems, or high-performance computing hardware. Manage a team of Test Engineers & technicians, providing mentorship, performance guidance, and resource allocation to deliver on project timelines; foster a collaborative environment to drive innovation and problem-solving across the group.
Semiconductor Equipment Engineer Atomic SemiSemiconductor Equipment EngineerSan Francisco, California$115,000–$160,000 / yearThey will work closely with both hardware engineers and process engineers to ensure maximum up-time for tools, to document common failure modes, and to improve equipment reliability, throughput, and process capability. Define and review regularly the minimum (reorder) and maximum spares quantities on critical and long lead items to ensure inventories are at the correct level to support equipment maintenance and repair effort.
Embedded Software Engineer - Body Systems Zoox IncEmbedded Software Engineer - Body SystemsFoster City, CA$140,000–$170,000 / yearYou will work closely with vehicle engineers, systems engineers, controls engineers, electrical engineers, and suppliers to create a seamless and highly automated rider experience for the Zoox vehicle. Work cross-functionally with vehicle engineers, controls engineers, electrical engineers, validation engineers, and other experts to ensure a seamless and highly-automated experience for the Zoox vehicle.
Senior / Staff Mechanical Engineer - R&D Fulfil SolutionsSenior / Staff Mechanical Engineer - R&DMountain View, CA$135,000–$175,000 / yearFulfil is a well-funded, rapidly growing, and inclusive company that has developed a custom automation robotics system to pick and pack online orders of groceries and other consumables, bringing delight and a value proposition to consumers that doesn’t exist today. You will have ownership of our automation equipment with a focus on upgrading the current design for robust performance, cost down, mass deployment and manufacturing, and certification while ensuring that design intentions are achieved and maintained through generational changes.
Hardware Support Engineer II Dyna RoboticsHardware Support Engineer IIRedwood City, CaliforniaYou will independently drive hardware builds, diagnostics, validation efforts, and quality control initiatives while improving lab processes and supporting cross-functional engineering initiatives. Independently fabricate, assemble, integrate, and validate robotic prototypes, including mechanical assemblies, electrical systems, wire harnesses, and electro-mechanical subsystems.
Aerospace Harnessing Engineer (Launch Vehicle Avionics) The Valentino GroupAerospace Harnessing Engineer (Launch Vehicle Avionics)Alameda, CaliforniaAs a Harnessing Engineer, you'll own the design and execution of flight and test harnesses that connect avionics, sensors, power systems, and vehicle subsystems—ensuring reliability in extreme environments. Youll work closely with mechanical, thermal, electrical, integration, and manufacturing teams to deliver harness systems that are safe, lightweight, manufacturable, and flight-ready.
NewHardware Test Engineer, Droid - Ground Systems Zipline International IncHardware Test Engineer, Droid - Ground SystemsSouth San Francisco, CAAs we scale toward thousands of units in production and tens of thousands of flight cycles per unit, we need someone to own the ground testing that makes that scale credible - every fixture, life-test rig, environmental chamber, and automated bring-up station that proves the droid and zipping point work reliably together while exceeding our reliability targets. Our customers include the world's largest and most prominent healthcare systems, governments, retailers, restaurants and global businesses who rely on us to save lives, reduce emissions, increase economic opportunity, and provide delivery from point A to point B as fast as possible.
Test Engineer Elroy Air IncTest EngineerCA$118,000–$190,000 / yearCross-Functional Collaboration: Partner closely with Design, Systems, and Flight Test engineering teams to translate high-level aircraft requirements into verifiable, concrete physical test criteria. Safety & Regulatory Compliance: Maintain a safe testing environment by adhering to strict laboratory and field safety protocols, ensuring all documentation supports our FAA and UAS certification pathways.
Supplier Industrialization Engineer Zipline International IncSupplier Industrialization EngineerSouth San Francisco, CAOur customers include the world's largest and most prominent healthcare systems, governments, retailers, restaurants and global businesses who rely on us to save lives, reduce emissions, increase economic opportunity, and provide delivery from point A to point B as fast as possible. Today, Zipline operates on four continents, makes a delivery somewhere in the world every 30 seconds, and has completed millions of deliveries to date, including blood, vaccines, medical supplies, food, and retail products.
Senior RF Desense Engineer Zipline International IncSenior RF Desense EngineerSouth San Francisco, CAWorking closely with electrical, mechanical, antenna, manufacturing, reliability, and systems teams, you will develop scalable shielding solutions that enable simultaneous operation of multiple high-power transmitters and high-sensitivity receivers-including precision GNSS systems-while meeting aggressive performance, reliability, manufacturability, weight, cost, and product lifetime requirements. Strong understanding of electromagnetic coupling mechanisms including conducted emissions, radiated emissions, harmonics, intermodulation, passive intermodulation, broadband digital noise, common-mode currents, grounding topology, shielding effectiveness, enclosure resonance, and practical mitigation techniques.
Senior Antenna Design Engineer Zipline International IncSenior Antenna Design EngineerSouth San Francisco, CAOur customers include the world's largest and most prominent healthcare systems, governments, retailers, restaurants and global businesses who rely on us to save lives, reduce emissions, increase economic opportunity, and provide delivery from point A to point B as fast as possible. Work on antenna arrays, distributed antenna systems, single aperture antennas as well as co-located antenna integrations to deliver on radiated performance, and support cross functionally to deliver: coexistence, desense, regulatory and product level requirements.
Supply Chain Engineer Human Computer LabSupply Chain EngineerSan Francisco, CaliforniaYou'll work at the intersection of engineering and operations — evaluating suppliers, managing BOM cost and lead-time risk, and partnering with contract manufacturers to turn designs into build-ready hardware. You'll work closely with the CEO and founding team to build the supply chain function from the ground up as the company scales from small-batch builds to larger production runs.
Mechatronics Engineer MenloMechatronics EngineerSan Francisco, CaliforniaThis is hands-on R&D: designing actuator and joint assemblies, integrating motors, sensors, and control electronics, prototyping fast, and iterating until it works on a real robot. You don't need deep AI expertise for every role, but we do expect everyone at Menlo to be intellectually curious, drawn to tinkering and discovery, and excited to use AI as a real collaborator in their work.
NewElectrical Harness Connector Engineer / Librarian ALTEN Technology USAElectrical Harness Connector Engineer / LibrarianFoster City, CA$110,000–$130,000 / yearEvaluate and validate the electrical and mechanical parameters of connectors (pin-out, current/voltage rating, signal integrity, mating cycles, sealing, keying, etc.) to confirm suitability for use in downstream EE and mechanical designs. We're ALTEN Technology USA, an engineering company helping clients bring groundbreaking ideas to life—from advancing space exploration and life-saving medical devices to building autonomous electric vehicles.
NewElectrical Harness Connector Engineer / Librarian ALTEN TechnologyElectrical Harness Connector Engineer / LibrarianFoster City, California$110,000–$130,000 / yearEvaluate and validate the electrical and mechanical parameters of connectors (pin-out, current/voltage rating, signal integrity, mating cycles, sealing, keying, etc.) to confirm suitability for use in downstream EE and mechanical designs. We’re ALTEN Technology USA, an engineering company helping clients bring groundbreaking ideas to life—from advancing space exploration and life-saving medical devices to building autonomous electric vehicles.
Product Support Engineer Intern Skydio IncProduct Support Engineer InternSan Mateo, CA$47–$58 / hourDuring this 8-10 week program, you'll utilize your knowledge of electrical/mechanical engineering along with basic software skills to assist in root cause failure investigations, triage technical customer failure escalation reports to various Skydio Engineering teams, and work with the manufacturing teams on quality improvement signals coming from customers. The Skydio team combines deep expertise in artificial intelligence, best-in-class hardware and software product development, operational excellence, and customer obsession to empower a broader, more diverse audience of drone users, from utility inspectors to first responders, soldiers in battlefield scenarios, and beyond.
Quality Engineer Western MagneticsQuality EngineerSouth San Francisco, CaliforniaYou will own quality systems and processes, drive root cause analysis and corrective actions, and partner closely with design, manufacturing, supply chain, and customer teams to uphold product excellence and customer satisfaction. Westmag is the American manufacturer of drone motors and robot actuators, backed by Andreessen Horowitz, Founders Fund, Lux Capital, NFDG, Menlo Ventures, and other top investors.
Backend Software Engineer MaticBackend Software EngineerMenlo Park, CaliforniaOur breakthroughs in spatial AI allow Matic to work reliably in real homes, using only RGB cameras and neural networks running on-device. Collaborate closely with Mechanical Engineering, Electrical Engineering, and Production teams to bring tooling needs to life.
Senior Manufacturing Design Engineer MaticSenior Manufacturing Design EngineerMenlo Park, CaliforniaFMEA & Root Cause Analysis: Monitor production issues, analyze yield data, perform root cause analysis, and drive corrective actions to quickly recover the production line. Cross-Functional Collaboration: Work closely with product design, quality, and manufacturing teams to troubleshoot production issues and support new product launches.
Lead Software Engineer Rethink recruitLead Software EngineerSan Francisco, CaliforniaAbout Droyd Droyd builds autonomous robots for data center operations — GPU repairs, precision cabling, SSD replacements — solving genuinely hard dexterous tasks in controlled industrial environments. The company is building a 6-DOF robotic arm on a mobile base that automates routine tasks in data centers, with a vertically integrated hardware and software stack.
Senior Electrical Design Engineer MaticSenior Electrical Design EngineerMenlo Park, CaliforniaSubsystem design and prototyping, component selection, schematic capture, prototype bring-up and debugging, hardware bug tracking, functional verification, and signal characterization. Our breakthroughs in spatial AI allow Matic to work reliably in real homes, using only RGB cameras and neural networks running on-device.
Manufacturing Engineer Western MagneticsManufacturing EngineerSouth San Francisco, CAWestmag is the American manufacturer of drone motors and robot actuators, backed by Andreessen Horowitz, Founders Fund, Lux Capital, NFDG, Menlo Ventures, and other top investors. This job description reflects the general nature of work currently assigned to this role; it is not exhaustive and does not restrict Westmag's right to revise duties or assign other duties as business needs change.
Optical Engineer NeuralinkOptical EngineerSouth San Francisco, CA$86,000–$143,000 / yearWe are responsible for all optical engineering aspects of Neuralink surgeries, which includes working on our surgical robotics, supporting operating room equipment, and manufacturing custom consumables. As we manufacture a significant portion of our hardware in-house, our core activities include bring-up testing, designing hardware acceptance testers, and overseeing manufacturing processes.
Test Engineer Western MagneticsTest EngineerSouth San Francisco, CAThe company designs and manufactures its products in South San Francisco, committed to building and scaling in the U.S. to serve the global market. Westmag is headquartered in South San Francisco and is backed by Andreessen Horowitz, Founders Fund, Lux Capital, NFDG, Menlo Ventures, and other top investors.
Senior Quality Engineer, Advanced Hardware Manufacturing ZooxSenior Quality Engineer, Advanced Hardware ManufacturingFremont, CA$178,000–$214,000 / yearLead Production Part Approval Process (PPAP) and guide teams to create quality documents including detailed Process Flow Diagrams, Process Failure Mode Analysis (PFMEA), Inspection Reports, Dimensional reports, Functional Test Reports (FTR's), Process Certs, Material Certs, Rework instructions, Temporary Deviation Orders (TDO's), Packaging Reports, Part Submission Warrants (PSW's) in various quality databases including ETQ, Jira, RGBSI, 3DX, and other Internal Quality Logs. 8+ years of proven progressive manufacturing/design quality experience setting up and sustaining new complex serialized electro-mechanical manufacturing lines (Automotive, Robotics, Aerospace, Complex Capital Equipment).
Lead System Testing Engineer Noble MachinesLead System Testing EngineerSunnyvale, CaliforniaYou will operate the robot directly to stress test real-world performance, design and execute test plans, analyze logs and data, and produce clear reports that enable engineers to improve reliability and capability. Noble Machines (formerly Under Control Robotics, UCR) builds general-purpose robots that take on hazardous and physically demanding industrial tasks, enabling a safer, more efficient, and more productive world.
Staff Systems Engineer, Driving Behaviors Waymo LLCStaff Systems Engineer, Driving BehaviorsMountain View, CA$230,000–$284,000 / yearSince its start as the Google Self-Driving Car Project in 2009, Waymo has focused on building the Waymo Driver-The World''s Most Experienced Driver-to improve access to mobility while saving thousands of lives now lost to traffic crashes. The Waymo Driver has provided over ten million rider-only trips, enabled by its experience autonomously driving over 100 million miles on public roads and tens of billions in simulation across 15+ U.S. states.
Sr. Staff Software Engineer, Pose, Localization & Calibration, Autonomy RivianSr. Staff Software Engineer, Pose, Localization & Calibration, AutonomyPalo Alto, California$265,000–$331,300 / yearFull timeRivian may use your Candidate Personal Data for the purposes of (i) tracking interactions with our recruiting system; (ii) carrying out, analyzing and improving our application and recruitment process, including assessing you and your application and conducting employment, background and reference checks; (iii) establishing an employment relationship or entering into an employment contract with you; (iv) complying with our legal, regulatory and corporate governance obligations; (v) recordkeeping; (vi) ensuring network and information security and preventing fraud; and (vii) as otherwise required or permitted by applicable law. Rivian may share your Candidate Personal Data with (i) internal personnel who have a need to know such information in order to perform their duties, including individuals on our People Team, Finance, Legal, and the team(s) with the position(s) for which you are applying; (ii) Rivian affiliates; and (iii) Rivian’s service providers, including providers of background checks, staffing services, and cloud services.
Sr. Software Engineer, Pose, Localization & Calibration, Autonomy RivianSr. Software Engineer, Pose, Localization & Calibration, AutonomyPalo Alto, CaliforniaFull timeRivian may use your Candidate Personal Data for the purposes of (i) tracking interactions with our recruiting system; (ii) carrying out, analyzing and improving our application and recruitment process, including assessing you and your application and conducting employment, background and reference checks; (iii) establishing an employment relationship or entering into an employment contract with you; (iv) complying with our legal, regulatory and corporate governance obligations; (v) recordkeeping; (vi) ensuring network and information security and preventing fraud; and (vii) as otherwise required or permitted by applicable law. Rivian may share your Candidate Personal Data with (i) internal personnel who have a need to know such information in order to perform their duties, including individuals on our People Team, Finance, Legal, and the team(s) with the position(s) for which you are applying; (ii) Rivian affiliates; and (iii) Rivian’s service providers, including providers of background checks, staffing services, and cloud services.
Hardware Test Engineer Western MagneticsHardware Test EngineerSouth San Francisco, CAWestmag is the American manufacturer of drone motors and robot actuators, backed by Andreessen Horowitz, Founders Fund, Lux Capital, NFDG, Menlo Ventures, and other top investors. As a Hardware Test Engineer at Westmag, you will play a critical role in ensuring the reliability and performance of our drone motors and robotic actuators.
Motor/Actuator Design Engineer Western MagneticsMotor/Actuator Design EngineerSouth San Francisco, CAWestmag is the American manufacturer of drone motors and robot actuators, backed by Andreessen Horowitz, Founders Fund, Lux Capital, NFDG, Menlo Ventures, and other top investors. As a Motor/Actuator Design Engineer at Westmag, you will play a critical role in the design and development of advanced drone motors and robotic actuators.
Software Engineer - Behavior Capabilities ZooxSoftware Engineer - Behavior CapabilitiesFoster City, CA$189,000–$270,000 / yearLeveling, as well as positioning within a level, is determined by a range of factors, including, but not limited to, a candidate's relevant years of experience, domain knowledge, and interview performance. The focus of the team includes developing behavioral and motion planning algorithms to improve trip progress, vehicle uptime metrics, and correspondingly a better customer experience.
Senior Software Engineer, Collision Avoidance Testing Nuro IncSenior Software Engineer, Collision Avoidance TestingMountain View, CA$160,360–$291,150 / yearAs a Senior Software Engineer, Collision Avoidance Testing, you will work closely with the onboard autonomy, evaluation infrastructure, data science, operations, and simulation teams to evaluate the performance of the autonomous vehicle in collision avoidance scenarios. Identify and design realistic scenarios to drive test coverage of collision avoidance scenarios and collision detection scenarios using replay simulations of logs and synthetic simulation of third-party accident reconstructions.
Hardware Test and Validation Engineer Gatik.aiHardware Test and Validation EngineerMountain View, CA$160,000–$220,000 / yearGiven extensive knowledge of Gatiks well-defined, fixed route ODDs and hybrid architecture, we are able to hyper-optimize our models with exponentially less data, establish gate-keeping mechanisms to maintain explainability, and ensure continued safety of the system for unmanned operations. Who we are Gatik, the leader in autonomous middle-mile logistics, is revolutionizing the B2B supply chain with its autonomous transportation-as-a-service (ATaaS) solution and prioritizing safe, consistent deliveries while streamlining freight movement by reducing congestion.
Sr. Controls, Modeling, and Simulation Engineer RivianSr. Controls, Modeling, and Simulation EngineerPalo Alto, California$179,000–$223,800 / yearFull timeRivian may use your Candidate Personal Data for the purposes of (i) tracking interactions with our recruiting system; (ii) carrying out, analyzing and improving our application and recruitment process, including assessing you and your application and conducting employment, background and reference checks; (iii) establishing an employment relationship or entering into an employment contract with you; (iv) complying with our legal, regulatory and corporate governance obligations; (v) recordkeeping; (vi) ensuring network and information security and preventing fraud; and (vii) as otherwise required or permitted by applicable law. Rivian may share your Candidate Personal Data with (i) internal personnel who have a need to know such information in order to perform their duties, including individuals on our People Team, Finance, Legal, and the team(s) with the position(s) for which you are applying; (ii) Rivian affiliates; and (iii) Rivian’s service providers, including providers of background checks, staffing services, and cloud services.
Electrical Design Engineer MaticElectrical Design EngineerMenlo Park, CaliforniaRapid prototyping, component selection, schematic capture, prototype bring-up and debugging, hardware bug tracking, functional verification, and signal characterization. Our breakthroughs in spatial AI allow Matic to work reliably in real homes, using only RGB cameras and neural networks running on-device.
Senior Systems Integration Engineer, Thermal ZooxSenior Systems Integration Engineer, ThermalFoster City, CA$196,000–$236,000 / yearCollaboration with cross-functional teams is essential, as you'll work with vehicle integration, feature integration, firmware, and vehicle component development teams to deliver the overall reliability and performance of our cutting-edge vehicles. We are looking for an engineer who is passionate about developing a groundbreaking Robotaxi, has a strong system engineering background, has extensive thermal system experience, has system problem-solving skills, and has a commitment to delivering on time.
Sr. Quality Assurance & Reliability Engineer Reliable RoboticsSr. Quality Assurance & Reliability EngineerMountain View, CAPartner with design, manufacturing, and test teams through product development, acceptance testing, and quality checkouts to create reliable hardware verification for flight components and systems, including identification of key operating characteristics, prototype development testing for functionality and manufacturability, flight and prototype planning development, and collation of test anomalies and lessons learned. You will be responsible for the strategy and execution of the quality management system, risk mitigation, risk prevention, design reliability, hardware reliability, flight reliability, test validation, and production optimization.
Senior/Staff Software Engineer - Behavior Capabilities ZooxSenior/Staff Software Engineer - Behavior CapabilitiesFoster City, CA$242,000–$349,000 / yearLeveling, as well as positioning within a level, is determined by a range of factors, including, but not limited to, a candidate's relevant years of experience, domain knowledge, and interview performance. The focus of the team includes developing behavioral and motion planning algorithms to improve trip progress, vehicle uptime metrics, and correspondingly a better customer experience.
Compute Platform System Safety Engineer ZooxCompute Platform System Safety EngineerFoster City, CALead cross-functional technical projects, including interactions with teams such as Software, Hardware, Operations, Data Science, V&V to ensure we have the appropriate data to support our arguments and solutions that can meet our requirements. BS or MS in a related technical field, such as Electrical/Electronics Engineering, Computer Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Computer Science, Robotics, Mechatronics, etc.
Software Development Engineer in Test, Platform Safety Assurance ZooxSoftware Development Engineer in Test, Platform Safety AssuranceFoster City, CAThe ideal candidate is passionate about developing high-quality, robust, optimized, and reusable software infrastructure, and is eager to advance their skills in complex systems thinking and validation problem-solving. Here at Zoox, we know that diverse perspectives foster the innovation we need to be successful, and we are committed to building a team that encompasses a variety of backgrounds, experiences, and skills.
Sr. Flight Test Engineer Reliable RoboticsSr. Flight Test EngineerMountain View, CAIn your role as Senior Flight Test Engineer, you will verify the function and capabilities of modified flight control systems, for a remotely operated autoflight system. Prior experience drafting test plans, test cards, test hazard analyses, and acting as test director during a flight/mission.
Sr. Electrical Systems Engineer Reliable RoboticsSr. Electrical Systems EngineerMountain View, CA$180,000–$260,000 / yearYou will be the owner of multiple components (IMUs, air data computers, batteries) and will be responsible for how they are installed in the aircraft, verified, and certified at the aircraft level. Your work will help bring together mechanical, electrical, GNC, and safety requirements to produce complex components that are key to the success of our efforts to automate aviation.
Staff Industrial Engineer Flex LtdStaff Industrial EngineerMilpitas, CA$140,100–$192,600 / yearThe experience we're looking to add to our team: Bachelor's degree and/or master's degree in industrial engineering, Manufacturing Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Operations Engineering, or related technical discipline. The Staff Industrial Engineer will be responsible for driving operational excellence through advanced industrial engineering strategies, capacity planning, productivity improvements, factory optimization, and automation initiatives.
Staff Supplier Industrialization Engineer Ceribell IncStaff Supplier Industrialization EngineerSunnyvale, CA$142,000–$169,000 / yearThe Ceribell System is a novel, point-of-care electroencephalography ("EEG") platform specifically designed to address the unmet needs of patients in the acute care setting, and is being used in hundreds of community hospitals, large academic facilities and major IDN''s across the country. You will lead NPI industrialization, evaluate and approve engineering solutions across our global vendor manufacturing sites, vendor manufacturing process and capacity post-launch, conduct robust should-cost analyses, and qualify automation systems to scale capacity.