NewCMHC Global Force USACMHCFrenchburg, KYon the Student Health Record (SHR) and Job Corps Health and Wellness Program forms; • participate in the management of, and provide written diagnoses for, a chronic care management plan for students with chronic conditions/disability related to mental health conditions, when appropriate; • collaborate with Substance Abuse Counselor (TEAP) on services for students with co-occurring conditions of mental health issues and substance use; • coordinate with center physician and Health & Wellness Manager (HWM) to discuss long-term medication management and Schedule II prescription management; • participate in Reasonable Accommodation Committee (RAC) meetings & file applicant review team meetings during regular scheduled hours, when requested; • assist students to acquire health-related skills and knowledge of healthy mental health care; • attend conference calls, webinars, and DOL Training, as available during regular scheduled hours of service; • maintain, safeguard, and ensure the confidentiality of all required student health records in accordance with the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA); Candidates with active, unrestricted licenses other than specified above, who are qualified to provide mental health counseling services in the State where services are to be performance, MAY be considered at the sole discretion of the Government and would require a waiver prior to providing services.
Mental Health Therapist Supervisor Gotham Enterprises LtdMental Health Therapist SupervisorLexington, KY$100–$250 / hourEligible license types may include Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist (LMFT), Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor (LPCC), Licensed Psychologist, Licensed Psychological Practitioner (LPP), or Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW). Gotham Enterprises Ltd is looking for Kentucky supervisors who can provide helpful, practical guidance to mental health professionals working toward licensure.
Kentucky - Contract Therapist Talkspace Remote Therapist RolesKentucky - Contract TherapistKentuckyWith Talkspace’s core therapy offerings, members are matched with one of thousands of licensed therapists within days and can engage in live video, audio, or chat sessions, and/or unlimited asynchronous text messaging sessions. We encourage you to apply, even if you don’t meet every qualification or if your path has been nontraditional — such as not completing a formal degree program, taking a career break, or having a prior criminal record — if you believe you could make a great addition to this team.
Mental Health Therapist CommonSpirit HealthMental Health TherapistLexington, KYThese include: group therapy; family therapy; individual therapy; if certified, sexual offender therapy; if credentialed, play therapy or EMDR; psycho education, discharge planning and coordinating with community, government and mental health agencies to obtain aftercare services necessary to reduce and prevent relapse. Utilizes knowledge of professional social work in collecting and reviewing data collected from patients, their families, outside sources such as school & outpatient therapist to assess the patient's psychological, social and discharge needs.
Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrician Norton Medical GroupDevelopmental and Behavioral PediatricianLouisville, KYThe selected candidate will join two developmental-behavioral pediatricians and one advanced practice provider in evaluating children with various developmental conditions, such as global developmental delay, intellectual developmental disorder, autism spectrum disorder, complex attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, in-utero drug exposure, fetal alcohol syndrome, behavioral issues associated with chronic illnesses and prematurity, and feeding disorder of oral-sensorimotor or behavioral origin. The team is composed of two developmental-behavioral pediatricians, five pediatric psychologists, one advanced practice registered nurse, two speech-language pathologists, one occupational therapist, one dietitian and one licensed clinical social worker who collaborate to deliver evidence-based, family-centered, community-responsive diagnostic and therapeutic services to children with complex developmental needs.
NewEpileptologist – Norton Neuroscience Institute – Louisville, KY Norton Medical GroupEpileptologist – Norton Neuroscience Institute – Louisville, KYLouisville, KYCompetitive compensation package, including sign-on bonus and relocation assistance Up to $100,000 recruiting incentive for candidates coming out of residency or fellowship and a $60,000 retention bonus for experienced physicians relocating into the market. Opportunity to participate in dedicated specialty clinics (ketogenic diet and neurogenetics), a monthly multidisciplinary refractory epilepsy conference and weekly neuroscience case conferences.
NewPsychotherapist (LCSW, LPCC, LMFT, PsyD, PhD) Telos Health SystemsPsychotherapist (LCSW, LPCC, LMFT, PsyD, PhD)Hopkinsville, KentuckyAll service areas available - Paducah, Fulton, Bardwell, Mayfield, Clinton, Fulton, Hopkinsville, Greenville, and Monticello, KY Service areas also available - Paducah, Bardwell, Mayfield, Clinton, Fulton, Hopkinsville, Greenville, and Monticello, KY Job Summary Telos Health Systems is seeking a Psychotherapist (LCSW, LPCC, LMFT, or Licensed Psychologist – PsyD/Ph. For LCSW, LPCC, LMFT: Assuming Full-Time, 75 units/week (15 units/day), a Psychology provider could estimate they will earn $90k - $100k/year.
NewMental Health Therapist II, Peace Hospital, Crossroads North UofL HealthMental Health Therapist II, Peace Hospital, Crossroads NorthLouisville, KentuckyLicensure: Current independent licensure as a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW), Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor (LPCC), Licensed Marriage & Family Therapist (LMFT), or Licensed Clinical Alcohol & Drug Counselor (LCADC), in the state of KY (required). UofL Health is a fully integrated regional academic health system with five hospitals, four medical centers, nearly 200 physician practice locations, more than 700 providers, the Frazier Rehab Institute and Brown Cancer Center.
THERAPIST (LICENSED) University Health Services IncTHERAPIST (LICENSED)LOUISVILLE, KYMajor job functions include: obtaining psycho-social assessments; conducting family/group therapy on assigned cases; complete documentation per hospital policy and procedure; case coordination; coordinate discharge planning; assist in developing and maintaining community resource information; performs marketing functions as assigned; assists in the maintenance of the program environment in compliance with policies of safety and security; ensures good clinical judgment to ensure optimum patient care; participate in continuing education activities. The Brook Hospitals prides itself upon the fact that our patients are referred directly to us by local professionals and organizations: physicians, psychologists, social workers, employee assistance professionals, community mental health centers, hospitals, schools, courts, social service agencies and managed care organizations.
Field Care Manager; Behavioral Health - Eastern KY Humana IncField Care Manager; Behavioral Health - Eastern KYKY$65,000–$88,600 / yearIndividual must carry vehicle insurance in accordance with their residing state minimum required limits, or $25,000 bodily injury per person/$25,000 bodily injury per event /$10,000 for property damage or whichever is higher. Through our Humana insurance services and our CenterWell healthcare services, we make it easier for the millions of people we serve to achieve their best health - delivering the care and service they need, when they need it.
Recovery Therapist SEP Summit Medical GroupRecovery TherapistCovington, KentuckySt. Elizabeth Physicians is a physician led multi-specialty physician group organization consisting of 517 physicians, 334 advanced practice providers and more than 2,000 non-provider associates. Elizabeth Physicians is a physician led multi-specialty physician group organization consisting of 451 physicians, 244 advanced practice providers and more than 2,200 non-provider associates.
Associate Division Chief Developmental Pediatrics Norton HealthcareAssociate Division Chief Developmental PediatricsLouisville, KentuckyFull timeThe selected candidate will join four other developmental-behavioral pediatricians and one advanced practice provider in evaluating children with various developmental conditions such as global developmental delay, intellectual developmental disorder, autism spectrum disorder, complex attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, in-utero drug exposure, fetal alcohol syndrome, behavioral issues associated with chronic illnesses and prematurity, and feeding disorder of oral-sensorimotor or behavioral origin. The team is composed of developmental behavioral pediatricians, pediatric psychologists, an advanced practice provider, speech therapists, occupational therapists, a registered dietitian and a licensed clinical social worker who collaborate to deliver evidence-based, family-centered, community-responsive diagnostic and therapeutic services to children with complex developmental needs.
Therapeutic Counselor SevitaTherapeutic CounselorLexington, KY$53,000–$69,000 / yearThe following licenses can be accepted: Psychologist, Licensed Psychological Associate (LPA), Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW), Advanced Practice Registered Nurse (APRN), Certified Alcohol and Drug Counselor (CADC), Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist (LMFT), Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor (LPCC), Licensed Clinical Alcohol and Drug Counselor Associate (LCADCA), Licensed Clinical Alcohol and Drug Counselor (LCADC). In a variety of locations and community-based settings, we offer a range of programs, including vocational and therapy programs, day treatments, and specialized services for infants, children, adolescents, Military Service Members and Veterans.
NewPediatric Gastroenterologist | Faculty Appointment - Louisville, KY Norton Medical GroupPediatric Gastroenterologist | Faculty Appointment - Louisville, KYLouisville, KYNorton Childrens Gastroenterology, affiliated with the UofL School of Medicine, and part of Norton Childrens Medical Group, is seeking board-certified, fellowship-trained pediatric gastroenterologists to join our growing team of six physicians, three nurse practitioners, a registered dietitian, a psychologist and a licensed clinical social worker. Norton Childrens Gastroenterology providers are active participants in the ImproveCareNow network, a community of clinicians, researchers and families working together for children with Crohns disease and inflammatory bowel disease.
ESL Teacher The Stepping Stones Group LLCESL TeacherRussellville, KYCenter-Based ABA Therapy. Summer Intensive Program.
Speech Language Pathologist (SLP) The Stepping Stones Group LLCSpeech Language Pathologist (SLP)Jamestown, KYCenter-Based ABA Therapy. Summer Intensive Program.
Recovery Therapist St. Elizabeth HealthcareRecovery TherapistCovington, KYAbout St. Elizabeth: St. Elizabeth Physicians is a physician led multi-specialty physician group organization consisting of 517 physicians, 334 advanced practice providers and more than 2,000 non-provider associates. Elizabeth Physicians is a physician led multi-specialty physician group organization consisting of 451 physicians, 244 advanced practice providers and more than 2,200 non-provider associates.
NewPediatric Heart Failure/Heart Transplant Cardiologist Norton Medical GroupPediatric Heart Failure/Heart Transplant CardiologistLouisville, KYNorton Childrens Heart Institute offers full-service congenital heart disease care, including complex neonatal surgery; pediatric ventricular. Dedicated team of two heart failure and heart transplant cardiologists, two dedicated nurse practitioners, two transplant coordinators, a.
Case Manager II PRN Knight Health Holdings LLCCase Manager II PRNLouisville, KYExcellent interpersonal, verbal and written skills in order to communicate effectively and to obtain cooperation/collaboration from hospital leadership, as well as physicians, payors and other external customers Demonstrates good interpersonal skills when working or interacting with patients, their families and other staff members. Kindred Hospital Louisville is a 123-bed long-term acute care hospital offering the same in-depth care you would receive in a traditional hospital, but for an extended recovery period; including 16 Special Care Unit beds and 4 negative pressure rooms.
Case Manager II Knight Health Holdings LLCCase Manager IILouisville, KYRemains current from a knowledge base perspective regarding reimbursement modalities, community resources, case management, psychosocial and legal issues that affect patients and providers of care. Coordinates with interdisciplinary care team, physicians, patients, families, post-acute providers, payors, and others in the planning of the patients' care throughout the care continuum.
Behavioral Health Therapist AdventHealthBehavioral Health TherapistManchester, KY$42,516.14–$79,072.59 / yearWork Experience: 1+ full time experience providing clinical counseling as a lpcc, lpca, lcsw, mfta, or lmft [Required]. Knowledge, Skills, and Abilities: Skills necessary for individual, marital, family and group psychotherapy as well as other recognized treatment modalities.
Inpatient Therapist CSW, LCSW, LPCC, LMFT, Licensed Psychologist PRN University Health Services IncInpatient Therapist CSW, LCSW, LPCC, LMFT, Licensed Psychologist PRNRADCLIFF, KYOperating acute care hospitals, behavioral health facilities, outpatient facilities and ambulatory care access points, an insurance offering, a physician network and various related services located all over the U.S. states, Washington, D.C., Puerto Rico and the United Kingdom. Notice At UHS and all our subsidiaries, our Human Resources departments and recruiters are here to help prospective candidates by matching skillset and experience with the best possible career path at UHS and our subsidiaries.
Outpatient Therapist CSW, LCSW, LPCC, LMFT, Licensed Psychologist - PRN University Health Services IncOutpatient Therapist CSW, LCSW, LPCC, LMFT, Licensed Psychologist - PRNRadcliff, KYOperating acute care hospitals, behavioral health facilities, outpatient facilities and ambulatory care access points, an insurance offering, a physician network and various related services located all over the U.S. states, Washington, D.C., Puerto Rico and the United Kingdom. About Universal Health Services One of the nation's largest and most respected providers of hospital and healthcare services, Universal Health Services, Inc. (UHS) has built an impressive record of achievement and performance.
CF Speech Language Pathologist The Stepping Stones Group LLCCF Speech Language PathologistDixon, KYCenter-Based ABA Therapy. Summer Intensive Program.
Inpatient Therapist CSW, LCSW, LPCC, LMFT, Licensed Psychologist Full-Time University Health Services IncInpatient Therapist CSW, LCSW, LPCC, LMFT, Licensed Psychologist Full-TimeRADCLIFF, KYOperating acute care hospitals, behavioral health facilities, outpatient facilities and ambulatory care access points, an insurance offering, a physician network and various related services located all over the U.S. states, Washington, D.C., Puerto Rico and the United Kingdom. Notice At UHS and all our subsidiaries, our Human Resources departments and recruiters are here to help prospective candidates by matching skillset and experience with the best possible career path at UHS and our subsidiaries.
Licensed Therapist (LCSW or LMFT) – Women's Health Work with WillowLicensed Therapist (LCSW or LMFT) – Women's HealthLouisville, KentuckyRemoteThis position allows clinicians to focus on patient care while receiving support from a dedicated administrative team that assists with scheduling, intake paperwork, releases, and appointment coordination. Work with Willow has partnered with a client organization that provides virtual mental health services to individuals seeking convenient access to quality care.
Licensed Mental Health Therapist (Kentucky) SonderMind Inc.Licensed Mental Health Therapist (Kentucky)Louisville, KY$90–$113 / hourFree and stress-free credentialing with major insurers: We have streamlined the credentialing process and handle all the hard stuff for you so that you can expand your practice by accepting insurance from major payors in your state in weeks, not months. Please note that SonderMind does not provide office space; therapists are responsible for securing their own location for in-person sessions, but we can help connect you with other SonderMind therapists looking to share space.
Licensed Mental Health Therapist (Kentucky) SonderMindLicensed Mental Health Therapist (Kentucky)Louisville, Kentucky$90–$113 / hourFree and stress-free credentialing with major insurers: We have streamlined the credentialing process and handle all the hard stuff for you so that you can expand your practice by accepting insurance from major payors in your state in weeks, not months. *Please note that SonderMind does not provide office space; therapists are responsible for securing their own location for in-person sessions, but we can help connect you with other SonderMind therapists looking to share space.
Licensed Counselor - LPCC, LCSW, LCADC, LMFT BHG CareersLicensed Counselor - LPCC, LCSW, LCADC, LMFTCorbin, KentuckyThe Counselor also helps patients adjust to a drug-free life and supports them emotionally and practically as they address challenges in recovery. Employee Perks: Access exclusive discounts on various services and entertainment options, and benefit from our Employee Assistance Program and self-care series.
THERAPIST University Health Services IncTHERAPISTBOWLING GREEN, KYAt UHS and all our subsidiaries, our Human Resources departments and recruiters are here to help prospective candidates by matching skill set and experience with the best possible career path at UHS and our subsidiaries. About Universal Health Services: One of the nation's largest and most respected providers of hospital and healthcare services, Universal Health Services, Inc. (UHS) has built an impressive record of achievement and performance.
Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist BetterHelpLicensed Marriage and Family TherapistKentuckyRemoteAlso, we are unable to accept substance abuse counselors, school counselors, registered nurses, career counselors, Christian counselors, and business coaches (unless they have an additional license as a mental health counselor). BetterHelp is one of the world’s largest online therapy platforms for mental health professionals who want to focus on client care — not admin or overhead.
Licensed Psychological Practitioner BetterHelpLicensed Psychological PractitionerKentuckyRemoteAlso, we are unable to accept substance abuse counselors, school counselors, registered nurses, career counselors, Christian counselors, and business coaches (unless they have an additional license as a mental health counselor). BetterHelp is one of the world’s largest online therapy platforms for mental health professionals who want to focus on client care — not admin or overhead.
Licensed Psychologist BetterHelpLicensed PsychologistKentuckyRemoteAlso, we are unable to accept substance abuse counselors, school counselors, registered nurses, career counselors, Christian counselors, and business coaches (unless they have an additional license as a mental health counselor). BetterHelp is one of the world’s largest online therapy platforms for mental health professionals who want to focus on client care — not admin or overhead.
Licensed Psychologist- Remote BetterHelpLicensed Psychologist- RemoteLouisville, KYRemoteAlso, we are unable to accept substance abuse counselors, school counselors, registered nurses, career counselors, Christian counselors, and business coaches (unless they have an additional license as a mental health counselor). BetterHelp is one of the world's largest online therapy platforms for mental health professionals who want to focus on client care — not admin or overhead.
Licensed Psychological Practitioner- Remote BetterHelpLicensed Psychological Practitioner- RemoteLouisville, KYRemoteAlso, we are unable to accept substance abuse counselors, school counselors, registered nurses, career counselors, Christian counselors, and business coaches (unless they have an additional license as a mental health counselor). BetterHelp is one of the world's largest online therapy platforms for mental health professionals who want to focus on client care — not admin or overhead.
Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist- Remote BetterHelpLicensed Marriage and Family Therapist- RemoteLouisville, KYRemoteAlso, we are unable to accept substance abuse counselors, school counselors, registered nurses, career counselors, Christian counselors, and business coaches (unless they have an additional license as a mental health counselor). BetterHelp is one of the world's largest online therapy platforms for mental health professionals who want to focus on client care — not admin or overhead.
NewClinician- Franklin, KY Quadrant Health GroupClinician- Franklin, KYFranklin, KY$65,000–$88,000 / yearOIG Exclusion List screening • Drug screening as required by program policy • TB screening as required by program policy • CPR / First Aid certification (or ability to obtain within required timeframe) Work Environment This position operates within a residential substance use disorder treatment facility and requires regular interaction with clients experiencing substance use and co-occurring mental health disorders. The Clinician supports the delivery of evidence-based treatment services to individuals receiving care at ASAM Levels 3.5 and 3.7/3.7-WM, and collaborates with the multidisciplinary treatment team to promote recovery, safety, and overall client well-being.
Behavioral Health Assessor - Weekend Shifts Addiction Recovery CareBehavioral Health Assessor - Weekend ShiftsAshland, KYThe Behavioral Health Assessor provides in-person risk assessment and crisis intervention, initial contact with referral sources and potential patients, coordinates the referral and intake process, determines the appropriate level of care, facilitates the admission process, and maintains communication with referral sources, families, patients, and unit staff. ARC has been leading the way and has become one of the fastest growing healthcare systems in Kentucky (and beyond!) in addiction treatment, mental health services and improving lives by creating opportunities for people to discover hope and live their God-given destiny!
Licensed Mental Health Therapist (LPCC/LCSW/LMFT) LifeStance HealthLicensed Mental Health Therapist (LPCC/LCSW/LMFT)Fort Thomas, KY$91,000–$104,000 / yearFull timeAbout LifeStance Health LifeStance is a national provider of mental healthcare services focused on evidenced-based, medically driven treatment services for children, adolescents and adults suffering from a variety of mental health issues in an outpatient care setting, both in-person at its clinics nationwide and through its digital health telemedicine offering. We are actively looking to hire talented licensed mental health therapists within our Fort Thomas, KY office, who are passionate about patient care and committed to clinical excellence.
Bilingual Licensed Therapist (Spanish Speaking Preferred) Ellie Mental HealthBilingual Licensed Therapist (Spanish Speaking Preferred)Crestview Hills, Kentucky$50,000–$70,000 / yearSo we created a new model: one that puts flexibility, innovative decision-making, creativity, and our people first, while remaining a socially conscious and responsible for-profit business focused on changing how we treat mental health. (Authenticity is one of our core values, after all…) If you’re excited about the chance to be a change-maker with us, but your past experience doesn’t perfectly align with every single qualification of the job description, we encourage you to apply anyways.
Psychotherapist Cultivate Behavioral Management CorpPsychotherapistLexington, KY$35–$50 / hourOur mental health services program is comprised of a multi-disciplinary team of counselors, social workers, and marriage and family therapists who work closely with clients and families to assess their treatment needs and design a treatment program to ensure progress and success in meeting identified treatment goals. Delivers services, timely, and achieves targets, according to agreed-upon volume and billable hours requirements, as established by the Regional Vice President.
Psychotherapist Cultivate Administrative ServicesPsychotherapistLexington, KY$35–$50 / hourPart timeOur mental health services program is comprised of a multi-disciplinary team of counselors, social workers, and marriage and family therapists who work closely with clients and families to assess their treatment needs and design a treatment program to ensure progress and success in meeting identified treatment goals. Delivers services, timely, and achieves targets, according to agreed-upon volume and billable hours requirements, as established by the Regional Vice President.
Bilingual Licensed Therapist (Spanish Speaking Preferred) Ellie Mental Health - 125Bilingual Licensed Therapist (Spanish Speaking Preferred)Crestview Hills, KY$50,000–$70,000 / yearFull timeWe're looking for a licensed or provisionally licensed, Spanish-speaking therapist who is passionate about delivering culturally competent mental health care to diverse communities. Clinical license (LMFT, LPCC, LCSW, LPCA, MFTA, CSW) or provisional licensure in Kentucky.
Adolescent Outpatient Therapist Sun Behavioral HealthAdolescent Outpatient TherapistErlanger, KYThe SUN Outpatient Center in Erlanger, KY is expanding our clinical team and seeking a dedicated, mission-driven Group-Based Therapist to support adults participating in our Partial Hospitalization Program (PHP) and Intensive Outpatient Program (IOP). This role is ideal for a clinician who feels energized by group facilitation, values interdisciplinary teamwork, and is passionate about delivering high-impact mental health treatment in a structured outpatient setting.
Adult OP Therapist Sun Behavioral HealthAdult OP TherapistErlanger, KYThe Outpatient Therapist provides behavioral health services to individuals, families, and groups in an outpatient setting, helping clients address emotional, behavioral, and social challenges that impact daily functioning and overall well-being. This role delivers assessment, treatment, and therapeutic interventions while collaborating with clients, families, referral sources, and community partners to promote positive treatment outcomes.
Therapist School Based (High School) Sun Behavioral HealthTherapist School Based (High School)KYThe School-Based Therapist provides behavioral health services to students within a school setting, helping them navigate emotional, behavioral, and social challenges that impact overall well-being and academic success. Support students experiencing anxiety, depression, behavioral concerns, trauma, grief, family conflict, peer relationship issues, and school-related stress.
Licensed Counselor BHG CareersLicensed CounselorBowling Green, KentuckyIn addition to meeting the qualifications, the ideal candidate will embody the following characteristics and possess the knowledge, skills and abilities listed below: Ability to make decisions and use proper judgment with confidential and sensitive issues. Behavioral Health Group (BHG) is the largest network of Joint Commission-accredited treatment centers and the leading provider of opioid addiction treatment services.
Mobile Assessment Liaison (on site and in community) 3pm-11pm Mon-Friday Sun Behavioral HealthMobile Assessment Liaison (on site and in community) 3pm-11pm Mon-FridayErlanger, KYThe clinician is responsible for assessing and identifying behavioral, educational, developmental and psychosocial functioning of the patient and completing a clinical assessment using DSM criteria to determine best patient care. Accurately documents all information related to a medical/psychiatric emergency transfer to include Memorandum of Transfers, consent/refusal for care, progress notes, MD consultation and signature.
Assessment Clinician - 4:00pm - 2:30am University Health Services IncAssessment Clinician - 4:00pm - 2:30amLEXINGTON, KYOperating acute care hospitals, behavioral health facilities, outpatient facilities and ambulatory care access points, an insurance offering, a physician network, and various related services located all over the USA, Puerto Rico and the United Kingdom. Notice At UHS and all our subsidiaries, our Human Resources departments and recruiters are here to help prospective candidates by matching skillset and experience with the best possible career path at UHS and our subsidiaries.
NewTherapist (Associate) Child/Adolescent Crisis Center (PRN) Seven Counties ServicesTherapist (Associate) Child/Adolescent Crisis Center (PRN)Louisville, KentuckyMaster's degree in social services field with certification or licensure in area of specialization (e.g., CSW, LCSW, LPCC, LPCA, LMFT, Marriage and Family Therapy Associate). Basic knowledge of mental and physical characteristics of applicable population group (e.g., growth and development and range of treatment needed), psychotherapy, human behavior, treatment modes, and related issues.