Network-side setup: Configure and operate base station emulators and test networks (e.g., Keysight/Anritsu/R&S call boxes, private LTE/5G networks, small cells, or open-source cores) to replicate real-world and corner-case network conditions. Log analysis and root cause: Capture and analyze modem and protocol logs (QXDM/QCAT, PCAP, AT-command traces, network-side logs) to isolate and root-cause failures in attach, registration, RRC/NAS signaling, mobility, throughput, and RF performance.